Geochemical Features of the Hubin Spring Gases from the Northern Caldera Lake of the Tianchi Volcano,Changbai Mountains

This paper deals with geochemical features of gas emitted from the Hubin Springs.The Hubin Springs zone,a strong thermal emission zone,is are locatedd at the north edge of the Tianchi caldera lake.Very young deposits with uncertain eruption date are found on the top area of the Tianwenfeng,which might have been formed in one of the recent eruptions or the Millennium Eruption.It is of significance to study the geochemistry features of the emitting gas from the Hubin Springs to understand the activities of the Tianchi Volcano.This paper systematically sampled and analyzed the gases emitted from the Hubin Springs and discussed their geochemistry features.The results show that there is a high content of deep derived gases,such as CO2,He,CH4 and Ar in Hubin Springs zone.The isotopic ratio of He lies between 4.18 and 5.95 Ra.The averaged mantle derived gas content calculated from the 4He/20Ne ratio and He content reaches 67.1%.All these show that the Hubin Springs are located on a special belt of deep gases released in high intensity and large scale.The spatial distribution of Helium isotope is characterized by concavity,showing that this special area may be related to the volcanic edifice.It is highly possible that the released gases represent the residual gas samples of the latest eruptions from the Tianchi Volcano.However more detailed studies are demanded.     

The glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau based on the multi-temporal grid method and its sensitivity to climate change

Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1970-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid method.The results indicate that the melting of glaciers accelerated,only a few of glaciers in an advancing state during 1970-2000 in the whole Qangtang Plateau.However,the glaciers seemed still more stable in the study area than in most areas of western China.We estimate that glacier retreat was likely due to air temperature warming during 1970-2000 in the Qangtang Plateau.Furthermore,the functional model of glacier system is applied to study climate sensitivity of glacier area changes,which indicates that glacier lifespan mainly depends on the heating rate,secondly the precipitation,and precipitation increasing can slow down glacier retreat and make glacier lifespan prolonged.     

青藏高原大同西侧石英二长岩体地球化学及岩石系列

大同西侧石英二长岩体位于青藏高原西北缘、西昆仑山主峰地带,形成于早古生代。其地质、地球化学研究表明,岩体岩石组合类型为（石英）二长闪长岩－（石英）二长岩－石英正长岩。岩石主要由斜长石、微斜长石、石英、角闪石、辉少量黑云母组成。岩石化学成分富碱、富钾、Ｋ２Ｏ／ＮａＯ比值大而贫铁,微量元素富集Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ特闫离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,属于钾玄岩系列。     

广州地区稻田甲烷排放及中国稻田甲烷排放的空间变化

１９９３年在广州地区采用中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的自动采集和分析系统测量了稻田甲烷的排放率，首次获得了占我国２０－２５％左右水稻收获面积的华南地区稻田甲烷排放特征值。从而宏观地使我国五个主要水稻生态区的甲烷排放率都有了实测资料。稻田甲烷排放率的季节变化主要与气温及灌溉水状态的变化的较大关系，日变化规律以下午出现极大为主。本实验田的甲烷排放率低。     

中国火山温泉气体地球化学特征及其在火山监测中的应用

中国火山温泉主要分布在吉林长白山、云南腾冲和黑龙江五大连池等火山区。这些火山虽然处于休眠状态,但大面积的温泉分布指示着岩浆房存在的可能性。本文总结了前人研究成果,分析了中国主要火山区温泉气体地球化学特征,并探讨了温泉气体在火山监测中的应用。长白山、腾冲和五大连池火山区温泉气体地球化学性质类似,都以CO₂为主要气体,含量在80%以上,最高可达99%以上,其它气体组分包括CH₄、N₂、O₂、SO₂、H₂S、He和H₂等。长白山火山温泉气体中氦同位素比值（3He/4He）最高,约为4—6R_A,CO₂中碳同位素比值（δ13C）为-7.9‰—-1.3‰,CH₄中碳同位素为-48.0‰—-28.7‰;腾冲火山温泉气体氦同位素比值为3—5.5R_A,CO₂中的碳同位素为-6.49‰—-2.07‰,CH₄中碳同位素为-23.5‰—-9.3‰;五大连池火山温泉气体氦同位素比值约为3R_A,CO₂中的碳同位素比值为-9.6‰—-3.1‰,CH₄中碳同位素为-47.2‰—-44.4‰。3个火山区的温泉气体均显示地幔来源的岩浆气体特征,并在上升运移过程中受地壳或古俯冲物质的影响。     

新疆乌拉根砂岩型铅锌矿床地质特征与控矿条件

新疆乌拉根铅锌矿是与含油气盆地有关的砂岩型矿床,发育于塔里木盆地西北缘的喀什凹陷。在区域地层、构造、沉积岩和最新勘探资料综合分析的基础上,对该矿床的地质特征和控矿地质条件进行了研究。结果表明,其矿化层为一套海退砂、砾-泥-碳酸盐岩沉积建造,下白垩统克孜勒苏群(K1kz)和古新统阿尔塔什组(E1a)是成矿的物质基础,矿化蚀变发育于下白垩统克孜勒苏群第五岩性段+古近系阿尔塔什组第一岩性段,铅锌矿体呈层状、似层状产出,总体产状与地层产状一致。碎屑岩与矿化关系显示,从砾岩-砂砾岩-含砾砂岩-砂岩-泥岩,矿化强度依次减弱,除白云质(角砾)灰岩由于后期热液叠加多形成块状、细脉状矿石,矿化最强外,其余岩性按岩石颗粒粒度从小到大,矿化强度依次增强。该矿床的形成明显受乌拉根向斜和后期张性裂隙构造的制约,主矿体主要分布在砂砾岩层和白云质(角砾)灰岩中,矿体和上盘白云质(角砾)灰岩接触带局部张裂隙中发育黄铁矿型铅锌矿。塔西南喀什凹陷北缘中新生代碎屑岩盆地,是寻找砂岩型铜铅锌等多金属矿床最有利的远景区带。     

Using data‐driven methods to explore the predictability of surface soil moisture with FLUXNET site data

Soil moisture (SM) is a key variable of land surface‐atmosphere interactions. Data‐driven methods have been used to predict SM, but the predictability of SM has not been well evaluated. This study investigated what variables and methods can be used to better predict SM for leading times of 7 days or longer with a global coverage of FLUXNET site data for the first time. Three machine‐learning models, that is, Bayesian linear regression, random forest, and gradient boosting regression tree, are used for the prediction. Variables including atmospheric forcing, surface soil temperature, time variables (year, day of year, and hour), the Fourier transformation of time variables, and lagged SM (7‐ to 14‐day lagged) were sequentially added into models. A framework with five experiments is designed for factorial exploration of SM predictability. A stepwise method was used to build the best models for each site. The performance of regression models became better when adding more explaining variables in most cases. The results showed that from 50 to 95% of variation of the best models can be explained. The important explaining variables are lagged surface SM, followed by day of year, year, soil temperature, and atmospheric forcing. The predictability of SM depends highly on SM memory characteristics and the persistence of seasonality. The effect of SM memory characteristics on SM prediction as an initial condition question has been widely discussed in this paper. Our results also provide an insight that mechanisms of seasonality effects on SM should be also paid more attention to.     

稻田CH4的排放规律

通过对我国长江中下游地区、西南地区及华中地区这三大主要水稻区稻田CH_4排放的多年测量,描述了稻田CH_4排放的一般规律及特征。稻田CH_4排放的日变化有三种型式,即下午最大值型式、夜间最大值型式以及下午、夜间双峰型式,导致这三种型式的主要原因是CH_4排放路径的日变化;不同品种水稻的不同生理特性、天气条件会通过改变CH_4排放路径的日变化来改变CH_4排放日变化的型式;随着水稻生长,CH_4排放日变化幅度也会随着变化。 早稻与晚稻稻田CH_4排放的季节变化型式不一致。早稻的CH_4排放一般出现三个排放峰值,其中第一个与第三个峰值是由土壤中CH_4的产生率增加引起的,第二个峰值则是由于CH_4排放路径的畅通引起的。四川地区单季稻CH_4排放的季节变化与早稻比较一致,但是没有第一个排放峰值的出现。引起早、晚稻不同季节变化的原因是水稻生长季节中气温的季节变化。灌溉水状态也能够较大程度的影响稻田CH_4的排放的季节变化。 含SO_4~(2-)的肥料能够降低CH_4的排放,但其作用的大小取决于土壤中有机物质(肥)的数量;施尿素、KCl也能够使CH_4排放降低,但它的降低效应没有有机肥使CH_4排放增大的正效应大,这说明有机肥对CH_4排放的影响很大,而在空气中堆腐过的沼渣肥使稻田CH_4的排放大大降低。不同的施肥使     

内蒙白云鄂博铁矿床中磁铁矿和赤铁矿的氧同位素组成

白云鄂博矿床分布在内蒙地轴北部边缘的过渡带。含矿岩系为元古代海相沉积碳酸盐、碎屑岩建造,主要由石英岩、白云岩和板岩组成,其中白云岩是矿体围岩。 矿床受东西向向斜构造控制。向斜以北为一大背斜构造,沿轴部被断层破坏,出露有古老的片麻岩和片岩。向斜以南的背斜构造轴部有海西期黑云母花岗岩侵入,使背斜构造轴部遭受破坏。     

西昆仑山加里东期花岗岩类构造的类型及其大地构造意义

The Caledonian granite belt in the West Kunlun Mts.is distributed on the south-side of Kudi tectonic belt in northwest Tibet Plateau.It consists of about 10 representative massifs in studied area.They were systematically studied,especially on west-side of Datong and Wuyitake massifs that were in lower degree of study before our work. Four tectonic genesis types——ocean ridge granites, volcanic arc granites, post-collision uplift granites and late-orogenic granites have been discriminated according to their features of occurrences,rock assemblage,facieology and petrogeochemistry.The results indicate that the West Kunlun Mts.is a Caledonian collision-orogenic belt and it has important significance for understanding the geological evolution of Tibet Plateau in early Paleozoic era.