惠州凹陷HZ21钻孔珠江组地球化学特征及其沉积环境

根据21件碎屑岩样品的常量元素和微量元素相关关系、组分含量及某些元素的比值特征,探讨了珠江口盆地惠州凹陷HZ21钻孔的元素地球化学特征与古环境意义。研究表明:Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、K₂O、TiO₂、V、Cr、Rb相互间呈明显的正相关关系;SiO₂与Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、TiO₂呈明显负相关,与K₂O呈弱相关关系;Sr与CaO呈明显正相关关系;P₂O₅与Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、K₂O、TiO₂呈明显的正相关,与SiO₂呈明显的负相关,且与CaO呈弱相关关系。据锶钙比值103(Sr/Ca)和V/Cr值分析,HZ21井珠江组从下往上水体有逐渐加深的趋势,与单井沉积相分析结果一致。据镁铝比值102(MgO/Al₂O₃)和Sr/Ba值分析,珠江组从下往上沉积环境的水体盐度变化不太大,但到上部略有下降。古气候指示剂Rb/Sr值和MgO/CaO值显示,NSQ1和NSQ2层序时期气候干燥寒冷,而NSQ3和NSQ4这两个层序时期气候湿热。总之,地球化学特征所反映的沉积环境与沉积相分析的结果相一致,说明元素地球化学与沉积环境关系密切,可作为沉积相判别的标志。      

松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用定量研究*

利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析、测井解释和粒度分析等资料,对松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用类型、成岩作用强度及其影响因素等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)压实作用是导致大安油田泉四段特低渗—超低渗储集层物性变差最主要的成岩作用。研究区储集层压实程度为中等,压实破坏程度与储集层复合砂体厚度、分选系数、泥质含量等参数具有较好的相关性。(2)胶结作用是研究区储集层物性变差的又一重要因素。区内胶结作用强度较弱,胶结作用减孔率与相对构型界面的位置、石英绝对含量、碎屑组分含量和杂基含量等因素具有明显的相关性。(3)溶蚀作用对区内储集层物性的改善程度相对较小。溶蚀作用增孔率与复合砂体厚度、杂基含量具有一定的相关性。压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储集层物性改造程度影响因素的分析结果,反映砂体的垂向叠置关系、河道厚度规模、水动力强度等沉积特征对成岩作用类型及其强度有一定的控制作用。     

珠江口盆地新近纪海平面升降过程及其对砂体的控制

通过沉积相序的变化识别出地层叠加样式,并定性判断单井上海平面升降变化过程。以此为基础,采用了连井沉积 相对比分析沉积相带的迁移过程,通过对削截、上超等地震反射轴的终止形式和前积体叠置关系进行分析,对珠江口盆地 新近系层序地层进行了划分和对比,并刻画了该区域新近纪海岸上超过程,进而构建了海平面升降曲线。随着海平面的升 降,古珠江三角洲的发育范围不断减小或扩大,而且三角洲还发生不同程度的侧向迁移。海平面变化促使有利砂体发育场 所两极化。海平面较低时,陆架坡折以下的陆坡内凹陷成为有利砂体发育的场所,主要发育低位体系域的重力流成因扇体 和楔状前积砂体;海平面较高时,陆架内凹陷成为有利砂体发育的场所,主要发育的砂体类型包括海侵期和高位期的中陆 架和内陆架三角洲砂体。     

松花江、辽河流域实测径流的变化趋势及其与降水的关系

利用松花江、辽河流域内132个降水测站1961-2000年40年的月降水资料,以及水文测站哈尔滨、江桥、铁岭1956-2000年45年的月实测径流量资料,分析松花江、辽河流域实测径流的变化趋势,并探讨夏季径流与同期降水的相关性。结果表明：松花江流域的年实测径流量呈现较微弱的下降趋势,而辽河流域年实测径流呈现显著的下降趋势;两流域径流量均存在着一致的阶段性丰枯周期变化;最显著的一次波动是夏季实测径流由20世纪60年代中后期呈现的显著下降趋势转为80年代初期的明显上升趋势;降水是影响松花江、辽河流域夏季实测径流的一个重要气候因素。初步揭示了人类活动、下垫面改变对实测径流的影响。     

An analysis on the physical process of the influence of AO on ENSO

The influence of the spring AO on ENSO has been demonstrated in several recent studies. This analysis further explores the physical process of the influence of AO on ENSO using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data over the period 1958–2010. We focus on the formation of the westerly wind burst in the tropical western Pacific, and examine the evolution and formation of the atmospheric circulation, atmospheric heating, and SST anomalies in association with the spring AO variability. The spring AO variability is found to be independent from the East Asian winter monsoon activity. The spring AO associated circulation anomalies are supported by the interaction between synoptic-scale eddies and the mean-flow and its associated vorticity transportation. Surface wind changes may affect surface heat fluxes and the oceanic heat transport, resulting in the SST change. The AO associated warming in the equatorial SSTs results primarily from the ocean heat transport in the face of net surface heat flux damping. The tropical SST warming is accompanied by anomalous atmospheric heating in the subtropical north and south Pacific, which sustains the anomalous westerly wind in the equatorial western Pacific through a Gill-like atmospheric response from spring to summer. The anomalous westerly excites an eastward propagating and downwelling equatorial Kelvin wave, leading to SST warming in the tropical central-eastern Pacific in summer-fall. The tropical SST, atmospheric heating, and atmospheric circulation anomalies sustain and develop through the Bjerknes feedback mechanism, which eventually result in an El Niño-like warming in the tropical eastern Pacific in winter.     

东北亚和北半球冬季高空切断冷涡与中国极端低温事件的联系

利用美国国家环境预测中心/国家大气研究中心再分析资料和美国气候预测中心冬季逐日温度资料,通过机器自动识别和目视相结合的方法,研究了北半球冬季500 hPa冷涡分布特征,并基于信息流因果论方法,揭示了东北亚冷涡活动与北半球其他活动区冷涡以及中国冬季极端低温事件的联系。根据冷涡活动天数随经度的变化,划分了4个活动频繁区,发现北半球冬季冷涡活动频率从大到小分别为大西洋-欧洲区（37.7%）、北太平洋区（22.35%）、东北亚区（20.95%）和北美-格陵兰区（13.77%）。北美-格陵兰区冷涡平均中心强度最强（493 dagpm）,大西洋-欧洲区最弱（514 dagpm）。年际尺度上,东北亚区冷涡活动具有相对独立性,只有1月北美-格陵兰区冷涡活动天数变化在一定程度上是2月东北亚冷涡活动天数变化的原因。冷涡强年的动力学特征分析表明,东北亚区和北美-格陵兰区冷涡与北大西洋涛动正位相密切相联,北太平洋区冷涡则与北太平洋涛动正位相有联系,大西洋-欧洲区冷涡则对应北大西洋涛动和北太平洋涛动负位相。东北亚冷涡与中国极端低温联系密切,通过聚类分析界定了4类极端低温事件,发现东北-华北类、北方类和中东部类极端低温事件发生时都伴随着很强的东北亚冷涡活动。      

Quantitative Assessment of Impacts of Regional Climate and Human Activities on Saline-alkali Land Changes:A Case Study of Qian'an County,Jilin Province

Interdecadal and interannual variations of saline-alkali land area in Qian′an County, Jilin Province, China were comprehensively analyzed in this paper by means of satellite remote sensing interpretation, field flux observations and regional climate diagnosis.The results show that on the interannual scale, the impact of climate factors accounts for 71.6% of the total variation of the saline-alkali land area, and that of human activities accounts for 28.4%.Therefore the impact of climate factors is obviously...     

Dynamic-analogue correction of the decadal change of East Asian summer precipitation in the late 1990s

This paper systematically evaluates the deviations that appear in the hindcasts of the East Asian summer precipitation (EASP) decadal change in the late 1990s in two global coupled models (BCC_CGCM and BCC_CSM). The possible causes for the deviations between the model hindcasts and observations are analyzed. The results show that the hindcasts of EASP by BCC_CGCM and BCC_CSM deviate from observations, with the anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) being -0.01 and -0.09 for the two models, respectively. The SST anomalies in North and West Pacific and the SST index values predicted by the two models also deviate from the observations, indicating that inconsistent SST fields may be the key factor leading to the deviation in the prediction of the EASP decadal shift. Thus, a dynamic-analogue scheme is proposed to correct the precipitation hindcasts by using SSTs, where SST and EASP are highly correlated, to select historical analogue cases. Cross validations show that the average ACC of the temporal-latitude distribution of the EASP between the corrected hindcasts and observations is 0.18 for BCC_CGCM and 0.02 for BCC_CSM; both are much higher than the uncorrected hindcasts. Applying the dynamic-analogue correction scheme in both models successfully improves prediction of the EASP decadal change in the late 1990s.     

Diverse influences of spring Arctic Oscillation on the following winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation in CMIP5 models

Climate Dynamics - This study evaluates the ability of 35 climate models, which participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) historical climate simulations, in...     

The occurrence of vanadium in nature: its biogeochemical cycling and relationship with organic matter—a case study of the Early Cambrian black rocks of the Niutitang Formation,western Hunan,China

Acta Geochimica - Vanadium in the black rocks has economic and environmental impacts. In sediments, it is broadly disseminated as a multivalent metal element mainly sensitive to redox settings....