Research Progress of Conodont （U-Th）/He Thermochronology

Given the lacking of effective geothermometer， it is difficult to reconstruct the complex thermal evolution history of marine carbonate rocks. It is considered that conodonts widely distributed in Paleozoic strata are suitable for the reconstruction of thermal history of carbonate strata. In this study， we mainly discussed the basic principle and experimental test method of conodont （U-Th）/He thermochronology， and the influencing factors of conodont （U-Th）/He ages. The thermal diffusion experiment reveals that the closure temperature of conodont （U-Th）/He is 60°~70°. Conodont samples have strong inverse relationship between effective uranium concentration and （U-Th）/He data. The main reasons for the open-system behavior in conodont （U-Th）/He are possible U loss during dissolution procedure using formic acid， the fluidity of U and Th elements during diagenesis， excessive initial He， and the non-uniform parent isotope distributions， etc. The higher CAI values the conodonts have， the more brittle the conodonts will become； the possibility of parent isotope loss will increase， and consistently they have older （U-Th）/He dates and substantially more scattered individual dates. Conodont tissue type also affects the parent isotope distribution and element migration of conodonts， and the change of its microstructure leads to the dispersion of conodont （U-Th）/He dates. Finally， we explored the existing problems and put forward the future hot research and development direction of conodont （U-Th）/He thermal dating system， so as to promote the deep development of relative theory and technology of conodont （U-Th）/He thermochronology.     

论粉喷桩在软基中的应用

通过对粉喷桩质量监理的要点的描述,明确其监理的重要性,加强粉喷桩施工现场质量控制,使施工质量得到有效保证.     

Studying Changes in Land Use Within the Poyang Lake Region

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. Because the lake is faced with a series of ecological and environmental problems, it is important and necessary to study the land use changes in the Poyang Lake region. In this study, Landsat images from 1976, 1989, 1999 and 2009, were used along with other evaluation methods (quantitative analysis of changes in land use, land use dynamic, degree and transfer matrix analyses) to investigate the changes in land use within the Poyang Lake region from 1976 to 2009. Land use was classified into seven types: cropland, woodland, grassland, the water body, construction land, bottomland and unused land. Areas of cropland, bottomland and the water body were decreasing although the area of the water body decreased relatively slowly. However, areas of construction land, grassland, woodland and unused land increased to a certain extent, with unused land increasing the most rapidly given its smaller proportion compared to the other types. All land types in the study region had different levels of conversion between other types of land. As a whole, the decrease in cropland and the increase in construction land, woodland and grassland were caused by human activities and the conservation policies such as Grain-for-Green and “returning farm to lake”. However, the decrease in the water body area was mainly influenced by natural factors and human activities. Changes in the area of bottomland were mainly influenced by water levels and human farming activities.     

青岛市雾和城市空气质量的特征及其相关关系

基于2006—2012年青岛市区雾日数和同一时期市区8个环境监测站SO2、NO2及PM10 3种污染物浓度的监测资料,统计分析青岛市区雾日和空气质量特征,揭示青岛夏季海雾和冬季陆雾对城市空气质量的影响差异。分析结果表明,青岛市区年平均雾日55天,海雾日数占总雾日数的58%,6、7月是海雾高发期。青岛市年平均污染日数为30天,空气污染主要出现在冬、春两季,首要污染物为PM10。随着城市化进程,NO2质量浓度呈明显递增趋势,SO2年平均浓度是逐年下降的趋势。雾天气背景下常伴随着不同程度的空气污染,冬季大雾天气3种污染物浓度均显著高于夏季海雾天气污染物浓度。     

南海中部上层海洋湍流混合的空间分布特征及参数化模型

通过对2010年5月南海16°N和14.5°N断面的湍流微结构剖面观测资料分析,给出了南海海盆上层湍流混合空间分布特征:在16°N断面上,上层10~400m垂向平均湍动能耗散率ερ在东侧略大于西侧;相反,在14.5°N断面上,西侧ερ均值约是东侧ερ的4倍,其中,西侧110.5°~111°E的ερ的平均值为2.6×10-6 W/m3,东侧118.5°E的ερ仅为5.89×10-7 W/m3。通过分析细结构剪切和湍流混合的相关性,发现剪切是南海中部上层强湍流混合的主要驱动力,揭示了高模态内波破碎可能是湍流混合的主要机制。另外,研究了大洋中的3种参数化模型,发现适用于大洋近海的参数化MacKinnon-Gregg(MG)模型能较好地用浮频和剪切估算南海中部深海区上层湍流耗散率。     

海底沙波特征线的最优方向剖面自动识别方法

海底沙波是发育在近海陆架上的一种常见海底地貌类型,海底沙波特征与运动规律的研究具有重要的科学意义与工程应用价值,沙波脊线与谷线是表征海底沙波的最基本特征,也是精确描述沙波运动的基本参量。本文提出了一种基于复合数字水深模型的沙波特征线自动识别方法——最优方向剖面法,基于水深曲面归算得到最优剖面方向,再依据最优剖面方向求导并判定极值,自动提取沙波形态特征点,最终形成沙波脊线和谷线。以台湾浅滩复合型沙波为例进行对比实验研究,结果表明,该方法能基于不同分辨率的数字水深模型自动准确地提取海底沙波脊线与谷线,勿需设置阈值,地形自动化识别程度得到进一步提升,具有重要的实际应用价值。     

Plasma and Magnetic-Field Characteristics of Magnetic Decreases in the Solar Wind at 1 AU: Cluster-C1 Observations

Magnetic decreases (MDs) are structures observed in interplanetary space with significant decreases in magnetic-field magnitude. Events with little or no change in the field direction are called linear magnetic decreases (LMDs), the others are called nonlinear MDs (NMDs). In this article we focus on LMD and NMD trains, where LMD trains are defined as at least three LMDs in a row and NMD trains as trains (≥ three MDs in a row) that are not all linear. If the temporal separation between two MDs was shorter than five minutes, they were considered as one train event. A total of 16?273 MD trains (including 897 LMD trains and 15?376 NMD trains) were identified and studied. The details of the background magnetic-field and plasma (e.g. ion-density and velocity) features were examined and compared with the average solar-wind properties. LMD trains are found to occur in regions with relatively low magnetic-field strengths, high ion-number densities, and large plasma βs (ratio of the plasma thermal pressure to the magnetic pressure). In sharp contrast, NMD trains have plasma properties similar to the average solar wind. Forty-three LMD trains are related to interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) (including 19 events that occurred in ICME sheaths and 24 in the ICME proper), while 222 LMD trains occurred in corotating interaction regions (CIRs), and the remaining 632 events in the normal solar wind. The LMD trains that occurred in ICME sheaths are thought to be associated with the generation mechanism of the mirror-mode instability. Only 552 of the NMD trains are related to ICMEs (including 236 events in ICME sheaths and 316 in ICMEs proper), while 3889 (25 %) NMD trains occurred in CIRs, and the remaining 71 % occurred in the normal solar wind. Because the NMD trains have various plasma properties that differ from the LMD trains, we suggest that NMD trains may be generated by different mechanisms, for instance by a steepening of Alfvén waves.     

Cloud cover over the Tibetan Plateau and eastern China: a comparison of ERA5 and ERA-Interim with satellite observations

This study examines the progress made by reanalyses and satellite products in the estimation of cloud cover over China: the ECMWF reanalyses ERA5 and ERA-Interim, geostationary satellite observation Himawari-8 (H8) and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project H-series (ISCCP) product. There is great similarity in spatial patterns of cloud cover in reanalyses and satellite observations, especially between ERA5 and H8. Distinct characteristics of the seasonal evolution of cloud cover are shown over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the southeast (SE) and northeast (NE) of China. Differences in magnitudes of cloud cover exist. Overestimations are about 10% for reanalyses and about 20% for ISCCP in compared with certain cloud cover in H8. When probable cloud (about 10%) in H8 is included in the estimation, biases reduce the most in ERA5. The cloud hit rate (CHR) and false alarm rate (FAR) in against H8 and ISCCP reveal that simulated clouds in ERA5 have been improved especially over eastern China, but with limited improvement over TP in compared with ERA-Interim. Diurnal variations of cloud cover are characterized by increases during daytime over those three regions. Amplifications of diurnal variation vary over different regions and months. Satellite observations and ERA5 indicate distinguished diurnal cycle of cloud cover over TP, while further investigation based on ERA5 reveals coherent diurnal cycle in meteorological environment. Long-term changes of cloud cover highlight decreasing trends over TP and particular during March in past decades based on ISCCP and ERA5, which require further investigation in future.     

基于网络药理学与体外细胞实验探讨复方清痹片治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用机制

目的：基于网络药理学与体外细胞实验探讨复方清痹片治疗类风湿性关节炎(RA)的作用机制。方法：基于TCMID、TCMSP和DrugBank数据库筛选复方清痹片的活性成分并预测潜在活性成分靶点;基于GeneCard、OMIM等数据库筛选RA疾病靶点;明确复方清痹片活性成分与RA的共同潜在靶标;利用STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络,并通过DAVID数据库进行基因本体（GO）功能及京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析,RT-PCR检测复方清痹片对肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）诱导的人类风湿性关节炎成纤维样滑膜细胞（HFLS-RA）模型白介素6（IL-6）、TNF-α、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1（AKT1）和血管内皮生长因子A（VEGFA）mRNA表达的影响。结果：筛选出217种潜在活性成分以及158个潜在靶点;IL-6、TNF、AKT1、白蛋白（ALB）、VEGFA等是复方清痹片治疗RA的关键靶点;复方清痹片主要通过炎性因子、趋化因子、免疫调控等信号通路来发挥治疗RA的作用。复方清痹片能够抑制HFLS-RA增殖,下调IL-6、TNF、AKT1和VEGFA mRNA的表达,这与网络药理学预测的结果相一致。结论：本研究揭示了复方清痹片治疗RA“活性成分-靶点-通路”的复杂关系,为后续该药的临床应用提供了研究基础。     

Extraction of Gravity–Magnetic Anomalies Associated with Pb–Zn–Fe Polymetallic Mineralization in Luziyuan Ore Field,Yunnan Province,Southwestern China

The method of bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) and the combined methods of entropy weight–Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were used to decompose gravity–magnetic data and evaluate targets in the Luziyuan Pb–Zn–Fe polymetallic ore field and surrounding areas. Three meaningful bi-dimensional intrinsic mode function (BIMF) images were obtained by BEMD at different wavelengths, depicting different layers of geological architectures in the study area. The results are as follows. (1) The BIMF2 images depict the shallow local geological architecture and show positive gravity–magnetic anomalies of the skarn alteration and Pb–Zn–Fe mineralization distributed around concealed granites. (2) The BIMF3 images depict the medium-depth geological architecture, indicating that concealed granitic stocks, which are shallow extensions of a deeply concealed pluton, intruded along the NE-trending fault. (3) The BIMF4 images depict gravity–magnetic anomalies at greater depth, which likely reflect regional geological architectures, indicating the potential presence of a large, concealed intermediate-acid pluton in the negative anomaly zone. Three potential targets (A, B, and C) were delineated based on BEMD results of the original gravity–magnetic data. The entropy weight–TOPSIS evaluation results show that the ranking of the metallogenic potential of the delineated targets in the study area is B, A, and C, with relative proximity values of 0.4576, 0.3925, and 0.1499, respectively. The results of this study can be used to guide future exploration.