海洋生态系统动力学研究的相关网上资源

分４部分介绍互联网上与海洋生态系统动力学研究有关的信息资源、主要网址及其主要内容：（１）海洋生态系统模拟研究;（２）海洋科学研究组织和国际研究计划;（３）网上新闻讨论组;（４）海洋生态杂志。     

Enhancing seismic P phase arrival picking based on wavelet denoising and kurtosis picker

P phase arrival picking of weak signals is still challenging in seismology. A wavelet denoising is proposed to enhance seismic P phase arrival picking, and the kurtosis picker is applied on the wavelet-denoised signal to identify P phase arrival. It has been called the WD-K picker. The WD-K picker, which is different from those traditional wavelet-based pickers on the basis of a single wavelet component or certain main wavelet components, takes full advantage of the reconstruction of main detail wavelet components and the approximate wavelet component. The proposed WD-K picker considers more wavelet components and presents a better P phase arrival feature. The WD-K picker has been evaluated on 500 micro-seismic signals recorded in the Chinese Yongshaba mine. The comparison between the WD-K pickings and manual pickings shows the good picking accuracy of the WD-K picker. Furthermore, the WD-K picking performance has been compared with the main detail wavelet component combining-based kurtosis (WDC-K) picker, the single wavelet component-based kurtosis (SW-K) picker, and certain main wavelet component-based maximum kurtosis (MMW-K) picker. The comparison has demonstrated that the WD-K picker has better picking accuracy than the other three-wavelet and kurtosis-based pickers, thus showing the enhanced ability of wavelet denoising.     

海岸带区域海洋生态环境承载力综合评价方法体系的探讨与分析

作为协调海岸带区域开发利用活动与生态环境保护之间关系,衡量海岸带区域可持续发展能力的重要手段之一,海洋生态环境承载力综合评价的量化研究至关重要。文章总结了当前海洋生态环境承载力综合评价研究中所存在的问题,比较分析了当前承载力评价中常用的技术方法,并结合海岸带区域的特点,遴选出一套适用于海岸带区域海洋生态环境承载力综合评价的方法体系;在此基础上,通过案例应用的结果分析,进一步探讨该方法体系的可行性与局限性,并提出了改进建议。研究结果表明：鉴于海岸带区域生态系统的复杂性和不确定性,目前一些传统、常用的承载力评价方法,并不能很好地适用于海岸带区域海洋生态环境承载力综合评价;文章所提出的方法体系通过充分考虑人类活动与海洋生态环境之间的相互作用,能较好地支持海岸带区域海洋生态环境承载力评价指标体系的建立,客观地对各项评价指标进行赋权,并能定量化地对海洋生态环境承载力开展综合分析与评估,从而为海岸带区域生态环境承载力综合评价提供一个可行的途径,并为确保海岸带区域的可持续发展提供经验参考;此外,该方法体系存在着两方面的局限性,包括缺乏权威和统一的指标体系构建方法,以及缺乏具体的评价结果分级标准。鉴此,建议未来需要对指标体系构建和评价结果分类标准的相关方法,进一步开展深入研究,从而不断地完善海洋生态环境承载力综合评价的方法体系,使海洋生态环境承载力综合评价的结果更加科学精确。     

基于波形相似特征的微地震事件初至拾取及全局校正

微地震事件初至拾取是井下微地震监测数据处理的关键步骤之一.初至误差的存在会使微地震震源定位结果产生较大偏差,进而影响后续的压裂裂缝解释.通常初至拾取过程对所有的微地震事件选择相同的特征函数并采用一致的拾取参数进行统一处理,然而当事件的能量、震源机制、传播路径以及背景噪声等存在明显差异时,所得初至拾取结果差别显著.为了提高微地震事件初至拾取标准一致性,本文提出基于波形相似特征的初至拾取及全局校正方法.该方法首先利用互相关函数对每个事件内的各道记录进行时差校正,得到初始初至信息并形成叠加道,再对所有事件的叠加道进行全局互相关得到事件间初至相对校正量,最终初至结果可以通过各个事件的初始初至信息与其相对校正量相加得到.方法将所有微地震事件初至结果作为一个整体处理,从而能够克服常规方法初至拾取标准一致性差的缺陷.实际资料处理结果表明,相比于常规方法,该方法可以有效提高事件初至拾取和定位结果的一致性.     

边坡虹吸排水管内空气积累原因及应对措施

坡体地下水位上升是诱发滑坡的重要因素,实时排出地下水是防治边坡地质灾害的有效手段。虹吸排水具有免动力和流动过程由液位变化自动控制的物理特性,可满足实时排出坡体地下水的需要,但虹吸管中空气积累会导致虹吸过程中断,制约了边坡虹吸排水技术的推广应用。溶解于水的空气因虹吸管内压力降低而释出是形成气泡的物理基础。实验结果表明,虹吸进水口水面以上垂直高度3.5 m以上就会出现大量气泡,经过虹吸顶点后,气泡发生强烈的兼并形成大气泡。当虹吸管的进出水口的水头差较大时,气泡间的水弹容易推动气泡从出水口排出。当虹吸管直径大于5 mm时,缓慢的虹吸流动,会发生管内气泡的积累,最终破坏虹吸过程;虹吸管的直径小于4 mm时,可以形成基本稳定的弹状流。因此,为保持边坡虹吸过程长期有效,经常性降雨并且坡体地下水丰富的地区可选用直径为5 mm的虹吸管,非经常性降雨的地区应选择小于等于4 mm的虹吸管。     

Nanoporous polystyrene fibers for oil spill cleanup

The development of oil sorbents with high sorption capacity, low cost, scalable fabrication, and high selectivity is of great significance for water environmental protection, especially for oil spillage on seawater. In this work, we report nanoporous polystyrene (PS) fibers prepared via a one-step electrospinning process used as oil sorbents for oil spill cleanup. The oleophilic-hydrophobic PS oil sorbent with highly porous structures shows a motor oil sorption capacity of 113.87 g/g, approximately 3-4 times that of natural sorbents and nonwoven polypropylene fibrous mats. Additionally, the sorbents also exhibit a relatively high sorption capacity for edible oils, such as bean oil (111.80 g/g) and sunflower seed oil (96.89 g/g). The oil sorption mechanism of the PS sorbent and the sorption kinetics were investigated. Our nanoporous material has great potential for use in wastewater treatment, oil accident remediation and environmental protection.     

Unsteady inter-porosity flow modeling for a multiple media reservoir

The paper deals with unsteady inter-porosity flow modeling of underground fluid in a multiple media reservoir. Assuming spherical vugs, symmetrically distributed pressure, negligible inter-porosity flow between matrix and vug systems and centrifugal flow of the fluid from matrix blocks or vugs to fractures, and treating media directly connected with wellbore as the fracture system, we establish and solve a model of unsteady inter-porosity flow for dual and triple porosity media reservoirs. We provide simulated graphs of pressure and pressure derivative log-log type curves, and analyze the transient flow process and characteristics of type curves affected by different parameters. The new type curves of unsteady inter-porosity flow modeling are evidently different in shape and characteristics from those of pseudo-steady inter-porosity flow modeling. The location of dimensionless pressure of unsteady inter-porosity is lower than that of pseudo-steady inter-porosity, which indicates that unsteady inter-porosity flow accelerates an energy supplement during production. Qualitatively, the unsteady inter-porosity flow modeling reduces the classical V-shaped response. We also estimated parameters from well test data in real applications using this model.     

Variability of suspended particulate matter in the Bohai Sea from the geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI)

This study assesses the performance of the Geostationary Ocean Imager (GOCI) for mapping of suspended particulate matter in the Bohai Sea, a turbid water region. GOCI imagery for remote sensing reflectance and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is analysed in detail for two days in June 2011 (8 images per day). Both instantaneous and daily composite maps are considered and a comparison is made with corresponding reflectance and TSS products from MODIS-AQUA. Results show TSS distributions corresponding to previous studies of the region. The advantage of the higher acquisition frequency (8 images/day instead of 1) offered by GOCI is clearly demonstrated in the daily composite which is more complete during this period of scattered but moving clouds. Consideration of temporal variation over the day indicates low natural variability but some artificial variability from processing errors ?? this analysis provides a first indication of how the higher frequency of data from geostationary ocean colour could lead to improved data quality control via temporal coherency outlier detection. While there is room for improvement on the GOCI calibration, atmospheric correction and retrieval algorithms, the current study suggests that the GOCI data can already be used now to study qualitatively sediment dynamics except in the extremely turbid waters which are masked out of the current dataset. In a wider context, it is considered that the technical challenges of geostationary ocean colour have been met by the GOCI concept, and, notwithstanding potential improvements on the concept and data processing methods, it is recommended that this mission serve as a model for future geostationary ocean colour sensors over Europe/Africa and the Americas.     

中国海域区古近纪含煤盆地与煤系分布研究

新近纪和古近纪是全球重要的聚煤期。中国古近纪聚煤盆地分布在东部沿海省区,是全球性环太平洋聚煤带的组成部分。中国海域区含煤沉积盆地虽然也属于断陷盆地和坳陷盆地类型,且成群出现,但总体构造背景有利于含煤沉积的持续发展,盆地群连续性好,含煤沉积厚度大,如琼东南盆地、东海海域西湖凹陷,含煤沉积厚度达1 km以上,这是陆上区古近纪含煤盆地所不能相比的。研究表明,海域区的聚煤盆地内大多由若干凹陷组成,为聚煤凹陷,可分为两大类,即半地堑凹陷和地堑凹陷。根据成煤盆地的水体深浅又可分为深水半地堑凹陷和浅水半地堑凹陷,地堑凹陷均为深水凹陷。盆地内表现为明显的两个聚煤带：缓坡聚煤带和陡坡聚煤带,缓坡聚煤带占绝对优势。在潮坪体系的潮上带和潮间带沼泽,利于聚煤作用的广泛发生。泥炭的堆积可能存在两种形式：原地堆积和异地堆积。由于盆地构造的频繁活动异地堆积可能是海域区聚煤盆地成煤作用的重要形式。海域区巨厚的含煤沉积为海域区煤成气成藏提供了丰厚的物质基础。又由于含煤地层埋深大,煤的变质作用程度相对较高,成为良好的烃源岩。     

黑洞大型古地下洞室群工程地质条件及岩体稳定性分析

位于浙江天台县蟹山山体内的黑洞洞室群, 以其优越的工程地质条件和完整的岩体结构, 自隋朝以来成为大型古地下采石场。洞室群包括总面积达24 000 m²的21个洞室, 其长轴方向基本沿两组主要地质结构面走向展布。研究显示:总体采石层系上白垩统塘上组(K₂t)第6层灰白色含玻屑熔结凝灰岩;岩体质量指标Q值计算结果为53(I级)。按现代地下洞室设计理念, 其长期稳定最大跨度应不大于50 m, 但实际上5号洞最大跨度达81 m, 可望成为地下人工岩石单洞跨度之最。现场调查发现, 古人在蟹山山脚残留多处地质探洞。古代工匠在洞室开挖过程中遇到断层破碎带时, 采用了近垂直、小断面、高台阶穿越技术方法, 有效保证了不良地质体中无支护开采的安全性和长期稳定性, 这对现代地下工程具有借鉴和工程类比意义。