天基太赫兹云雷达需求指标分析与论证

云对大气起着重要的动力和热力作用,对地球能量平衡、气候变化及天气演变具有重要影响,但云是全球气候模型中最重要的也是最难确定的气象要素之一。太赫兹(Terahertz,THz)波是介于微波和红外辐射的电磁波,具有方向性好、能效高、可全天候工作、对云系微物理结构有更高的灵敏度等优点。天基云雷达是测量全球尺度云的有效手段,它能够直接测量云的三维结构,还可以为被动微波遥感测量提供订正参考,目前天基雷达是获取全球云的垂直运动、粒子相态和中尺度物理结构等信息的唯一设备。综合太赫兹波与雷达探测的优势,采用天基太赫兹雷达进行云雾探测,能够获得目前其他技术手段无法获得的独特信息。从应用需求的角度,综合考虑探测目标的垂直与水平分布特性、目标测量所受的杂波干扰、测量精度、分辨率拖影、天线尺寸和衰减等方面的要求,对天基太赫兹测云雷达的探测频段、灵敏度、分辨率、扫描范围、探测距离等重要需求指标进行分析论证,给出合理的需求指标,推进国内天基太赫兹测云雷达的开发建设及应用,为主动遥感气象探测增加一支生力军。     

华北地台类的演化与煤层生成

以华北地台59处创面全涵盖式研究为基础,建立了华北石炭、二叠纪类生物群演化系列,并划分为6带13亚带,从中抽取4个与煤层生成关系密切的阶段加以详细讨论,分别称为：（1）Pr阶段;（2）T阶段;（3）Ps阶段和（4）S阶段。其中第1阶段反映煤盆地的构造启动,另外3个阶段分别代表太原组底部厚煤层、山西组主煤层、南华北区大风口组煤层的生成机制。     

非等轴颗粒付林图解

非等轴颗粒付林图解由直线a=1、b=1、a=b和曲线a2b=1、ab2=1分割成10个微区,并对应于不同的e_x、e_y、e_z组合和应变类型。这些直线和曲线分别对应于特殊的e_x、e_y、e_z组合和岩石应变类型。岩石的应变类型有18种。函数a.b的表征方程有4种类型,并分别表征直线a=1/k₁和b=1/k₂所分割的4个区间。a,b表征方程的确定取决于岩石总的变形行为。此图解可用于非等轴颗粒标志体应变测量和应变类型的确定和图示,文章给出了应用实例.      

河北张-宣地区水泉沟偏碱性杂岩体的起源和形成机制及地质意义

中生代太平洋板块俯冲、崇礼-赤城大断裂继承性活动,在板块内部壳幔作用增强,形成偏碱性岩浆。偏碱性岩浆演化成4个独立的岩石系列,11种岩石类型。岩浆形成机制主要是深部物质部分熔融。岩浆多幕性活动,沿区域性大断裂侵位,形成东西向展布的线状岩基。偏碱性岩浆杂岩带与金矿密切的时空关系,为找金工作指明了方向。     

分米波毫秒级太阳射电爆发的几个形态

介绍使用１０ｍ天线上２１ｃｍ波段ｍｓ级连续快速记录系统,观测到分米波太阳射电快速活动的几种形态、特征、尖峰辐射及其共生现象。     

低信噪比地震资料FDOC-seislet变换阈值消噪方法研究

地震数据本质上是时变的,不仅有效同相轴表现出确定性信号的时变特征,而且复杂地表和构造条件以及深部探测环境总是引入时变的非平稳随机噪声.标准的频率-空间域预测滤波只适合压制平面波信号假设下的平稳随机噪声,而处理非平稳地震随机噪声时,需要将数据体分割为小窗口进行分析,但效果不够理想,而传统非预测类随机噪声压制方法往往适应性不高,因此开发能够保护地震信号时变特征的随机噪声压制方法具有重要的工业价值.压缩感知是近年出现的一个新的采样理论,通过开发信号的稀疏特性,已经在地震数据处理中的数据插值以及噪声压制中得到了应用.本文系统地分析了压缩感知理论框架下的地震随机噪声压制问题,建立了阈值消噪的数学反演目标函数;针对时变有效信息具有的可压缩性,利用有限差分算法求解炮检距连续方程,构建有限差分炮检距连续预测算子(FDOC),在seislet变换框架下,提出一种新的快速稀疏变换域———FDOC-seislet变换,实现地震数据的高度稀疏表征;结合非平稳随机噪声不可压缩的特征,提出了一种整形迭代消噪方法,该方法是一种广义的迭代收缩阈值(IST)算法,在无法计算稀疏变换伴随算子的条件下,仍然能够对强噪声环境中的时变有效信息进行有效恢复.通过对模型数据和实际数据的处理,验证了FDOC-seislet稀疏变换域随机噪声迭代压制方法能够在保护复杂构造地震波信息的前提下,有效地衰减原始数据中的强振幅随机噪声干扰.     

An experimental study of the isolation performance of trenches on ground-borne vibration from underground tunnels

This paper presents a study of the isolation performance of trenches on train-induced ground-bore vibration from underground tunnels. A series of model tests was conducted to perform the study. Both train loads and sinusoidal sweep loads were applied to the model tunnel invert by a shaker. The response of the soil at the surface of the ground was measured by accelerometers. Three types of isolation trenches, i.e., an open trench, an expanded Polystyrene(EPS)-filled trench, and a Duxseal-filled trench, were modelled in the experiment. The results showed that the open trench and the EPS-filled trench increased the dynamic response of the surface soil in front of the trench, but the Duxseal-filled trench had little effect on the dynamic response of the soil on the surface in this area. Although all three types of isolation trenches reduced the response of the soil behind the trench, the open trench and the Duxseal-filled trench were clearly more effective. The test results also showed that, as the excitation frequency increased, the vibration isolation trench was more effective in the near field. The effects of the width, depth, and position of an open trench on isolation performance also were examined in the tests.     

基于正则化条件的地震数据局部信噪比估计方法

信噪比是衡量地震数据质量的重要指标之一,在地震数据处理和解释中有着重要的作用.目前已有的地震数据信噪比估计方法往往得到的是整个数据的全局信噪比,这种方法只能说明地震数据总体质量的好坏,无法直观细致地刻画地震信号的局部质量.本文提出一种基于正则化条件的局部信噪比估计方法.该方法的基本原理是使用正则化共轭梯度法求解局部信噪比最优解,正则化算子的参数将控制地震信号各点数据局部信噪比的平滑性.其中应用一种基于"过滤波"的级联信号估计方法来计算有效信号,该方法利用有效信号和噪声的相关性特征计算局部信噪比中的有效信号.局部信噪比估计方法利用了信号中每个数据点及其邻域各点的局部信息,避免了使用单个数据点而可能出现的信噪比不合理值,而且局部处理能够减少全局噪声对信噪比估算的影响,该方法可以更准确地表征地震资料信噪分布特征.另外,局部信噪比对去噪方法的评估也具有重要意义.理论模型测试和实际资料处理结果表明,局部信噪比估计方法能够准确反映任一给定地震信号剖面的局部信噪比特征,为非平稳地震数据质量评估提供了直观的评判标准.     

A Discrete Element Analysis of the Sliding Friction Heat in High-Speed and Long-Runout Landslides

Earthquake is one of the main causes of high-speed and long-runout landslides. Generally, the heat generated in the sliding zone is significant in such devastating landslides. In this study, we establish a two dimensional slope model which includes 0.2 million elements to simulate the development of high speed and long-runout landslides using the discrete element software MatDEM. The model not only suggests that heat is produced by friction and fracturing, but also simulates the process of tension generation in cracks and the generation of a high heat zone near the sliding region. Besides, the heat field graph indicates a banded high heat belt that is related to the location of the thickest sliding body. The logarithms of the total calorific value and the highest value in the heat zone during the sliding process are linearly related to the logarithm of the landslide height.     

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of Lily-type lectin (SmLTL) in turbot Scophthalmus maximus,and its response to Vibrio anguillarum

A full-length lily-type lectin(Sm LTL) was identified from turbot(Scophthalmus maximus) in this study. By searching database for protein identification and function prediction, Sm LTL were confirmed. The full-length c DNA of Sm LTL is composed of 569 bp and contains a 339 bp ORF that encodes 112 amino acid residues. The Sm LTL peptide is characterized by a specific β-prism architecture and contains three mannose binding sites in a three-fold internal repeat between amino acids 30–99; two of the repeats share the classical mannose binding domain(Qx Dx Nx Vx Y) while the third binding site was similar to other fish-specific binding motifs(Tx Tx Gx Rx V). The primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of Sm LTL were predicted and analyzed, indicating that the S m LTL protein was hydrophilic, contained 5.36% α-helices, 39.29% extended strands, 16.07% β-folds, and 39.29% random coils, and three β-folds. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) analysis revealed that the Sm LTL mRNA was abundantly expressed in skin, gill, and intestine. Low levels of Sm LTL expression were observed in other tissues. The expression of Sm LTL in gill, skin and intestine increased at m RNA level after stimulation of V ibrio anguillarum, our results suggest that Sm LTL serve as the first line of defence against microbial infections and play a pivotal role in the innate mucosal immune system. The current study indicates that Sm LTL is a member of the lilytype lectin family and the information reported here will provide an important foundation for future research on the role of this protein.