基于核半监督判别分析的高光谱影像特征提取

针对高光谱影像特征提取中地物类别训练样本获取代价较高的情况,在线性判别分析的基础上,结合核方法和半监督学习理论,提出了一种基于核半监督判别分析(KSDA)的高光谱影像特征提取方法。该方法同时利用少量已知类别和大量未知类别样本数据进行模型的学习和训练。通过OMIS高光谱影像数据实验表明:在少量已知类别训练样本的条件下,经KSDA特征提取的样本数据在特征空间中能更好地聚集成团,且类别之间的距离较大,增加了类别之间的可分性,得到了较高的分类精度;同时,提取的特征影像能够较好地区分各种地物类别。     

马尾松树轮不同组分稳定碳同位素的差异及其对气候变化响应的初步研究

比较了中国东南地区九岭山和九连山两地马尾松（Pinus massoniana）树轮不同组分δ¹³C对气候变化响应的敏感性,结果表明：α纤维素δ¹³C和综纤维素δ¹³C在均数方面较全木δ¹³C分别偏正1.170‰±0.168‰和1.211‰±0.121‰;3种组分δ¹³C年际变化序列显著正相关（p < 0.001）;两地生长季中晚期水分状况是制约马尾松树轮δ¹³C的主要因子,3种组分δ¹³C与此时段的气候要素相关性均达到显著水平（p<0.05）,3种组分δ¹³C对气候变化响应的敏感性没有显著差异。     

黄海冷水团声层析监测数值模拟

海洋冷水团是海洋学家关注多年的问题 ,其监测方法亟待解决。本文将简正波波数层析法用于冷水团监测 ,并对简正波波数层析用于反演黄海冷水团声速剖面进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明 ,简正波波数层析可以用于反演平均声速剖面 ,特别在监测与距离有关海洋环境的声速结构方面大有潜力。     

Palaeoceanological significance of Holocene ostracean banks in Tianjin area

On the basis of the study of ostracean banks in Tianjin area, the present study recognized that the ostracean banks at Ninghe County in Tianjin area are well developed along the west coast of the Bohai Sea; they consist of thanato-coenose and taphocoenose from Crassistrea gigars and C. revularis. From the 14C datings it can be known that the banks had formed from early Middle-Holocene and continued up to over 2 ka BP (14C age). The top has different reliefs . Although there is an effect of spatial shift of estuary position, the top is only distributed in the range of-0. 50--2. 50 m(Huanghai elevation minus National elevation system). The banks cannot explain the sea-level fluctuation. As the string ostracean banks are distributed near E-W direction, it suggests that the direction of tidal currents was then similar to that of the present day.     

海洋声学测温及声层析法

海洋声层析法作为检测海洋内部变化一有力手段，正面临着海洋声学大尺度观测新挑战。本文就海洋声传播的绝热近似；声传播时间的非线性偏移；声速剖面的线性及非线性反演等与声学大尺度观测相关的一些水声学问题的发展现状及存在问题等进行了综述性论述。文中还介绍了赫德岛预演实验等利用声层析法观测海洋内部变化的一些具体应用例     

Euclid贴近度聚类分析鉴别海面溢油

于１９８６年对我国常见的１４种油品的１９８４年８月大连湾海面溢油进行气相色谱分析，用模糊数学方法建立Ｅｕｃｌｉｄ贴近度聚类分析的海面溢油鉴别模式提出油鉴别的Ｅｕｃｌｉｄ贴近度置信水平λｉ的模糊区概念。     

Tree‐ring‐based annual precipitation reconstruction for the Hexi Corridor,NW China: consequences for climate history on and beyond the mid‐latitude Asian continent

An annual (July to June) precipitation reconstruction for the period AD 1760–2010 was developed from a Picea crassifolia regional tree‐ring chronology from two sites in the northern mountainous region of the Hexi Corridor, NW China. This reconstruction explains 52.1% of the actual precipitation variance during the period 1951 to 2010. Spatial correlations with gridded land‐surface data reveal that our reconstruction contains a strong regional precipitation signal for the Hexi Corridor and for the southern margin of the Badain Jaran Desert. Significant spectral peaks were identified at 31.9, 11.1, 8.0, 7.0, 3.2, 2.6 and 2.2 years. A large‐scale comparison indicates that our reconstruction is more consistent with climate records of a Westerly‐dominated Central Asia, and that the Westerlies have a greater impact on the precipitation in this region than the Asian summer monsoon. Our reconstructed precipitation series is significantly correlated with sea‐surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (positive), the tropical Indian Ocean (positive), the western tropical Pacific Ocean (positive), and the western North Pacific Ocean (negative). The spatial correlation patterns between our precipitation reconstruction and SSTs of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans suggest a connection between regional precipitation variations and the high‐mid‐latitude northern atmospheric circulations (Westerlies and Asian summer monsoon).     

Geomechanical modeling of hydrate‐bearing sediments during dissociation under shear

Methane hydrate‐bearing sediments exist throughout the world in continental margins and in Arctic permafrost. Hydrates are ice‐like compounds when dissociate due to temperature rise or reduction in fluid pressure, release gas. Because of the mechanical property changes caused by dissociation in which the loads supported by the hydrates are transferred to soil grains, these sediments may become unstable. To quantify the risk of ground instability triggered by dissociation, which may happen during operation to extract methane gas or from climate changes, a reliable predictive model is indispensable. Even though many models have been proposed, a detailed validation of the ability to model dissociation impact is still needed. This study investigated the adequacy of an spatially mobilized plane constitutive model and a modeling framework using laboratory‐induced dissociation tests under shear from literature. Using laboratory‐imposed temperature and pressure changes and the resulting hydrate saturation changes as input, this study was able to capture the geomechanical responses and determine the stability state of methane hydrate‐bearing sediments as observed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

盆地深部穹隆构造发育特征、成因机制及石油地质意义——以塔里木盆地顺北地区为例

塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩中广泛发育穹隆构造。为研究盆地深部穹隆构造的发育特征、成因机制及石油地质意义,基于顺北地区高精度三维地震资料,对穹隆构造开展几何学定量解析,确定其空间分布规律及内部结构样式;结合区域构造背景及盆内构造发育特征,明确其成因机制;在此基础上,结合生产动态数据探讨穹隆构造的控储—控藏作用。研究揭示：① 穹隆构造平面形态为椭圆形至近圆形,长轴主频方向为NE40°,展布趋势主频方向为NW20°,与邻近主干走滑断裂的距离呈正态分布;② 穹隆构造发育边部逆断裂和内部环形断裂,空间表现为锥体结构,其平面投影面积与隆起幅度正相关,隆起幅度自T74界面向下逐渐变小;③ 穹隆构造与走滑断裂处于同一区域应力背景下,但其与主干走滑断裂不具有成因关系,而是受控于岩浆热流体沿次级走滑断裂的垂向侵入,引起上覆地层隆起变形;④ 碳酸盐岩地层内,穹隆构造的边界逆断裂及顶部张裂缝均可作为良好的储集空间,其中“串珠体”(储集体地震响应)分布与边界逆断裂发育部位相稳合,推测为优质储集体发育部位。本研究可以深化盆地深部穹隆构造的成因认识;同时对顺北地区甚至塔里木盆地新油气目标类型的勘探评价提供指导意义。