云南天文台大气水汽含量的观测

简述了利用北京师范大学研制的ＩＲＡ－９３５型红外水气测量仪，对凤凰山上空垂直大气水汽积分含量Ｗ０的观测结果及精度。并且给出了Ｗ０的各种变化曲线，在旱季和雨季的Ｗ０分布。同时也给出了红外测水仪测得的数据Ｗ０与无线电探空资料计算得到的数据Ｗ０的比较相关。结果表明：凤凰山上空垂直大气积分水汽含量雨季平均为２．４９６ｃｍ，旱季平均为１．００３ｃｍ；Ｗ０与Ｗ’０的相关系数为０．９４２，测量误差小于５％。     

张强凹陷长北背斜生油岩有机地球化学特征

张强凹陷长北背斜侏罗系上统有沙海组和九佛堂组两套生油合系，其有机质丰度属中等，沙海组生油岩多为腐泥腐殖型．地球化学分析表明，沙海组下段的生油岩处于低熟—成熟阶段，该地区各层原油主要来源于侏罗系上统沙海组下段生油岩．     

短时强降水监测和预警技术及其在山区的应用

为提高短时强降水的监测和预警技术在山区等复杂地形中的应用,本文选取相关的探空资料分析天气背景,划分降水类型,与自动站订正技术相结合,采用Z-I分型最优化技术估测降水,利用交叉相关法对雷达反射率因子进行外推,并预测30min后的累积降水量。根据近3年的观测资料,制定出适合岳阳地区雷达反射率因子以及雷达估测降水对应的降水量级。通过与自动站雨量对比,Z-I分型最优化技术估测降水的相对误差较小;与Z-I经验公式估测降水对比分析,雷达估测降水的准确率有一定提高。经过岳阳示范区一年的实际应用表明:该方法对短时强降水的估测和预警均取得良好的效果,对强降水引起的山体滑坡等灾害具有一定的防范作用。     

Mercury pollution from artisanal mercury mining in Tongren, Guizhou, China

Concentrations of total Hg (T-Hg) were measured in mine waste, stream water, soil and moss samples collected from the Tongren area, Guizhou, China to identify potential Hg contamination to local environments, which has resulted from artisanal Hg mining. Mine waste contained high T-Hg concentrations, ranging from 1.8 to 900 mg/kg. High concentrations of Hg were also found in the leachates of mine waste, confirming that mine waste contains significant water-soluble Hg compounds. Total Hg distribution patterns in soil profiles showed that top soil is contaminated with Hg, which has been derived from atmospheric deposition. Data suggest that organic matter plays an important role in the binding and transport of Hg in soil. Elevated T-Hg concentrations (5.9–44 mg/kg) in moss samples suggest that atmospheric deposition is the dominant source of Hg to local terrestrial ecosystems. Concentrations of T-Hg were highly elevated in stream water samples, varying from 92 to 2300 ng/L. Particulate Hg in water constituted a large proportion of the T-Hg and played a major role in Hg transport. Methyl–Hg (Me–Hg) concentrations in the water samples was as high as 7.9 ng/L. Data indicate that Hg contamination is dominantly from artisanal Hg mining in the study area, but the extent of Hg contamination is dependent on the mining history and the scale of artisanal Hg mining.     

Age and emplacement of late-Variscan granites of the western Bohemian Massif with main focus on the Hauzenberg granitoids (European Variscides, Germany)

The Variscan Hauzenberg pluton consists of granite and granodiorite that intruded late- to postkinematically into HT-metamorphic rocks of the Moldanubian unit at the southwestern margin of the Bohemian Massif (Passauer Wald). U–Pb dating of zircon single-grains and monazite fractions, separated from medium- to coarse-grained biotite-muscovite granite (Hauzenberg granite II), yielded concordant ages of 320 ± 3 and 329 ± 7 Ma, interpreted as emplacement age. Zircons extracted from the younger Hauzenberg granodiorite yielded a ²⁰⁷Pb–²⁰⁶Pb mean age of 318.6 ± 4.1 Ma. The Hauzenberg granite I has not been dated. The pressure during solidification of the Hauzenberg granite II was estimated at 4.6 ± 0.6 kbar using phengite barometry on magmatic muscovite, corresponding to an emplacement depth of 16-18 km. The new data are compatible with pre-existing cooling ages of biotite and muscovite which indicate the Hauzenberg pluton to have cooled below T = 250–400 °C in Upper Carboniferous times. A compilation of age data from magmatic and metamorphic rocks of the western margin of the Bohemian Massif suggests a west- to northwestward shift of magmatism and HT/LP metamorphism with time. Both processes started at > 325 Ma within the South Bohemian Pluton and magmatism ceased at ca. 310 Ma in the Bavarian Oberpfalz. The slight different timing of HT metamorphism in northern Austria and the Bavarian Forest is interpreted as being the result of partial delamination of mantle lithosphere or removal of the thermal boundary layer.     

关于岩土工程类比法的研究

为了提高岩土工程类比法的应用水平, 有必要对工程类比法的理论依据、应用条件、可比性和可比度进行深入研究。本文还提出了可比度的概念和以影响因素分析为基础的可比度确定方法。在若干边坡工程的实际应用说明该方法可行。     

金矿物及其赋存状态

已发现的金矿物有60余种。本文将其分为七类。在附表中列有20种较常见的金矿物及其鉴定特征。金在自然界中有三种赋存状态:可见独立矿物形式;呈次显微状于载体矿物中;或以原子状态混入其他矿物。金的工业矿物以第一种赋存状态为主,它们常与黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿和石英等连生,或以其作为载体矿物。呈次显微状的金,是以粒径小于0.2um的球粒形质点,呈机械混入物状态于黄铁矿等硫化物中。     

安阳上第三系化学矿物指标显示物源区大地构造

南水北调（中线）安阳主干渠段施工过程中开挖出大量成熟度低且受近源构造影响较大的河湖相沉积岩。对现场采集的上第三系岩石样品开展了化学成分、 岩石骨架成分测试。利用Dickinson法和化学指标法, 研究得到安阳主干渠段西部物源区属于被动陆缘, 在上新世晚期向活动陆缘变化的认识。同期构造活动强烈的克什米尔N—J引水隧洞段的沉积岩, 属于岛弧和活动陆缘的大地构造背景。本文结果丰富了构造稳定和活跃区新近纪沉积构造背景认识, 可为喜马拉雅运动以来不同构造活动背景下的岩石组分和化学指标特征提供参考。     

Copper partitioning between granitic silicate melt and coexisting aqueous fluid at 850 °C and 100 MPa

Experiments on the partitioning of Cu between different granitic silicate melts and the respective coexisting aqueous fluids have been performed under conditions of 850 °C, 100 MPa and oxygen fugacity（f O₂） buffered at approaching Ni–Ni O（NNO）. Partition coefficients of Cu（DCu= cfluid/cmelt） were varied with different alumina/alkali mole ratios [Al₂O₃/（Na₂O·K₂O）, abbreviated as Al/Alk], Na/K mole ratios, and Si O₂ mole contents. The DCu increased from 1.28 ± 0.01 to 22.18 ± 0.22 with the increase of Al/Alk mole ratios（ranging from 0.64 to 1.20）and Na/K mole ratios（ranging from 0.58 to 2.56）. The experimental results also showed that DCuwas positively correlated with the HCl concentration of the starting fluid.The DCuwas independent of the Si O₂ mole content in the range of Si O₂ content considered. No DCuvalue was less than 1 in our experiments at 850 °C and 100 MPa, indicating that Cu preferred to enter the fluid phase rather than the coexisting melt phase under most conditions in the melt-fluid system, and thus a significant amount of Cu could be transported in the fluid phase in the magmatichydrothermal environment. The results indicated that Cu favored partitioning into the aqueous fluid rather than themelt phase if there was a high Na/K ratio, Na-rich, peraluminous granitic melt coexisting with the high Cl-fluid.     

结合水平集与光流的序列影像运动分割技术研究

提出一种结合变分水平集分割与变分光流的运动分割方法。该方法将光流能量函数与水平集分割能量函数进行整合形成新的运动分割能量函数,并采用变分方法进行优化。采用无人机序列影像对该运动分割方法进行实验分析,实验结果表明该方法在目标运动位移过大时,既能准确地估计出运动矢量,又能精确地分割出目标区域。