空间视角下城乡物流网络的内涵、构成要素与研究框架

地理学视角的物流网络研究已成为物流科学领域的热点方向。从地理学的空间视角出发,在明确城乡物流网络理论来源和相关概念的基础上,对城乡物流网络的内涵、构成及研究框架进行梳理。基于研究,首先给出了城乡物流网络的定义,认为城乡物流网络的本质是旧的城市物流网络和乡村物流网络在空间上的延伸、衔接和提效。其次,从空间视角将城乡物流网络分解为节点、连线和域面3要素,指出网络各要素均出现了功能强化和更新,如节点的管理、衔接和经济社会功能强化;连线的联结功能和平衡功能出现,域面的协同组织、动态调整功能突出。最后,遵循地理学“格局-过程-机理-决策”的科学逻辑,提出“数据采集与融合、要素映射与解析、时空比较与分析、机理探究与优化”4个模块的城乡物流网络分析框架,为深刻揭示城乡物流网络结构及其演化机理提供基础。进一步指出未来应探讨城乡物流节点、连线、域面及网络的地区类型、区域适宜性及要素间相互作用机制,提炼适应不同区域、能有效提升要素流通效应的多尺度空间组织模式,加强对城乡要素流通系统的科学认知,科学支撑城乡地域融合发展实践。     

Enrichment Patterns and New Discovery of Deep Lacustrine Shale Oil in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin,NE China

正Objective The Songliao Basin is located in northeastern China. The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(Fm.)(K2 qn), Yaojia Fm.(K2 y), and Nenjiang Fm.(K2 n) were deposited in its depression. The sediments are mainly continental clastic rocks. The first member of the Qingshankou Fm.(K2 qn1) in the southern Songliao Basin mainly comprises semi-deep to deep lacustrine shale of large thickness, generally 30,100 m, with wide distribution; the thickness of the shale has an average thickness of 70 m.     

Study on Sampling Rule and Simplification of LiDAR Point Cloud Based on Terrain Complexity

It is difficult to obtain digital elevation model (DEM) in the mountainous regions. As an emerging technology, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is an enabling technology. However, the amount of points obtained by LiDAR is huge. When processing LiDAR point cloud, huge data will lead to a rapid decline in data processing speed, so it is necessary to thin LiDAR point cloud. In this paper, a new terrain sampling rule had been built based on the integrated terrain complexity, and then based on the rule a LiDAR point cloud simplification method, which was referred as to TCthin, had been proposed. The TCthin method was evaluated by experiments in which XUthin and Lasthin were selected as the TCthin’s comparative methods. The TCthin’s simplification degree was estimated by the simplification rate value, and the TCthin’s simplification quality was evaluated by Root Mean Square Deviation. The experimental results show that the TCthin method can thin LiDAR point cloud effectively and improve the simplification quality, and at 5 m, 10 m, 30 m scale levels, the TCthin method has a good applicability in the areas with different terrain complexity. This study has theoretical and practical value in sampling theory, thinning LiDAR point cloud, building high-precision DEM and so on.     

高分辨率遥感影像DSM的改进半全局匹配生成方法

提出一种基于改进半全局匹配算法的高分辨率遥感影像数字表面模型（digital surface model,DSM）生成方法。首先利用影像间连接点几何约束关系对有理函数模型进行系统误差补偿,在补偿模型的基础上对影像进行分块,利用投影轨迹法逐块得到核线影像对;在密集匹配阶段,对影像建立金字塔后逐层进行半全局匹配,匹配过程中引入顾及影像纹理信息的视差图膨胀腐蚀算法约束每一层视差搜索范围,增加了视差图边缘处的有效像素数,同时减少了算法所需的内存开销和计算时间;在视差图后处理阶段,利用加权中值滤波算法保护了视差图的边缘信息;最后基于前方交会获取DSM。选取WorldView 3和资源三号立体影像进行试验,结果表明,本文方法获取的DSM精度在高程方向上接近于1.5倍GSD,并且较好地保持了地物的边缘特性,在计算效率和内存开销方面也具有较好的平衡。     

Selection and quality assessment of Landsat data for the North American forest dynamics forest history maps of the US

Using the NASA Earth Exchange platform, the North American Forest Dynamics (NAFD) project mapped forest history wall-to-wall, annually for the contiguous US (1986–2010) using the Vegetation Change Tracker algorithm. As with any effort to identify real changes in remotely sensed time-series, data gaps, shifts in seasonality, misregistration, inconsistent radiometry and cloud contamination can be sources of error. We discuss the NAFD image selection and processing stream (NISPS) that was designed to minimize these sources of error. The NISPS image quality assessments highlighted issues with the Landsat archive and metadata including inadequate georegistration, unreliability of the pre-2009 L5 cloud cover assessments algorithm, missing growing-season imagery and paucity of clear views. Assessment maps of Landsat 5–7 image quantities and qualities are presented that offer novel perspectives on the growing-season archive considered for this study. Over 150,000+ Landsat images were considered for the NAFD project. Optimally, one high quality cloud-free image in each year or a total of 12,152 images would be used. However, to accommodate data gaps and cloud/shadow contamination 23,338 images were needed. In 220 specific path-row image years no acceptable images were found resulting in data gaps in the annual national map products.     

改进的距离约束最小二乘模糊度搜索算法

针对短基线最小二乘模糊度搜索算法搜索效率低的缺点,该文提出了一种改善模糊度搜索空间以提高模糊度搜索效率的方法。最小二乘搜索算法通过基线长度范围确定模糊度搜索空间,完成模糊度的搜索和确认。距离约束的短基线模糊度搜索空间是一个空心椭球,各模糊度之间具有相关性,影响模糊度搜索效率。该文通过最小二乘去相关调整方法降低模糊度之间的相关性,减少搜索次数。实验证明,该算法的搜索效率提高了25%以上,且随着基线长度的增加,搜索效率有更多的提升。     

基于DBN的车载激光点云路侧多目标提取

提出一种基于深度信念网络（DBN）的车载激光点云路侧多目标提取方法。首先通过预处理对原始数据进行分段,并将地面和建筑物点云与路侧目标进行分离;然后利用连通分支聚类分析算法进行路侧点云聚类,并采用基于体素的归一化分割方法分割重叠点云,从而生成独立目标点云;在此基础上,生成基于多方向目标对象的二值图像并展开成二值向量作为独立目标点云的描述特征;最后构建并训练DBN,利用训练好的DBN提取行道树、车辆及杆状目标等3类路侧目标。试验采用两份不同城市道路场景的点云数据,行道树、车辆及杆状目标提取结果的准确率分别达97.31%、97.79%、92.78%,召回率分别达98.30%、98.75%和96.77%,精度分别达95.70%、93.81%和90.00%,F1值分别达97.80%、96.81%和94.73%。试验结果验证了本文的有效性。     

国外脆弱性理论模型与评估框架研究评述

目前,脆弱性研究作为一种新的研究范式已经在多学科领域中得到了广泛应用,并取得了丰硕成果.但随着研究的深入,学者们发现,由于学科背景及研究视角的差异性,不同研究领域之间存在着结论不兼容和工作重复等问题,迫切需要一个可行的理论模型与评估框架来整合其理论和实践的研究.在对脆弱性概念内涵的发展演变过程分析的基础上,对国外多学科领域中的脆弱性理论模型及评估框架进行了对比研究和评述.研究发现:脆弱性概念的泛化是制约通用脆弱性理论模型与评估框架的关键因素,结合未来脆弱性研究的发展方向,对整合的脆弱性理论模型与评估框架提出了4个方面的要求,即多时空尺度特征、多重扰动特征、耦合系统特征和人文特征.     

基于广义3S技术的森林资源经营管理系统建设

针对我国森林资源经营管理处于比较粗放的水平,将现代测绘科学与林业相结合,构建基于广义3S技术的森林资源经营管理系统。     

用CC的方法分析和解决一个常见的网络安全问题

CC导出PP的过程是一种安全评估通用语言到某类产品的具体应用过程,需要经过需求分析、得出安全目的、提出安全功能要求与安全保证要求等几个阶段。本文利用这些过程的基本方法和思想全面分析一个常见的网络安全问题,并按照保护轮廓的模式给出该网络的安全要求。