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21.
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate variability and water stress in Uttarakhand State, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ulka Kelkar Kapil Kumar Narula Ved Prakash Sharma Usha Chandna 《Global Environmental Change》2008,18(4):564
This paper presents a participatory approach to investigate vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate variability and water stress in the Lakhwar watershed in Uttarakhand State, India. Highly water stressed microwatersheds were identified by modelling surface runoff, soil moisture development, lateral runoff, and groundwater recharge. The modelling results were shared with communities in two villages, and timeline exercises were carried out to allow them to trace past developments that have impacted their lives and livelihoods, and stimulate discussion about future changes and possible adaptation interventions. 相似文献
22.
The coefficient of permeability of stratified soil deposits, when the flow is normal to the orientation of the bedding planes, has been observed to deviate from the value calculated theoretically. This deviation has been successfully explained in the past for a two-layer soil system by considering the coefficient of permeability of the exit layer as the controlling factor. The present technical note deals with the results from the study of permeability behavior of three-layer soil system. This study reinforces the point that the coefficient of permeability of a layered soil system, when the flow is normal to the orientation of the bedding planes, depends upon the relative positioning of the layers with different values of coefficient of permeability in the system. 相似文献
23.
Animesh Mandal Arkoprovo Biswas Saurabh Mittal William K. Mohanty Shashi Prakash Sharma Debashish Sengupta Joydip Sen A. K. Bhatt 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):601-606
Beldih mine at the central part of the South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ) has been reported with low grade uranium-bearing formation within quartz-magnetite-apatite host in kaolinized formation. Therefore, the present integrated geophysical study with gravity, magnetic, radiometric, very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF) and gradient resistivity profiling methods around the known mineralized zones aimed at identifying the exact geophysical signatures and lateral extent of these uranium mineralization bands. The closely spaced gravity-magnetic contours over the low to high anomaly transition zones of Bouguer, reduced-to-pole magnetic, and trend surface separated residual gravity-magnetic anomaly maps indicate the possibility of high altered zone(s) along NW-SE direction at the central part of the study area. High current density plots of VLF method and the low resistive zones in gradient resistivity study depict the coincidence with low gravity, moderately high magnetic and low resistivity anomalies at the same locations. Moderate high radioactive zones have also been observed over these locations. This also suggests the existence of radioactive mineralization over this region. Along profile P2, drilled borehole data revealed the presence of uranium mineralization at a depth of ~100 m. The vertical projection of this mineralization band also identified as low gravity, low resistivity and high magnetic anomaly zone. Thus, the application of integrated geophysical techniques supported by geological information successfully recognized the nature of geophysical signatures associated with the uranium mineralization of this region. This enhances the scope of further integrated geophysical investigations in the unexplored regions of SPSZ. 相似文献
24.
The Nature and Distribution of Particulate Matter in the Mandovi Estuary,Central West Coast of India
Pratima Mohan Kessarkar Venigalla Purnachandra Rao Ranjan Shynu Prakash Mehra Blossom E. Viegas 《Estuaries and Coasts》2010,33(1):30-44
Systematic seasonal variations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) along a 44-km transect of the Mandovi estuary reveal
that the concentrations of SPM are low at river-end stations, increase generally seaward, and are highest at sea-end stations
of the estuary. An estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) occurs at sea-end stations during June–September when river discharge
is high and also in February–May when river discharge is low. These are the two windiest times of year, the former associated
with the southwest monsoon and the latter characterized by a persistent sea breeze. The salinity vs. SPM plot shows that high
SPM is a seaward deposit and skewed landward. Suspended matter comprised of floccules, fecal pellets, and aggregates that
consist of clay and biogenic particles occur everywhere in the estuary. Diatoms are the most common and are of marine type
at the sea-end and freshwater-dominated at river-end stations of the estuary. SPM is characterized by kaolinite- and smectite-rich
clay mineral suites at the river- and sea-end stations, respectively. Smectite concentrations increase seawards with the increase
in SPM content and are not influenced by salinity. Wind-driven waves and currents and biogeochemical processes at the mouth
of estuary likely play an important role in the formation of ETM in resuspension and transformation of SPM into floccules
and aggregates and in their upkeep or removal. 相似文献
25.
Surface fires are common in coalfields where coal is mined or exposed to sunlight for long durations of time. The heat energy emitted from these fires affects the signal recorded by sensors operating in the shortwave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Landsat TM/ETM+ band-7 is sensitive to solar reflected radiation as well as emitted radiation from a target. The ‘maximum solar reflection threshold’ method proposed in this study uses the highest spectral radiance that can be attributed to solar reflection as the conservative threshold to segregate the pixels with emitted component from those with reflected component of the EM energy. Investigations with Landsat TM/ETM+ data indicate a reflectance value of 0.23–0.25 as the most representative highest reflectance (threshold) in coal mining areas. The method apparently has the advantage that it is based on the reflectance characteristics of materials (sandstone-shale mixtures) typically found in coal mining areas. 相似文献
26.
Nivedita Sanwlani Prakash Chauhan Ranganath R. Navalgund 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(4):617-626
Space-borne ocean-colour remote sensor-detected radiance is heavily contaminated by solar radiation backscattered by the atmospheric
air molecules and aerosols. Hence, the first step in ocean-colour data processing is the removal of this atmospheric contribution
from the sensor-detected radiance to enable detection of optically active oceanic constituents e.g. chlorophyll-a, suspended sediment etc. In standard atmospheric correction procedure for OCEANSAT-1 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) data, NIR
bands centered at 765 and 865 nm wavelengths were used for aerosol characterization. Due to high absorption by water molecules,
ocean surface in these two wavelengths acts as dark background, therefore, sensor detected radiance can be assumed to have
major contribution from atmospheric scattering. For coastal turbid waters this assumption of dark surface fails due to the
presence of highly scattering sediments which causes sufficient water-leaving radiance in NIR bands and lead to over-estimation
of aerosol radiance resulting in negative water leaving radiance for λ < 700 nm. In the present study, for the turbid coastal
waters in the northern Bay of Bengal, the concept of spatial homogeneity of aerosol and water leaving reflectance has been
applied to perform atmospheric correction of OCAEANSAT-1 OCM data. The results of the turbid water atmospheric correction
have also been validated using in-situ measured water-leaving radiance. Comparison of satellite derived water-leaving radiance for five coastal stations with in-situ measured radiance spectra, indicates an improvement over the standard atmospheric correction algorithm giving physically
realistic and positive values. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the in-situ measured and satellite derived water leaving radiance for wavelengths 412 nm, 443 nm, 490 nm, 512 nm and 555 nm was found
to be 1.11, 0.718, 0.575, 0.611 and 0.651%, respectively, using standard atmospheric correction procedure. By the use of spatial
homogeneity concept, this error was reduced to 0.125, 0.173, 0.176, 0.225, and 0.290 and the correlation coefficient arrived
at 0.945, which is an improvement over the standard atmospheric correction procedure. 相似文献
27.
CS Suma K Srinivasamoorthy K Saravanan S Gopinath R Prakash A Faizal Khan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(18):703
An attempt has been made in Chinnar sub basin of Dharmapuri district, South India to isolate the geochemistry of uranium occurrences in groundwater. The geology of the area is mainly of charnockite and granite gneiss. Groundwater samples were collected for two different seasons post and pre monsoon in two different litho units (granite gneiss and charnockite) and analysed for major, minor and uranium concentrations. Higher uranium (18.45 μg L?1) has been recorded during pre monsoon season in granite gneiss with increasing pH. The saturation index calculation for the groundwater isolated minerals like uaraninite, coffinite, haiweeite and soddyite to be precipitating and uranium oxides like UO2.25, UO2.25beta, UO2.33beta as oversaturated. The Eh-pH diagram attempted represents solubility of uraninite within the pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. The study isolate uranium in groundwater of the study area is controlled by the presence of (U4O9) uranium oxide. 相似文献
28.
Susheel Kumar Deo Brat Pathak Bindhyachal Pandey Anand Kumar Jaitly Jai Prakash Gautam 《Journal of Earth System Science》2018,127(8):109
The age of the marine Nodular Limestone Formation of the Bagh Group is refined at Substage level through ammonoid and inoceramid index taxa. The study is based on the fresh collections from three well-defined successive intervals (Lower Karondia, Upper Karondia and Chirakhan members) of this formation having excellent exposures in different localities of the Narmada Basin, central India. The first record of the widely distributed Turonian ammonoid genera Spathites Kummel and Decker and Collignoniceras Breistroffer from the Nodular Limestone Formation constrained its age exclusively to Turonian. The Early Turonian species Spathites (Jeanrogericeras) aff. revelieranus (Courtiller) and Mytiloides labiatus (Sclotheim) occur in the lower part, while the Middle Turonian marker Collignoniceras cf. carolinum (d’Obrbigny) and Inoceramus hobetsensis (Nagao and Matsumoto) occurs in the upper part of the Karondia Member. The record of the index species Inoceramus teshioensis (Nagao and Matsumoto) in association with Placenticeras mintoi Vredenburg from Chirakhan Member allows a definite Late Turonian age. The present contribution is an attempt to resolve the controversies in the age of the Nodular Limestone Formation and also demarcation of the three divisions (Early, Middle and Late) of the Turonian Stage in the Narmada Basin, central India. 相似文献
29.
Satya Prakash Sahu Manish Yadav Dhruti Sundar Pradhan Neha Rani Arka Jyoti Das 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(10):241
The objective of the study is to investigate spatio-temporal variations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations at seven residential sites, located in the vicinity of opencast coal projects, Basundhara Garjanbahal Area (BGA), India. Meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and temperature were collected simultaneously with PM concentrations. Mean concentrations of PM10 in the range 215 ± 169–526 ± 412 μg m?3, PM2.5 in the range of 91 ± 79–297 ± 107 μg m?3, PM1 in the range of 68 ± 60–247 ± 84 μg m?3 were obtained. Coarse fractions (PM2.5–10) varied from 27 to 58% whereas fine fractions (PM1–2.5 and PM1) varied in the range of 51–73%. PM2.5 concentration was 41–74% of PM10 concentration, PM1 concentration was 31–62% of PM10 concentration, and PM1 concentration was 73–83% of PM2.5 concentration. Role of meteorology on PM concentrations was assessed using correlation analysis. Linear relationships were established among PM concentrations using least square regression analysis. With the aid of principal component analysis, two components were drawn out of eight variables, which represent more than 75% of variance. The results indicated that major sources of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, CO, CO2) at the residential sites are road dust raised by vehicular movement, spillage of coal generated during transportation, spontaneous combustion of coal, and biomass burning in village area. 相似文献
30.
Hoang Phan Hai Yen Binh Thai Pham Tran Van Phong Duong Hai Ha Romulus Costache Hiep Van Le Huu Duy Nguyen Mahdis Amiri Nguyen Van Tao Indra Prakash 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(5):54-68
The groundwater potential map is an important tool for a sustainable water management and land use planning,particularly for agricultural countries like Vietnam. In this article, we proposed new machine learning ensemble techniques namely Ada Boost ensemble(ABLWL), Bagging ensemble(BLWL), Multi Boost ensemble(MBLWL),Rotation Forest ensemble(RFLWL) with Locally Weighted Learning(LWL) algorithm as a base classifier to build the groundwater potential map of Gia Lai province in Vietnam. For this study, eleven conditioning factors(aspect, altitude, curvature, slope, Stream Transport Index(STI), Topographic Wetness Index(TWI), soil, geology,river density, rainfall, land-use) and 134 wells yield data was used to create training(70%) and testing(30%)datasets for the development and validation of the models. Several statistical indices were used namely Positive Predictive Value(PPV), Negative Predictive Value(NPV), Sensitivity(SST), Specificity(SPF), Accuracy(ACC),Kappa, and Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC) curve to validate and compare performance of models. Results show that performance of all the models is good to very good(AUC: 0.75 to 0.829) but the ABLWL model with AUC = 0.89 is the best. All the models applied in this study can support decision-makers to streamline the management of the groundwater and to develop economy not only of specific territories but also in other regions across the world with minor changes of the input parameters. 相似文献