土的周期加载实验的研究

作者对室内土的周期加载实验进行了较全面的综述。包括实验设备、方法、结果及分析模型 ,并对以后的研究提出建议。随着海上石油的开发及海岸构筑物的建设 ,迫切需要对海底土动力学特性进行研究。掌握目前世界在这一领域的研究现状有助于在高超点上开展创新工作和解关键问题。     

复杂带状地形条件下的地面三维激光扫描点云数据采集与配准处理试验

对于多站点架设获取的地面三维扫描点云数据进行空间坐标体系的统一配准处理,是实现地表三维模型构建数据预处理的关键技术。研究围绕地面三维扫描点云数据的配准精度问题,结合试验仪器在数据采集扫描设置中的不同模式,分别设计实施了基于一定扫描重叠度的独立站点采集匹配模式,基于站点GPS坐标控制的采集匹配模式,以及基于全站仪实测站点坐标的后视法采集匹配模式等3种试验方案,开展了针对不同扫描方案下所获取点云数据的配准处理方法解析与精度对比分析。不同方案应用于具有条带状试验测区的点云数据采集与数据配准处理结果表明,相对于独立站点数据采集匹配模式,后两种数据采集模式,即采用基于仪器GPS站点坐标的扫描匹配方案和基于全站仪站点坐标的后视法方案,由于克服了与全局坐标系转换困难和对标靶的依赖等问题,而具有较高的数据采集与匹配效率,表现出明显的优势。研究试验成果可为同类型仪器的地面三维激光扫描系统的外业数据采集和点云配准提供参考指导作用。     

Mining knowledge from result comparison between spatial clustering themes

This paper introduces some definitions and defines a set of calculating indexes to facilitate the research, and then presents an algorithm to complete the spatial clustering result comparison between different clustering themes. The research shows that some valuable spatial correlation patterns can be further found from the clustering result comparison with multi-themes, based on traditional spatial clustering as the first step. Those patterns can tell us what relations those themes have, and thus will help us have a deeper understanding of the studied spatial entities. An example is also given to demonstrate the principle and process of the method.     

主题公园声景观优化研究——以常州中华恐龙城为例

声景观是旅游景观研究的新领域,声景观的设计思想为景观研究与开发提供了新的理念.以常州中华恐龙城为例,研究游客对主题公园声景观的舒适度感知.研究发现,游客的声舒适度受到声音客观参数和主观感知的影响,当声景观音量处于特定阈值内时,游客声舒适度体验最为满意,同时游客对能够传递主题公园文化内涵的声音元素最为敏感.在此基础上,运用正设计、负设计和零设计的方法,提出了主题公园声景观优化设计的思路.     

Effect of tidal stress on fault nucleation and failure of the 2007 Ms6.4 Ning’er earthquake

Based on calculations of the tidal Coulomb failure stress and investigations of the correlation between the Earth tide and the Ning’er earthquake sequence, the processes of fault nucleation and failure were simulated. In these simulations we consider the influence of tidal stresses using the rate- and state-dependent friction laws. Furthermore, the effects on tidal triggering due to the stress amplitude and periodic oscillation properties were investigated, and the triggering effects between the tidal normal and tidal shear stresses were compared. The results showed that the Ning’er earthquake sequence was a physical consequence of tidal effects. A transition period T₀ exists between the nucleation and failure processes of a seismic fault. When the period T of stress is equal to or becomes larger than T₀, the fault response becomes dependent on the periodic features of the loading stress; however, for T < T₀, the response of the fault is nearly independent of the period. Both the tidal normal and tidal shear stresses have similar effect in the nucleation and failure processes; the clock changes generally increase with the maximum amplitudes of the tidal stresses. Tidal normal and tidal shear stresses with positive amplitudes mainly induce earthquake triggering; however, the triggering effects induced by negative tidal stresses are smaller and faults are not sensitive to negative tidal stresses. Our results primarily reveal the physical mechanisms of tidal stress triggering.     

中蒙俄经济走廊地质矿产特征及找矿潜力

通过总结中蒙俄经济走廊产出的198个大型-超大型（或代表性）矿床的产出环境、地质特征和矿产类型,以及走廊腹地矿产资源的分布规律和找矿潜力认为,中蒙俄经济走廊可划分为中朝成矿段、乌拉尔-蒙古成矿段、西伯利亚成矿段和欧洲成矿段。其中,中朝和乌拉尔-蒙古成矿段以产出大型-超大型铜-金、银、铅锌和锡矿床为特征,欧洲段以镍-铜、铁、金和铅-锌矿床（点）为特征,西伯利亚成矿段则以富产镍-铜-铂族元素和铌多金属及金刚石矿床为特征。太古宙-新生代,该区不同构造单元经历了6次主要的构造演化及成矿时期,主要有前寒武纪的BIF型铁矿、加里东期的斑岩型铜-金、岩浆型钒钛磁铁矿和古老与侵入体有关的热液脉型金矿、华力西期的钨-锡多金属矿化、中生代金、银-铅-锌、钨锡等多金属的成矿大爆发、新生代岩浆热液矿床。走廊中东部优势矿种为铜、钼、金、银、铅-锌和金刚石,主攻矿床类型为斑岩型、热液脉型、低硫化浅成低温热液型、冲积型、海相火山岩型;西部优势矿种则为铁-铜、镍-铜、铅-锌,主攻矿床为IOCG型、斑岩型和热液脉型。     

Nuclear field shift effects on stable isotope fractionation: a review

An anomalous isotope effect exists in many heavy element isotope systems (e.g., Sr, Gd, Zn, U). This effect used to be called the “odd–even isotope effect” because the odd mass number isotopes behave differently from the even mass number isotopes. This mass-independent isotope fractionation driving force, which originates from the difference in the ground-state electronic energies caused by differences in nuclear size and shape, is currently denoted as the nuclear field shift effect (NFSE). It is found that the NFSE can drive isotope fractionation of some heavy elements (e.g., Hg, Tl, U) to an astonishing degree, far more than the magnitude caused by the conventional mass-dependent effect (MDE). For light elements, the MDE is the dominant factor in isotope fractionation, while the NFSE is neglectable. Furthermore, the MDE and the NFSE both decrease as temperatures increase, though at different rates. The MDE decreases rapidly with a factor of 1/T², while the NFSE decreases slowly with a factor of 1/T. As a result, even at high temperatures, the NFSE is still significant for many heavy element isotope systems. In this review paper, we begin with an introduction of the basic concept of the NSFE, including its history and recent progress, and follow with the potential implications of the inclusion of the NFSE into the kinetic isotope fractionation effect (KIE) and heavy isotope geochronology.     

Expression and enzymatic characterization of a cold-adapted β-agarase from Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp.NJ21

An agar-degrading bacterium,designated as Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ21,was isolated from an Antarctic sediment sample. The agarase gene a ga1161 from Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ21 consisting of a 2 382-bp coding region was cloned. The gene encodes a 793-amino acids protein and was found to possess characteristic features of the Glyco_hydro_42 family. The recombinant agarase(r Aga1161) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified as a fusion protein. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that the optimum temperature and pH for the purified recombinant agarase were 30–40°C and 8.0,respectively. rAga1161 was found to maintain as much as 80% of its maximum activity at 10°C,which is typical of a coldadapted enzyme. The pattern of agar hydrolysis demonstrated that the enzyme is an β-agarase,producing neoagarobiose(NA2) as the final main product. Furthermore,this work is the first proof of an agarolytic activity in Antarctic bacteria and these results indicate the potential for the Antarctic agarase as a catalyst in medicine,food and cosmetic industries.     

油源断裂输导油气通道演化形式的研究方法及其应用

为了研究含油气盆地下生上储式油源断裂附近油气分布规律,在不同时期油源断裂输导油气通道及影响因素研究的基础上,通过确定油源断裂伴生裂缝可能发育部位和地层脆性发育部位,识别其活动期输导油气通道。通过断裂填充物泥质含量和填充物输导油气所需的最小泥质含量,识别其停止活动后输导油气通道,二者结合建立了一套油源断裂输导油气通道演化形式的研究方法,并将其应用于渤海湾盆地冀中坳馅廊固凹陷大柳泉地区旧州断裂在沙三中-下亚段内输导油气通道演化形式的研究中,结果表明：旧州断裂在沙三中-下亚段内共发育4种输导通道演化形式,其中一直输导通道演化形式仅分布在F₁断裂东部局部和F₈断裂的东部端部;先输导后不输导通道演化形式主要分布在F₇断裂西部、F₈断裂中西部及东部和F₉断裂处;先不输导后输导通道演化形式主要分布在除东部局部的F₁断裂、F₇断裂的中东部;一直不输导通道演化形式主要分布在F₇断裂中部、F₇断裂和F₈断裂交界处及F₈断裂东部。一直输导和先输导后不输导通道演化形式分布处或附近应是沙三中-下亚段油气成藏的有利部位,与目前旧州断裂附近沙三中-下亚段已发现油气分布相吻合,表明该方法用于研究油源断裂输导油气通道演化形式是可行的。