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301.
Paweł Zieliński Robert J. Sokołowski Stanisław Fedorowicz Iwan Zaleski 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(3):712-721
The nature of permafrost and related environmental conditions in the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial and Lateglacial are reconstructed based on the assessment of frost structures that are best documented in the Loess Belt and in plateau areas composed of glacial till. Investigations were conducted in the central‐eastern part of the European Sand Belt (SE Poland and NW Ukraine) on a fluvio‐aeolian sedimentary succession and took into account its chronological context given by luminescence dating. Various generations of periglacial structures found in these deposits indicate not only the development of permafrost (ice‐wedge pseudomorphs) and decreased humidity (composite wedge casts) but also the degradation of permafrost (large‐scale involutions) and, finally, the establishment of deep seasonal frost (frost cracks). The diversity of structures in the study region appears to result from local conditions rather than increasing continentality of climate towards the east. 相似文献
302.
Adamiec-Wójcik Iwona Brzozowska Lucyna Drąg Łukasz Wojciech Stanisław 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2022,184(3):423-440
Boundary-Layer Meteorology - Space–time correlations are fundamental to statistical theories and turbulence modelling. However, experimental studies of space–time correlations are often... 相似文献
303.
Dorman Clive E. Hoch Sebastian W. Gultepe Ismail Wang Qing Yamaguchi Ryan T. Fernando H. J. S. Krishnamurthy Raghavendra 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2021,181(2-3):171-202
Boundary-Layer Meteorology - The goal of this work is to summarize synoptic meteorological conditions during the Coastal Fog (C-FOG) field project that took place onshore and offshore of the Avalon... 相似文献
304.
Zdzisław M. Migaszewski Agnieszka Gałuszka Artur Michalik Sabina Dołęgowska Andrzej Migaszewski Stanisław Hałas Andrzej Trembaczowski 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2013,19(4):261-280
The paper presents the results of determinations of stable S and O isotopes of dissolved sulfates and O and H stable isotopes of waters from three ponds, that is, Marczakowe Do?y acid pond, Marczakowe Do?y fish pond and Podwi?niówka acid pit pond, located in the Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland). The δ34SV-CDT and δ18OV-SMOW of SO4 2? in waters of three ponds (n = 14) varied from ?16.2 to ?9.5 ‰ (mean of ?13.6 ‰) and from ?8.1 to ?3.2 ‰ (mean of ?4.8 ‰), respectively. The mean δ34S–SO4 2? values were closer to those of pyrite (mean of ?25.4 ‰) and efflorescent sulfate salts (mean of ?25.6 ‰), recorded previously in the Podwi?niówka quarry, than to sulfates derived from other anthropogenic or soil and bedrock sources. The SO4 2? ions formed by bacterially induced pyrite oxidation combined with bacterial (dissimilatory) dissolved sulfate reduction, and presumably with subordinate mineralization of carbon-bonded sulfur compounds, especially in both Marczakowe Do?y ponds. In addition, the comparison of δ18O–SO4 2? and δ18O–H2O values indicated that 75–100 % of sulfate oxygen was derived from water. Due to the largest size, the Podwi?niówka acid pit pond revealed distinct seasonal variations in both δ18O–H2O (?9.2 to ?1.6) and δD–H2O (?29.7 to ?71.3) values. The strong correlation coefficient (r 2 = 0.99) was noted between δ18O–H2O and δD–H2O values, which points to atmospheric precipitation as the only source of water. The sediments of both acid ponds display different mineral inventory: the Marczakowe Do?y acid pond sediment consists of schwertmannite and goethite, whereas Podwi?niówka acid pit pond sediment is composed of quartz, illite, chlorite and kaolinite with some admixture of jarosite reflecting a more acidic environment. Geochemical modeling of two acid ponds indicated that the saturation indices of schwertmannite and nanosized ε-Fe2O3 (Fe3+ oxide polymorph) were closest to thermodynamic equilibrium state with water, varying from ?1.44 to 3.05 and from ?3.42 to 6.04, respectively. This evidence matches well with the obtained mineralogical results. 相似文献
305.
306.
Spotless days (i.e., days when no sunspots are observed on the Sun) occur during the interval between the declining phase of the old sunspot
cycle and the rising phase of the new sunspot cycle, being greatest in number and of longest continuous length near a new
cycle minimum. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the longest spotless segment (LSS) and examine its statistical relation
to selected characteristic points in the sunspot time series (STS), such as the occurrences of first spotless day and sunspot
maximum. The analysis has revealed statistically significant relations that appear to be of predictive value. For example,
for Cycle 24 the last spotless day during its rising phase should be about August 2012 (± 9.1 months), the daily maximum sunspot
number should be about 227 (± 50; occurring about January 2014±9.5 months), and the maximum Gaussian smoothed sunspot number
should be about 87 (± 25; occurring about July 2014). Using the Gaussian-filtered values, slightly earlier dates of August
2011 and March 2013 are indicated for the last spotless day and sunspot maximum for Cycle 24, respectively. 相似文献
307.
Sebastian E. Lauro Elisabetta Mattei Francesco Soldovieri Elena Pettinelli Roberto Orosei Giuliano Vannaroni 《Icarus》2012,219(1):458-467
An electromagnetic inversion model has been applied to echoes from the subsurface sounding Shallow Radar (SHARAD) to retrieve the dielectric properties of the uppermost Basal Unit (BU) beneath the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars. SHARAD data have been carefully selected to satisfy the assumption of the inversion model which requires a stratigraphy consisting of mostly plane parallel layers. The resulting values of the dielectric constant have been interpreted in terms of a variable percentage of dust in an ice–dust mixture through the use of a mixing model for dielectric properties. The resulting dust content exceeds 65%, reaching perhaps 95%, depending on the permittivity values assumed for the dust. Such a concentration is higher than that obtained by Selvans et al. (Selvans, M.M., Plaut, J.J., Aharonson, O. [2010]. J. Geophys. Res, 115, E09003). This discrepancy could be justified considering that our observations refer to the uppermost BU layer, whereas Selvans et al. (Selvans, M.M., Plaut, J.J., Aharonson, O. [2010]. J. Geophys. Res, 115, E09003) probed the BU full thickness. Moreover, if the BU is considered spatially inhomogeneous, with very different dust content and thickness (Tanaka, K.L., Skinner, J.A., Fortezzo, C.M., Herkenhoff, K.E., Rodriguez, J.A.P., Bourke, M.C., Kolb, E.J., Okubo, C.H. [2008]. Icarus, 196, 318–358), the discrepancy could be furtherly reconciled. 相似文献
308.
Environmental and land use factors affecting phosphate hysteresis patterns of stream water during flood events (Carpathian Foothills,Poland) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Flood events play a substantial role in the circulation of catchment phosphate (PO43?). The purpose of the research was to analyze the factors determining PO43? hysteresis patterns (direction and width) during four types of floods: short and long rainfall floods and snowmelt floods on frozen and thawed soil. The research took place in small catchments (forested, agricultural, mixed‐use) in the Carpathian Foothills in Poland. Anticlockwise hysteresis was identified in the forested catchment during short and long rainfall floods. Under the same conditions, the clockwise direction was observed in the agricultural catchment. In the mixed‐use catchment, the direction of PO43? hysteresis loops was various, driven by the share of water flowing from each part of the catchment. For snowmelt floods, the PO43? hysteresis pattern was similar in all the streams studied (usually clockwise). The direction of PO43? hysteresis loops depends on water circulation patterns, which are determined by the different influx times of particular runoff components. The stream recharge mechanism during a flood event is affected both by the factor initiating the event (precipitation, snowmelt) as well as by land use in the given catchment. Hysteresis loop width was determined by the pool of PO43? in a given catchment during the time period immediately preceding a flood event as well as by the quantity of PO43? flushed out of the soil. The greater a catchment's pool of PO43? and the greater its ability to flush PO43? out of the soil and into surface flow, the wider the hysteresis loops. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
309.
Mieczysław Ostojski 《Acta Geophysica》2013,61(3):690-705
This paper presents an application of hydrological and hydraulic models for transferring instantaneous discharges from a water gauge station to budgeting sites on rivers. Calculations were done using the following models: MIKE NAM rainfall-runoff model and a hydrodynamic MIKE 11 HD model. The simulations were carried out for the catchment of Warta River and its tributaries for the multiyear period 1999–2009. 相似文献
310.
Stanisław Lasocki 《Acta Geophysica》2013,61(5):1130-1155
Ground motion database from the region of ?elazny Most tailings pond, the largest in Europe ore-flotation waste repository, is used to identify ground motion prediction equations (GMPE-s) for peak horizontal and peak vertical acceleration. A GMPE model including both geometrical spreading and anelastic damping terms cannot be correctly identified and the model with only spreading term is accepted. The analysis of variance of this model’s residuals with station location as grouping variable indicates that station locations contribute significantly to the observed ground motion variability. Therefore, a site specific GMPE model with relative site amplifications is assessed. Despite short distances among stations, the amplification considerably vary from point to point, up to 1.8 times for the horizontal and 3.5 times for the vertical peak amplitude. The model including site effects enhances GMPE-s fit to observations, explains more than 60% dependent variables variability and correctly accounts for site effects. 相似文献