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991.
N. S. Krishnamurthy V. Ananda Rao Dewashish Kumar K. K. K. Singh Shakeel Ahmed 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(5):639-650
Exploration and exploitation of coal seams is one of the major resources for the energy sector in any country but at the same
time water filled voids/water logged areas in the old workings of these seams are very critical problems for the coal mining
industry. In such situations, disasters like inundation, landslides, collapsing of the old seams may occur. In this regard,
it is necessary to find out the water saturated/water filled voids and zones in the mining areas. Since no established technique
is available to find such zones, an experimental study using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) has been carried out in
one of the coal mining areas near Dhanbad, to find out the feasibility of finding the barrier thickness and the water logged
area in underground coal mines. The area under study forms part of Jharia coalfield in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand state.
The coal bearing rocks of Barakar Formation of Lower Permian age (Gondwana period) occur in the area under a thin cover (10
m to15 m) of soil and or alluvium. Coal bearing Barakar Formations consist mainly of sandstone of varying grain size, intercalation
of shale and sandstone, grey and carbonaceous-shale and coal seams.
Since the water saturation reduces the resistivity of a formation to a large extent, water filled voids and old coal workings
are expected to have significant resistivity contrast with the surrounding host rock. Hence, ERI technique was applied in
such an environment as this technique uses high-density data acquisition both laterally and vertically by using multiple number
of electrodes. Along with ERI, mise-à-la-masse (also called charged body) technique was also employed at one of the promising
sites to find out the connectivity of water logged areas and also detection of these old workings from the surface measurements
was analyzed. The interpreted 2D resistivity sections have clearly indicated the water bearing zone(s) along the profile which
was well confirmed with the existing water level in the nearby borewells. On the other hand, this technique did not identify
the size of the coal pillar and gallery (air filled voids), which might be due to the small size of the voids (i.e. about
2 m × 2 m) below a depth of 15m and more but have indicated altogether as a high resistive zone ranging from 600–1000 Ohm-m. 相似文献
992.
The Urban Seismic Risk index (USRi) published in a previous article (Carreño et al., Nat Hazards 40:137–172, 2007) is a composite indicator that measures risk from an integrated perspective and guides decision-making for identifying the main interdisciplinary factors of vulnerability to be reduced or intervened. The first step of the method is the evaluation of the potential physical damage (hard approach) as a result of the convolution of the seismic hazard with the physical vulnerability of buildings and infrastructure. Subsequently, a set of social context conditions that aggravate the physical effects is also considered (soft approach). According to this procedure, the physical risk index is evaluated for each unit of analysis from existing loss scenarios, whereas the total risk index is obtained by multiplying the former index by an impact factor using an aggravating coefficient, based on variables associated with the socio-economic conditions of each unit of analysis. The USRi has been developed using the underlying holistic and multi-hazard approach of the Urban Risk Index framework proposed for the evaluation of disaster risk in different megacities worldwide. This article presents the sensitivity analysis of the index to different parameters such as input data, weights and transformation functions used for the scaling or normalization of variables. This analysis has been performed using the Monte Carlo simulation to validate the robustness of this composite indicator, understanding as robustness how the cities maintain the ranking as well as predefined risk level ranges, when compared with the deterministic results of risk. Results are shown for different cities of the world. 相似文献
993.
Rajesh Sharma Prabha Joshi P. D. Pant 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(2):237-248
Talc deposits of Rema area in the Kumaun Inner Lesser Himalaya are hosted within high magnesium carbonates of the Proterozoic
Deoban Formation. These deposits occur as irregular patches or pockets mainly within magnesite bodies, along with impurities
of magnesite, dolomite and clinochlore. Textures represent different phases of reactions between magnesite and silica to produce
talc. Petrography, XRD and geochemistry reveal that the talc has primarily developed at the expense of magnesite and silica,
leaving dolomite largely un-reacted. Early fluid inclusions in magnesite and dolomite associated with talc are filled with
H2O+NaCl+KCl ± MgCl2 ± CaCl2 fluids, which represent basin fluid system during diagenesis of carbonates. Their varied degree of re-equilibration was although
not pervasive but points to increased burial, and hence requires careful interpretation. H2O-CO2 fluid with XCO2 between 0.06 and 0.12 was equilibrated with talc formation. The reaction dolomite+quartz → talc was not extensive because
T-XCO2 was not favourable, and talc was developed principally after magnesite+quartz. 相似文献
994.
The Jönköping Anorthositic Suite (JAS) in S. Sweden has characteristics typical for (Proterozoic) massif-type anorthosites. The interstitial liquid of these plagioclase-porphyritic rocks solidified at 1,455 ± 6 Ma, as determined by U–Pb isotope analysis of baddeleyite. The JAS developed during a regional 1.47–1.44 event in Fennoscandia that generated widespread mafic magmatism (basalts, and diabase dykes and sills) in the north and emplacement of felsic plutons in the south. The event of 1.47–1.44 Ga magmatism in Fennoscandia largely coincides in age with dynamic high-grade metamorphism in SW Sweden and was probably related to convergent active-margin processes during the Danopolonian orogeny. 相似文献
995.
Filiz Bilgili Hans-Jürgen Götze Roman Pašteka Sabine Schmidt Ron Hackney 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(3):571-583
An unsolved problem of regional importance for both the evolution and structure of the Northwest German Basin is the existence
or non-existence of the so-called Bramsche Massif. Explaining the nature of this massif and the cause of a related strong,
positive Bouguer anomaly (Bramsche Anomaly) is critical. In the study described here, we tested an existing “intrusion model”
against a newer “inversion model” in the southern Northwest German Basin. In the intrusion model, the strongly-positive Bouguer
anomaly represents the gravity effect of an intrusion at depths between 6 and 10 km. More recent interpretations invoke tectonic
inversion rather than intrusion to explain increased burial and the low level of hydrocarbon maturity found in boreholes.
We tested these different interpretations by constructing 3D forward density models to 15 km depth. The intrusion model was
updated and adjusted to incorporate recent data and we also modelled pre-Zechstein structures using different scenarios. The
final model has a very good fit between measured and modelled gravity fields. Based on currently available seismic and structural
models, as well as borehole density measurements, we show that the positive Bouguer anomaly cannot be modeled without a high-density,
intrusive-like body at depth. However, further in-sight into the crustal structures of the Bramsche region requires more detailed
investigations.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
996.
Forecasting of groundwater level in hard rock region using artificial neural network 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In hardrock terrain where seasonal streams are not perennial source of freshwater, increase in ground water exploitation has
already resulted here in declining ground water levels and deteriorating its’ quality. The aquifer system has shown signs
of depletion and quality contamination. Thus, to secure water for the future, water resource estimation and management has
urgently become the need of the hour. In order to manage groundwater resources, it is vital to have a tool to predict the
aquifer response for a given stress (abstraction and recharge). Artificial neural network (ANN) has surfaced as a proven and
potential methodology to forecast the groundwater levels. In this paper, Feed-Forward Network based ANN model is used as a
method to predict the groundwater levels. The models are trained with the inputs collected from field and then used as prediction
tool for various scenarios of stress on aquifer. Such predictions help in developing better strategies for sustainable development
of groundwater resources. 相似文献
997.
André Francisco Pilon 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(2):337-345
For the diagnosis and prognosis of the problems of quality of life, a multidisciplinary ecosystemic approach encompasses four
dimensions of being-in-the-world, as donors and recipients: intimate, interactive, social and biophysical. Social, cultural
and environmental vulnerabilities are understood and dealt with, in different circumstances of space and time, as the conjugated
effect of all dimensions of being-in-the-world, as they induce the events (deficits and assets), cope with consequences (desired
or undesired) and contribute for change. Instead of fragmented and reduced representations of reality, diagnosis and prognosis
of cultural, educational, environmental and health problems considers the connections (assets) and ruptures (deficits) between
the different dimensions, providing a planning model to develop and evaluate research, teaching programmes, public policies
and field projects. The methodology is participatory, experiential and reflexive; heuristic-hermeneutic processes unveil cultural
and epistemic paradigms that orient subject-object relationships; giving people the opportunity to reflect on their own realities,
engage in new experiences and find new ways to live better in a better world. The proposal is a creative model for thought
and practice, providing many opportunities for discussion, debate and development of holistic projects integrating different
scientific domains (social sciences, psychology, education, philosophy, etc.).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
André Francisco PilonEmail: |
998.
An extension to the DRASTIC model is proposed in order to assess aquifer vulnerability to pollution. In contrast to the DRASTIC
model, which considers the unsaturated and saturated zones together and computes a global intrinsic vulnerability index, the
suggested approach discriminates between the aquifer vertical vulnerability (a concept related to the pollutant percolation)
and the groundwater susceptibility (a concept that depends on the behaviour and uses of the groundwater). This approach is
applied to the Haouz aquifer (Morocco) that supplies water to the Marrakech area. This aquifer is widely overexploited and
there is evidence that the groundwater quality is threatened by various sources of pollution. Evaluation of the vertical vulnerability
indicates that the aquifer mainly presents a moderate-to-weak vertical vulnerability. The zones potentially most favourable
to pollutant percolation are mainly located in Central Haouz, along or near the surface wadis. The aquifer susceptibility
is high in places located near the N’Fis, Baaja and Issil wadis. Everywhere else, low-to-moderate susceptibility is observed.
This new approach therefore enables areas of vertical vulnerability and areas of susceptibility to be delineated separately.
As a result, it constitutes a valuable decision-making tool for optimising the management of aquifer water resources and land-use
planning. 相似文献
999.
Giorgio Hadi Curti 《GeoJournal》2009,74(3):201-208
Ostensibly, subtitles in films serve as linguistic approximations of meaning. Expectedly then, much of the debate surrounding
subtitling has been concerned with representational accuracy, fidelity and authenticity. In this article I argue that by encountering
subtitles as affective bodily expressions, as opposed to approximate representations of pre-existent meanings or intentions,
filmic experiences may be(come) transformed and differently transformational. As a result, meaning and accuracy in subtitles
as superimposed signifiers or static representations become secondary to subtitles as spatially affective- and expressive-movements
intimately part of filmic scapes. The creative use of subtitling in Bekmambetov’s Russian language film Night Watch (Nochnoy dozor; 2006 [2004]) is discussed.
相似文献
Giorgio Hadi CurtiEmail: |
1000.
The impact of increased temperature on the Third Pole, as the Himalayas is referred to, and the likely cascading impacts on the general downstream hydrology have been widely noted. However, the impact on fluvial geomorphology has not received specific attention. Change in the glacial domain in terms of melt increase will change discharge and sediment flux into fluvial system, which will induce changes in fluvial processes and forms. The present work attempts to study this process-based glacio-fluvial coupling in the two neighbouring glaciated river basins in the Northwest Himalaya, viz., the Sutlej and the Yamuna river basins till the mountain front. A total of 194 samples of river, tributary and groundwater of pre- and post-monsoon seasons in the two river basins were analysed for stable isotopes. The trend of δ18O and electrical conductivity along the mainstream gives qualitative idea on the influence of headwaters in the downstream of the catchment thereby allowing inference on melt contribution. Further, two component mixing model using stable oxygen isotope of two seasons water samples showed that melt contributes about 41.1–66.8 and 6.6–10.6% at different points to the total river discharge in the Sutlej and the Tons River (the glaciated, major tributary of the Yamuna River) basins, respectively. For different scenarios of increase in melt, stream power increase in the Sutlej River basin is significant as opposed to the Tons River. River channel in the Sutlej River basin will be significantly more impacted in comparison with the Yamuna River system. 相似文献