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71.
Satoshi Kanisawa 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1969,20(2):164-176
The mineralogy and petrochemistry of the garnet-amphibolites from the highgrade part of the Abukuma metamorphic belt have been studied, using five analyses of rocks, five of hornblendes, three of garnets and one analysis of cummingtonite, Garnetiferous amphibolites are rich in Fe, whereas non-garnetiferous ones are rich in Mg, especially in cummingtonite-amphibolite. The chemical composition of hornblendes associated with garnet is pargasitic and rich in FeO and poor in CaO, but that of non-garnetiferous rocks is rich in MgO. The garnets are rich in almandine molecule. Mg/Mg + Fe2+ ratios of both hornblendes and garnets correspond with those of the host rocks. The development of garnet in the Adirondack metabasites belonging to the upper almandine-amphibolite and granulite facies is observed in Mg-rich rocks as well as in Fe-rich rocks, in which both garnet and hornblende are rich in Mg respectively. However, under the conditions of the andalusite-sillimanite type metamorphism as shown in the Abukuma Plateau, Fe-rich garnet occurs in Fe-rich basic rocks, but cummingtonite occurs in Mg-rich ones instead of Mg-rich garnet. Finally, the problem of polymetamorphism is discussed. The cummingtonite-amphibolite may be the product of polymetamorphism, and Mg-rich garnet which had been present previously was decomposed to cummingtonite and plagioclase by the subsequent regional metamorphism of andalusite-sillimanite type. 相似文献
72.
Overview of the MITI Nankai Trough Wells: A Milestone in the Evaluation of Methane Hydrate Resources 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Yoshihiro Tsuji Hisashi Ishida Masaru Nakamizu Ryo Matsumoto Satoshi Shimizu 《Resource Geology》2004,54(1):3-10
Abstract. Bottom-simulating reflectors suggestive of the presence of methane hydrates are widely distributed below the ocean floor around Japan. In late 1999, drilling of the MITI Nankai Trough wells was conducted to explore this potential methane hydrate resource and a Tertiary conventional structure. The wells are located in the Northwest Pacific Ocean off Central Japan at a water depth of 945 m. A total of six wells were drilled, including the main well, two pilot wells, and three post survey wells at intervals of 10–100 m. All wells except the first confirmed the occurrence of hydrates based on logging-while-drilling, wire-line logging and/or coring using a pressure and temperature coring system in addition to conventional methods. Based on the various well profiles, four methane hydrate-bearing sand-rich intervals in turbidite fan deposits were recognized. Methane hydrates fill the pore spaces in these deposits, reaching saturation of up to 80 % in some layers. The methane hydrate-bearing turbiditic sand layers are less than 1 m thick, with a total thickness of 12–14 m. The bottom depth of high hydrate concentration correlates well with the depth of the bottom-simulating reflector. Based on these exploration results, the Japanese government inaugurated a 16-year methane hydrate exploitation program in 2001. 相似文献
73.
Nanoscale occurrence of Pb in an Archean zircon 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Satoshi Utsunomiya John W. Valley Simon A. Wilde 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(22):4679-4686
We report, for the first time, a direct, atomic-scale characterization of Pb in zircon (4.4-3.1 Ga) from the early Archean Yilgarn craton in Australia using high-resolution HAADF-STEM. Two forms of Pb have been identified: Pb concentrated at ∼3 atom% as a nanoscale patch in zircon structure, and Pb concentrated within the amorphous domain created by fission fragment damage. The first result suggests that the Pb atoms directly substitute for Zr4+ in the zircon structure, and the latter observation demonstrates that Pb diffusion can occur through amorphous regions created by radiation damage, although volume diffusion is typically considered to be the dominant mechanism for Pb diffusion. Beyond the first percolation point, i.e., when the amorphous domains overlap and form a fully interconnected network of amorphous domains, there is a new pathway for the diffusion of Pb that is faster than volume diffusion through crystalline zircon. 相似文献
74.
Abstract. Numerous bedded manganese deposits sporadically distributed throughout the Tamba district, southwestern Japan are intercalated within chert sequence. It is well known that radiolarian remains are commonly included in both bedded manganese deposits and host cherts. The Gen‐otani mine, one of these deposits, is located at Otani, Keihoku‐Shimonaka, northern Kyoto City. Chemical composition and age of the chert sequence at the mine were examined. Mainly according to SiO2 and MnO contents together with lithology, the chert sequence is divided into three sections; lower massive chert, middle bedded manganese deposit and upper bedded chert sections. Radiolarian faunas consisting of middle Jurassic species such as Eucyrtidiellum unumaense, Dictyomitrella(?) kamoensis, Parvicingula dhimenaensis, Sethocapsa aitai, Sethocapsa kodrai, Transhsuum brevicostatum, Tricolocapsa plicarum, Unuma echinatus and others were extracted from both the middle manganese section and overlying bedded chert of the upper section. This examination reveals that the bedded manganese deposit at the Gen‐otani mine formed until Bajocian to early Bathonian (middle Middle Jurassic) in age. 相似文献
75.
Magnesite, siderite and dolomite are characteristic alteration minerals occurring in Miocene hanging wall rocks of dacitic
composition which host the Kuroko orebodies. These carbonates generally occur in a more stratigraphically upper horizon than
chlorite alteration zone surrounding the orebodies. The Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios of the carbonates decrease from the central alteration
zone to marginal zone. The Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios of carbonates and chlorite positively correlate. The δ18O and δ13C values of magnesite, siderite and dolomite positively correlate with each other and lie between the igneous and marine carbonate
values. The petrographic, isotopic and fluid inclusion characteristics and thermochemical modelling calculations indicate
that magnesite and dolomite formed in the central zone close to the orebodies due to the interaction of hydrothermal solutions
with the biogenic marine carbonates. Calcite formed further from the orebodies from hydrothermal fluids which did not contain
a biogenic marine carbon component. The compositional and textural relationships indicate that superimposed alterations (chlorite
alteration and carbonate alteration) occurred in hanging wall rocks. The mode of occurrences and the Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios of
magnesite and dolomite occurring in hanging wallrocks are useful in the exploration for concealed volcanogenic massive sulfide-sulfate
deposits.
Received: 9 September 1997 / Accepted: 23 September 1997 相似文献
76.
Z. Peng M. Watanabe K. Hoshino S. Sueoka T. Yano H. Nishido 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,63(1-2):95-117
Summary The Machangqing copper-molybdenum deposits occur in the Shanjian fold belt, Yunnan Province, China. Two types of ores are distinguished: (1) Cu-Mo quartz veinlets in magnetite-series granite porphyry; and (2) Cu-Mo skarns occurring at the contact between the Ordovician sedimentary sequence and the granite porphyry. With decreasing temperature and
of hydrothermal fluids initially in equilibrium with K-feldspar, the following alteration patterns developed within the porphyry, from the center outwards: silicification, K-silicate, phyllic and argillic alteration. The paragenetic sequence of alteration minerals observed in the Cu-Mo skarns resulted from decreasing temperature and/or increasing
of the hydrothermal fluids initially in equilibrium with grandite garnet. Fluid inclusions in quartz suggest boiling during the mineralization. The mineralization temperatures based on filling temperatures and salinities of quartz are in the following ranges: about 265° to 400 °C and 5.0 to 14.6 wt.% NaCl eq. for the Cu-Mo veinlets; and 200° to 500 °C and 10.2 to 42.0 wt.% NaCl eq. for the Cu-Mo skarns. As is evident from log fo2-pH diagrams, ores of the early stage of mineralization in the Cu-Mo skarns, characterized by the assemblage magnetite + pyrite + rare pyrrhotite + K-feldspar + quartz, were deposited from highly alkaline and high temperature fluids. With decreasing temperature and fo2, the pH of the ore fluids was shifted towards slightly alkaline to neutral, with the resultant formation of the main stage ores, characterized by the assemblage chalcopyrite + pyrite + molybdenite + sphalerite + K-feldspar +sericite (muscovite) + epidote + uartz. Very minor amounts of ore minerals, including matildite, bismuthinite and electrum, are associated with a late stage of ore formation.In the case of the Cu-Mo veinlets, it can be stated roughly that both fs2 and fo2 conditions were in the stability field of pyrite, with pH of the ore fluids buffered by the assemblage sericite + K-feldspar +quartz ± calcite. K-Ar age determinations were made on the granite porphyry, biotite phenocrysts and hydrothermal biotite in the Cu-Mo skarns, giving ages of 42.5 to 34.6 Ma, 52.3 Ma, and 39.2 to 26.4 Ma, respectively.It is concluded that the Cu-Mo mineralization at Machangqing shows a close spatial and temporal association with the Himalayan felsic magmatism of the magnetite-series type.
With 12 Figures 相似文献
Die Machangqing Kupfer-Molybdän-Lagerstätten, Yunnan, China — Ein Beispiel für prophyrische Cu-Mo Vererzung im Himalaya
Zusammenfassung Die Kupfer-Molybdän-Lagerstätten von Machangqing treten im Shanjian Faltengürtel in der Provinz Yunnan, China, auf. Zwei Erztypen sind unterscheidbar: (1) Cu-Mo Quarzgängchen in einem porphyrischen Granit der Magnetit-Serie; (2) Cu-Mo-Skarne am Kontakt zwischen der ordovizischen Sedimentabfolge und dem porphyrischen Granit. Mit Abnahme der Temperatur und des Verhältnisses der hydrothermalen Fluide, die ursprünglich mit Alkalifeldspat im Gleichgewicht waren, entwickelten sich in diesem Porphyrstock vom Zentrum randwärts folgende Alterationszonen: Silizifizierung, K-silikatische, phyllische und argillische Alteration. Die paragenetische Abfolge der Alterationsminerale, die in den Cu-Mo Skamen zu beobachten sind, sind das Resultat abnehmender Temperatur und/oder einer Zunahme des -Verhältnisses der hydrothermalen Fluide, die ursprünglich mit Grandit-Granat im Gleichgewicht waren. Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse in Quarz weisen auf Siedeprozesse während der Mineralisation hin. Die aus den Einschlußtemperaturen und Salinitäten in Quarz bestimmten Mineralisationstemperaturen liegen für die Cu-Mo-Gängchen zwischen 265–400 °C und zwischen 5–14.6 Gew.% NaCI Äquiv. und zwischen 200–500 °C und 10.2–42 Gew.% NaCI Äquiv. für die Cu-Mo Skarne. Wie aus log fo2-pH Diagrammen hervorgeht, ist die im Frühstadium der Cu-Mo Skamvererzung entstandene Vergesellschaftung von Magnetit +Pyrit+selten Magnetkies + Alkalifeldspat + Quarz durch Ausfällung aus sehr alkalischen und hochtemperierten Fluiden entstanden. Mit Temperatur- und fo2-Abnahme wurde der pH der Lösungen leicht alkalisch bis neutral. Dies resultierte in der Bildung der Erze des Hauptstadiums, das durch Chalcopyrit + Pyrit + Molybdänit + Sphalerit + Alkalifeldspat + Serizit (Muscovit) + Epidot + Quarz charakterisiert ist. Sehr geringe Mengen an Erzmineralen inklusive Matildit, Bismuthinit und Elektrum sind dem Spätstadium der Vererzung zuzuordnen. Für die Cu-Mo-Gängchen läßt sich etwas verallgemeinernd feststellen, daß fo2 und fs2 im Stabilitätsbereich von Pyrit lagen, wobei der pH der Erzfluide durch die Paragenese Serizit+Alkalifeldspat+Quarz+Calcit gepuffert wurde. K-Ar Altersbestimmungen wurden am porphyrischen Granit, an Biotit-Phänokristallen und an hydrothermal gebildetem Biotit der Cu-Mo Skarne durchgeführt. Sie ergaben Alter von 42.5–34.6, 52.3 bzw. 39.2-26.4 Ma.Die Cu-Mo Vererzung von Machangqing zeigt eine räumliche und zeitliche Assoziation mit dem sauren Magmatismus der Magnetit-Serie im Himalaya.
With 12 Figures 相似文献
77.
Maki Sekiguchi Hidehiko Nakaya Hirokazu Kataza Satoshi Miyazaki 《Experimental Astronomy》1998,8(1):51-58
We have developed a high-speed data acquisition system, Messia-III (Modularized Extensible SyStem for Image Acquisition) for Subaru, Japanese 8.2m telescope. Messia has a direct 1-Gbps link to a host UNIX workstation. Messia is a VMEbus-based system but it does not have local OS nor CPU's in order to minimize software development and maintenance. 相似文献
78.
Satoshi Hinata 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1978,55(2):427-439
We determine the momentum distribution of the relativistic particles near the Crab pulsar from the observed X- and -ray spectra (103109 eV), provided that the curvature radiation is responsible for it. The power law spectrum for the relativistic electrons,f()
–5, reproduces a close fit to the observed high-energy photon spectrum. The theoretically determined upper limit to the momentum (due to radiation damping),
M
8×106, corresponds to the upper cut-off energy of the -ray spectrum, 109 eV. The lower limit to the momentum,
m
1.8×105, is chosen such that flattening of the X-ray spectrum below 10 keV is simulated. The number density of these electrons is found to be much higher than the Goldreich-Julian density. We also discuss pulse shape and polarization of high-energy photons. The extremely high density of particles and the steep momentum spectrum are difficult to understand. This may imply that another, more efficient, mechanism is in operation. 相似文献
79.
Abstract. A detail investigation of ore and gangue minerals was performed on the Doyashiki Kuroko deposits, Hokuroku basin, Japan for the first time. Main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite-tennantite and digen-ite. Small amounts of enargite, wittichenite, electrum, covellite, bornite, marcasite and hematite are also observed. Quartz, barite and gypsum are common gangue minerals. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz, sphalerite and barite range from 190 to 240C and 3.0 to 5.5 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The FeS contents of sphalerite and Ag contents of electrum were 0.12 to 0.18 mol %, 39.0 to 39.6 atom %, respectively. The chemical composition of digenite as a primary mineral shows high sulfur contents.
These data indicate that ore fluid responsible for digenite and associated ore minerals was characterized by a range of high sulfur fugacity with a moderate formation temperature. This is concordant with the mineral assemblage of bornite-pyrite and chalcopyrite, which shows high sulfur fugacity conditions. It seems that the mineralization closely associated with acidic volcanism has occurred around 13 Ma of Middle Miocene on the seafloor at the depth of about 1500 m. 相似文献
These data indicate that ore fluid responsible for digenite and associated ore minerals was characterized by a range of high sulfur fugacity with a moderate formation temperature. This is concordant with the mineral assemblage of bornite-pyrite and chalcopyrite, which shows high sulfur fugacity conditions. It seems that the mineralization closely associated with acidic volcanism has occurred around 13 Ma of Middle Miocene on the seafloor at the depth of about 1500 m. 相似文献
80.
Satoshi Utsunomiya Takashi Murakami Takeshi Kasama 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(2):213-221
The 2.45-Byr-old weathering profile developed on early Proterozoic mafic volcanics located near Cooper Lake, Ontario, Canada, was examined geochemically and mineralogically for a better understanding of the atmospheric oxygen evolution. Ferrous to ferric ion, Fe(II) and Fe(III), respectively, ratios of the bulk rock samples were analyzed by Mössbauer spectrometry. The total Fe (Fe(T)) and Fe(II) concentrations decrease from 12.0 and 11.2 wt.% to 1.85 and 0.89 wt.%, respectively, from the bottom to the top of the weathering profile. The Fe(T) and Fe(II) concentrations normalized to Ti and Zr, as well as the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio of raw data, linearly decrease with depth toward the top, while the Fe(III) concentration remains nearly constant throughout the profile. The linear decrease of Fe(II), accompanied by the nearly constant distribution of Fe(III), is difficult to be explained by the scenario of oxidizing weathering and subsequent reducing hydrothermal alteration. The behaviors of Fe(II) and Fe(III) can be simply explained by anoxic weathering. The anoxic weathering suggests that the 2.45-Ga atmosphere was anoxic. The slight increase of Fe/(Fe+Mg) in the octahedral sites of chlorite toward the top and no Ce anomaly in the REE patterns are also consistent with anoxic weathering. 相似文献