Erratum to: Identification of Seismogenic Anomalies Induced by 11 April, 2012 Indonesian Earthquake (M = 8.5) at Indian Latitudes Using GPS-TEC and ULF/VLF Measurements

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793222330015     

Application of cubic spline in soil erosion modeling from Narmada Watersheds,India

Soil erosion by water is ubiquitous, exhibits spatio-temporal variability, and is fundamental to determining sediment yield which is key to proper watershed management. In this study, we propose a relationship between the curve number and sediment yield index (SYI) using cubic splines. Using field data from four watersheds, the relation between observed and computed SYI is found to have a coefficient of determination (R²) value from 0.63 to 0.88 suggesting that such a relation can be used to determine SYI from the available CN value. It is found that cubic splines perform satisfactorily with Nash-Sutcliff efficiency ranging from 60.18 to 64.01%, absolute prediction error from 1.35 to 5.56%, integral square error from 1.21 to 5.82%, coefficient of correlation from 79.32 to 93.78%, and degree of agreement from 0.87 to 0.99%.     

Trend analysis of precipitation in Jharkhand State,India

Jharkhand is one of the eastern states of India which has an agriculture-based economy. Uncertain and erratic distribution of precipitation as well as a lack of state water resources planning is the major limitation to crop growth in the region. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability in precipitation in the state was examined using a monthly precipitation time series of 111 years (1901–2011) from 18 meteorological stations. Autocorrelation and Mann–Kendall/modified Mann–Kendall tests were utilized to detect possible trends, and the Theil and Sen slope estimator test was used to determine the magnitude of change over the entire time series. The most probable change year (change point) was detected using the Pettitt–Mann–Whitney test, and the entire time series was sub-divided into two parts: before and after the change point. Arc-Map 9.3 software was utilized to assess the spatial patterns of the trends over the entire state. Annual precipitation exhibited a decreasing trend in 5 out of 18 stations during the whole period. For annual, monsoon and winter periods of precipitation, the slope test indicated a decreasing trend for all stations during 1901–2011. The highest variability was observed in post-monsoon precipitation (77.87 %) and the lowest variability was observed in the annual series (15.76 %) over the 111 years. An increasing trend in precipitation in the state was found during the period 1901–1949, which was reversed during the subsequent period (1950–2011).     

Evaluation of the Comparative Toxicity of Thiotox,Dichlorvos and Carbofuran to Two Fresh Water Teleosts Ophiocephalus punctatus and Mystus Vittatus

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative toxicity of Thiotox (Endosulfan) (an organochlorine), Dichlorvos (DDVP) (an organophosphorus) and Carbofuran (a carbamate) so as to determine the TL 50 values, acute toxicity ranges, relative toxicities, relative susceptibility, safe concentrations, regression equations, heterogeneity factor and 95% confidence limits for the period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, taking two fresh water teleosts, Mystus vittatus and Ophiocephalus punctatus as test animals. From the relative toxicity of these pesticides it is evident that thiotox was the most toxic and dichlorvos the least toxic one, while the toxicity of carbofuran was in between these two extremes for both the fishes. On the basis of relative susceptibility, Mystus vittatus was found to be more susceptible than Ophiocephalus punctatus for thiotox, dichlorvos and carbofuran, respectively. The safe concentrations were computed for all the three pesticides taking different application factors, so as to avoid the long term water pollution by these pesticides.     

Spatio-temporal analysis of daily,seasonal and annual precipitation concentration in Jharkhand state,India

Nowadays, climate change and global warming have led to changes in the distribution of precipitation, which affect on the availability of water resources. Therefore, investigating the temporal and spatial variations of precipitation in the previous period is highly important in the future planning for flood control and local management of water resources. Considering the importance of this issue, in the present study, the precipitation concentration indices have been used for analysing precipitation changes at daily, seasonal, and annual time scales in the period of 1971 to 2011 over the Jharkhand state, India. Also, Modified Mann–Kendall test has used to study the trend of precipitation concentration indices in annual and seasonal time scales. The result shows a highly irregular and non-uniform distribution in the annual scale. For the seasonal scale an irregular and non-uniform distribution has been also observed, although the summer had a better situation than other seasons. For daily scale, none of the stations had a regular concentration and in the northeast and southern parts of the study area, there have been more irregularities. Furthermore, the results of investigating annual precipitation trend showed a combination of increasing and decreasing trend over the study area. The results of this study can be applied to manage water supplies, drainage projects, construct collection structures of urban flood, develop plans to prevent soil erosion, and designing appropriate plans to cope with drought conditions.     

Identification of wet-prone regions over Northwest Himalaya using high-resolution satellite seasonal estimates

Natural Hazards - The present study aims to evaluate four satellite estimates, namely CMORPH v0.x, PERSIANN-CDR, TMPA-V7 and TMPA-V7-RT, over four seasons (during 2003–2017) against ground...     

Soil erosion modeling of watershed using cubic,quadratic and quintic splines

Natural Hazards - Soil erosion is widespread with spatio-temporal variability and is central to the determination of sediment yield, which is vital to proper management of watersheds. We propose a...     

Decolorization of Congo red mediated by marine <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alcaligenes</Emphasis> species isolated from Indian West coast sediments

Alcaligenes species capable of degrading highly recalcitrant, carcinogenic, water-soluble dye—Congo red—were isolated from Indian West coastal sediments. Individual strains showed decolorization rates ranging from 76.49 to 98.76% within 24–48 h. Decolorization was most efficient at anoxic conditions catalyzed by intracellular azoreductase enzyme with an activity of 0.032 µmol min^?1 mg^?1 of protein. Degradation was confirmed by HPLC and FTIR analysis. LC/MS analysis of degraded metabolites established the cleavage of the azo bond-producing biphenyl diamine and 1,2′-diaminonapthalene-4-sulfonic acid. These results signify the effectiveness and ease to engineer processes such as feed batch/immobilized cell systems using these strains as biocatalysts to address the problem of global coastal water pollution caused by increased disposal of azo dye-containing industrial effluents.     

Lithospheric Electromagnetic Emissions Associated with Some Major Earthquakes Occurred in Indian Subcontinent

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The data related to lithospheric electromagnetic emissions such as ultra low frequency (ULF, f&nbsp;= 0.01 Hz–10 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF,&nbsp; f =...