Influence of environmental disturbances and reproductive strategy on genetic diversity and differentiation of Zostera marina populations on the southern coast of Korea

The genetic diversity and differentiation of four Zostera marina populations along the southern coast of Korea were estimated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to determine the effects of natural and anthropogenic stresses and reproductive strategy on within‐population genetic diversity. The mean number of alleles and gene diversities, indicating population genetic diversity, was highest in the Z. marina population that was exposed to repeated environmental disturbances, and lowest in the most undisturbed population. The higher genetic diversity in the disturbed population was associated with a higher contribution of sexual reproduction to population persistence. This suggests that both the level of disturbances and the reproductive strategy for population persistence contributed significantly to population genetic diversity at the study sites. According to the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 76% genetic variation was attributable to differences among individuals within populations. The observed genetic differentiation (F_ST = 0.241) among Z. marina populations at the study sites appeared to result from reduced meadow size, increased genetic drift, and a high incidence of asexual reproduction. Increased population genetic diversity can enhance resistance and resilience to environmental disturbances; thus, this investigation of seagrass population genetics provides valuable new insights for the conservation, management, and restoration of seagrass habitats.     

Experimental investigation of three-dimensional earth pressure according to aspect ratio of retaining wall

The purpose of this study is to investigate the scale and load distribution of three-dimensional active earth pressure and the load transferred to the adjacent soil by changing the aspect ratio of a retaining wall through a series of model tests. In this research, 42 earth pressure plates of different heights and widths were installed to evaluate the earth pressures by considering the wall aspect ratio and the change of earth pressure. The test results showed that the active earth pressures were uniformly converged when the percentage of limit displacement against wall height was 0.12%. The distribution of active earth pressure on the wall showed a parabola shape for most aspect ratios while the wedge shape identified by the model test was similar to the shell-shaped model. In this paper, two diagrams were proposed regarding the active earth pressure according to the aspect ratio of a retaining wall; (1) a diagram of earth pressure conversion against the aspect ratio based on evaluated three-dimensional active earth pressures with traditional two-dimensional earth pressures, (2) a load transfer diagram based on the horizontal distance by analyzing the horizontal and vertical load transfer ranges with the relevant increasing rates.     

土地整理中水资源评价及供需平衡分析——以济南市商河县郑路镇土地整理项目为例

水资源平衡分析是进行土地整理的前提和基础。在项目可行性研究中,只有摸清项目区的水资源量和可用水量,才能因地制宜对项目区进行科学规划。以济南市商河县郑路镇中低产田项目区为例,对水资源供需平衡进行了评价和分析,以求得水资源供需平衡,进而提高土地利用率。     

西藏尼洋河水环境特征多元统计分析

自2008年11月到2009年10月按照月份监测西藏林芝地区尼洋河水环境特征.结果显示,根据Pearson相关性矩阵,可将尼洋河26项理化指标分为3大类,分别是低度相关性理化指标、中度相关性理化指标和高度相关性理化因子.析因分析显示,可将26项理化指标分为4大类,第1类为尼洋河水体常规的理化指标、第2类为尼洋河水体硬度相关指标、第3类为海拔及第4类为影响水生生物生长的水质理化指标.PCA分析发现,平水期、丰水期以及枯水期水环境特征明显不同,以上3期各自聚为一类,而尼洋河沿程方面,水环境特征则不存在差异.构建了尼洋河海拔、底层水温与相关理化因子的一元回归方程.建议加强对尼洋河水环境的监测工作,积极推进尼洋河水域生态环境的可持续发展进程.     

Energy correction of dynamic cone penetration index for reliable evaluation of shear strength in frozen sand–silt mixtures

Acta Geotechnica - Previously, in situ tests have been conducted in cold regions since infrastructures such as pipelines have been actively built on frozen ground. However, the engineering...     

New radiometric dating of the dykes from the Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands

Fifteen new K–Ar ages in the range of 79–31 Ma are partially confirmed by three ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateaus and isochron data of 64.9±0.4, 55.5±0.1 and 52.8±0.6 Ma. The new geochronological data reveal a much more detailed picture of the subduction imprint in the Hurd Peninsula. Using cutting relationships, the dyke emplacement history is divided into four episodes. The Late Cretaceous–Paleocene dykes in the range of 80–60 Ma are related to the main magmatism in Livingston Island and most likely reflect the final stages of subduction of the proto-Pacific oceanic crust. The Early Eocene dykes (56–52 Ma) fill the gap in volcanic activity 70–50 Ma ago. They are the only magmatic event manifested at this time in the region. The 45–42 Ma dykes may be related to the intrusion of the Barnard Point tonalite. Three samples of Oligocene age appear to represent the last igneous activities on the Hurd Peninsula prior to the opening of the Bransfield Strait.     

ARD generation and corrosion potential of exposed roadside rockmass at Boeun and Mujoo,South Korea

Acid rock drainage (ARD) is a longstanding problem often associated with the resulting corrosion due to the acidity generated from sulfidic oxidation. To evaluate characteristics of ARD and corrosion, samples from the road side rock mass of Boeun and Mujoo were analysed using X-ray diffraction, acid/base accounting and Leaching tests. The results indicated that many samples had a pyritic origin and can be regarded as acid-generating rocks. The Leaching test showed that the average pH of the leachates of samples from both Boeun and Mujoo were moderately acidic, ranging from 3 to 4. Interestingly, as acidity increases from pH 4, the SO₄₋, Fe, Al and Mg concentrations increase abnormally. Samples from roadside slope of Mujoo showed high corrosive potential. Maximum sulfide oxidation rate of a sample taken from Mujoo was as high as 5,166 mg/kg/week.     

煤储层吸附特征研究现状及展望

从吸附机理、吸附数学模型、吸附影响因素以及多元气体吸附等几个方面，综述了国内外煤储层吸附气体研究的现状，分析了当前我国煤储层吸附研究中存在的问题和难点，对下一步煤储层吸附研究的发展趋势和需要解决的问题作了进一步的探讨。     

Geochronologic evidence for Early Cretaceous volcanic activity on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica

Ages of six volcanic and plutonic rocks on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, were determined using ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and K-Ar isotopic systems. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and K-Ar ages of basaltic andesite and diorite range from 48 My to 74 My and systematically decrease toward the upper stratigraphic section. Two specimens of basaltic andesite which occur in the lowermost sequence of the peninsula, however, apparently define two distinct plateau ages of 52-53 My and 119-120 My. The latter is interpreted to represent the primary cooling age of basaltic andesite, whereas the former is interpreted as the thermally-reset age caused by the intrusion of Tertiary granitic pluton. The isochron ages calculated from the isotope correlation diagram corroborate our interpretation based on the apparent plateau ages. It is therefore likely that volcanism was active during the Early Cretaceous on Barton Peninsula. When the K-Ar ages of previous studies are taken into account with our result, the ages of basaltic andesite in the northern part of the Barton Peninsula are significantly older than those in the southern part. Across the north-west-south-east trending Barton fault bounding the two parts, there are significant differences in geochronologic and geologic aspects.