The viviparous blenny (Zoarces viviparus) as a bioindicator of contaminant exposure: application of biomarkers of apoptosis and DNA damage

The viviparous blenny (Zoarces viviparus), also known as eelpout, is considered a suitable biomonitor for use in European estuarine and coastal waters. We have previously shown that Z. viviparus from the industrialised Tyne estuary (UK) display certain histopathologies (e.g., ovotestis and hepatic nuclear and cellular pleomorphism), which are associated with contaminant exposure [Mar. Environ. Res. 55 (2003) 137]. Furthermore, the prevalence of these pathologies was higher than in fish collected from a less contaminated reference site (the Alde estuary, UK). Here, tissue samples were collected from Z. viviparus from the Tyne and Alde estuaries (in the spring and autumn) and analysed for DNA adducts using the (32)P-postlabelling assay and for histopathology. Z. viviparus caught from the Tyne during the spring (56.4+/-18.5 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides) and autumn (63.1+/-7.5 adducts per 10(8) nucleotides) exhibited patterns of DNA adducts which indicated exposure to a complex mixture of genotoxins. In contrast, levels of DNA adducts in Z. viviparus from Alde estuary were significantly lower during both sampling periods. Histopathological changes to the gonads included intersex (ovotestis) and germ cell apoptosis (detected via the TUNEL assay) in male fish captured from the Tyne estuary. Further studies on the use of germ cell apoptotic rate at different estuarine sites are required if it is to be used as a reproductive biomarker of contaminant exposure in male fish.     

刀鲚、凤鲚和湖鲚矢耳石的形态学比较研究

选取凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、湖鲚(Coilia nasus taihuensis)以及采自崇明、黄海和瓯江口3个水域的刀鲚(Coilia hasps)的矢耳石为对象,描述了这些鱼类耳石的形态特征,并进一步使用基于12组形态数据的框架测量进行了种间和种内比较和判别分析.结果表明耳石形态的差异种间较种内更为明显...     

An investigation into the removal of oil from rock utilising magnetic particle technology

The application of magnetic particle technology to environmental remediation has tended to focus, up to now, upon the removal of oil contamination from plumage and fur. The present research demonstrates the potential of this technology to remove oil contamination from the surface of rock. Specifically, a single treatment has been demonstrated to remove more than 80% by weight of heavy bunker oil from the surface of a common foreshore rock type. A further three treatments have been shown to result in an optimum removal of up to 94% by weight. The results are highly reproducible and offer the possibility of achieving up to 100% removal with the appropriate use of pre-conditioners.     

树立科学管海理念 建立和谐用海秩序

天津地处环渤海中心,拥有153千米的海岸线,滨海地区有门淘的滩涂资源,近海有海洋空间、海水、海洋生物、矿产、能源及航道运输等宝贵的海洋自然资源,为实施开发海洋战略提供了良好空间和条件。另外,独特的区位优势、较为雄厚的海洋产业基础和海洋科研技术优势也为实施这一战略提供了强有力的支撑。     

温度和盐度对军曹鱼幼鱼生长与抗氧化酶活性的影响

在实验室条件下,采用两因素交叉分组的方法,初步研究了环境因子(温度和盐度)对军曹鱼幼鱼肌肉抗氧化酶比活力的影响。温度设3个水平(26、29、32),盐度设4个水平(11、19、27、35),两个因素按其各自水平共产生12种组合。军曹鱼幼鱼在玻璃钢水槽内养殖20d后取样测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的比活力。结果表明:盐度因子诱导了军曹鱼的抗氧化应激反应,抗氧化酶活力随盐度降低而升高,SOD、CAT和GPX比活力分别从35时的17.74±3.38、19.44±2.66和13.70±2.99U/mg上升到11时的30.14±1.76、35.63±10.59和17.44±4.32U/mg;温度、盐度及因素间的交互作用对SOD和CAT比活力有显著影响(P<0.05);温度对GPX比活力无显著影响(P>0.05),而盐度及因素间的交互作用对GPX比活力影响显著(P<0.05)。     

广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区建立对区域土地利用动态的影响

以金花茶国家级自然保护区及保护区外2 km邻近区为研究区,选取1986―2019年7期Landsat遥感影像进行土地利用遥感解译,并基于GIS与R语言空间统计方法分析近35年土地利用动态演变规律。结果表明：1）保护区土地利用以林地为主,邻近区林地和耕地面积占比最大。2）邻近区综合土地利用动态度变化比非核心区更剧烈;二者土地利用程度综合指数变化均呈现升高－降低－不变的波动趋势,表明保护区建立后人为干扰的下降有助于土地利用格局的稳定。3）土地利用类型转换频率为邻近区向非核心区递减,表明保护区的建设与管理可以有效保护当地的生态环境。4）保护区非核心区所有土地利用类型重心总体上向东北方向迁移;邻近区建设用地与耕地重心总体上都为向西方向迁移,表明已有建设用地扩张对保护区周围的土地利用空间动态变化有重要影响。5）保护区的管理取得较为显著的成效,保护区内部生态环境得到改善,但内部建设用地的缓慢增加与资源的不合理生产开发,仍然对保护区的生境质量产生负面影响。     

Assessment of organotin contamination in marine sediments and biota from the Gulf and adjacent region

Butyltin species were measured in sediments from coastal locations in the Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Both butyltin and phenyltin species were measured in biota samples from four countries in this region. With tributyltin (TBT) concentrations up to 60 ngSng(-1), some sediments could be classified as contaminated (i.e. TBT>1.3 ngSng(-1)), namely Dukhan (Qatar), the BAPCO industrial complex and Askar (Bahrain), and Hilf and the Raysut Port Area (Oman). Higher concentrations of total butyltins were found in oysters relative to fish, but ranging from 6.5 to 488 ngSng(-1) dry weight they are nonetheless relatively low. Diphenyltin and triphenyltin were found in some fish and bivalves from the Gulf, but not in biota from the Gulf of Oman. The environmental levels of organotin species are comparatively low by global standards and pose no immediate public health problems.     

Toxicity assessments of nanoscale zerovalent iron and its oxidation products in medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish

Iron-based nanotechnologies are increasingly used for environmental remediation; however, toxicologic impacts of iron nanoparticles on the aquatic ecosystem remain poorly understood. We treated larvae of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) with thoroughly characterized solutions containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-stabilized nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), aged nanoscale iron oxides (nFe-oxides) or ferrous ion (Fe[II]) for 12-14 days' aqueous exposure to assess the causal toxic effect(s) of iron NPs on the fish. With the CMC-nZVI solution, the dissolved oxygen level decreased, and a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was generated as Fe(II) oxidized to ferric ion (Fe[III]); with the other two iron solutions, these parameters did not significantly change. CMC-nZVI and Fe(II) solutions caused acute lethally and sublethally toxic effects in medaka larvae, with nFe-oxide-containing solutions causing the least toxic effects. We discuss modes of toxic action of iron NPs and chronic toxic effects in terms of hypoxia, Fe(II) toxicity and ROS-mediated oxidative damage.     

Some challenges of an "upside down" nitrogen budget--science and management in Greenwich Bay, RI (USA)

When nutrients impact estuarine water quality, scientists and managers instinctively focus on quantifying and controlling land-based sources. However, in Greenwich Bay, RI, the estuary opens onto a larger and more intensively fertilized coastal water body (Narragansett Bay). Previous inventories of nitrogen (N) inputs to Greenwich Bay found that N inputs from Narragansett Bay exceeded those from the local watershed, suggesting that recent efforts to reduce local watershed N loads may have little effect on estuarine water quality. We used stable isotopes of N to characterize watershed and Narragansett Bay N sources as well as the composition of primary producers and consumers throughout Greenwich Bay. Results were consistent with previous assessments of the importance of N inputs to Greenwich Bay from Narragansett Bay. As multiple N sources contribute to estuarine water quality, effective management requires attention to individual sources commensurate with overall magnitude, regardless of the political complications that may entail.     

环境星宽覆盖特征CCD影像几何定位及误差分析

2008年9月发射的中国环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座(简称HJ星座)A、B星配置的宽覆盖载荷,可广泛应用于生态环境和灾害的大范围动态监测和快速重访。针对传统的物理定位模型在CCD相机宽覆盖成像时难以达到较好的精度,尤其是在CCD线阵方向误差明显的问题,在考虑CCD相机畸变模型的情况下,提出一种基于一般多项式畸变模型的改进定位模型对影像进行几何定位。实验证明,影像在CCD线阵方向的误差能得到明显改善,该定位方法对于HJ-1卫星CCD影像几何定位精度的提高以及推广国产宽覆盖卫星影像的应用具有较大的意义。