滇黔桂微细浸染型金矿成矿物质来源的地球化学示踪——硅同位素结合硅质阴极发光的应用研究

尽管对微细浸染型金矿的研究已有丰富资料,但在成矿流体和矿质的主要来源问题上仍存在争议,深入研究和探讨这一问题,不仅是矿床成因理论研究的深入,更是关系到该类型金矿找矿方向。本文以该类型金矿硅化与金矿化密切相关为依据,采用硅同位素结合硅质阴极发光分析,对赋存于中三叠统、“大厂层”、上二叠统、下石炭统和印支期辉绿岩中的该类型金矿矿石和热液硅化石英与相应赋矿围岩进行对比研究,结果表明:在阴极发光下,原生硅化石英不发光,而围岩中的石英和次生硅化石英明显发光;与此对应,矿石和热液硅化石英与围岩的δSI值也可以明显分开,表现为:在中三叠统和“大厂层”赋矿地层中,前者在-0.1‰～0.4‰,后者(包括岩浆岩)在0.0‰～0.3‰;在上二叠统,下石炭统和印支期辉绿岩赋矿围岩中,前者在0.3‰～0.5‰,后者在-0.1‰～-0.2‰。上述结果均表明原生成矿硅质与围岩硅质的来源不同,由此揭示原生矿质并非围岩提供;此外,上述数据中,由矿石和热液硅化石英所代表的成矿硅质流体的δ~(30)Si值表现为由新地层(T_2和“大     

滇西富碱斑岩及其中包体岩石的地幔流体交代作用特征

滇西富碱斑岩体中,有多处产出深浅来源不同的包体岩石。针对寄主岩石和包体岩石的岩相学和岩石化学成分的对比研究发现:寄主岩石较包体岩石更富S iO2,A l2O3,N a2O和K2O,而包体岩石较寄主岩石更富C aO,M gO,F e2O3和F eO,岩石蚀变以角闪石化、钠黝帘石化和硅化为主,结合具超基性岩性的包体岩石发育碎裂结构,碎裂粒间出现与交代成因角闪石共生的微晶硅质、碳质、碳酸盐和金云母等表现地幔流体显交代作用的特征矿物组合,由此判定交代主岩和包体岩石的流体富含碱质和硅质,是与富碱岩浆同源的来自富集地幔源区的地幔流体,其交代作用的功能和能量明显优于一般意义上的地壳流体作用,而此交代作用促进了成矿元素和挥发份的聚集,且富碱斑岩与地幔流体的交代作用之间存在有利的时差关系。     

Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in marine biota and coastal sediments from the Gulf and the Gulf of Oman

The composition and spatial distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in biota and coastal sediments from four countries surrounding the Gulf (Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman). The levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), aliphatic unresolved mixture and PAHs in sediments and biota were relatively low compared to world-wide locations reported to be chronically contaminated by oil. Only in the case of the sediments collected near the BAPCO oil refinery in Bahrain, having concentrations of 779 μg g⁻¹ total petroleum hydrocarbon equivalents and 6.6 μg g⁻¹ ∑PAHs, can they be categorized as chronically contaminated. Some evidence of oil contamination was also apparent in sediments and bivalves around Akkah Head and Abu Dhabi in the UAE, and near Mirbat in Oman. Contaminant patterns in sediments and biota indicated that the PAHs were mainly from fossil sources, with the exception of the high PAH concentrations in sediments near the BAPCO refinery that contained substantial concentrations of carcinogenic PAH combustion products.     

云南金顶超大型铅锌矿床地幔流体成矿作用探讨

云南金顶矿床是赋存于第三系沉积碎屑岩中的以铅锌成矿为主的超大型复合矿床，主要由角砾岩型和砂岩型两类矿体组成。本文重点对两类矿石进行电子探针分析测试发现，矿石中沿碎屑矿物粒间呈网脉状穿插的脉体或团块，除结晶的碳酸盐矿物外，广泛发育组成为碳酸盐和硫化物的黑色不透明物质，其在高倍放大的扫描电镜形貌中未显示碳酸盐矿物的结晶形态，表明这些黑色不透明物质应为残余碳酸岩熔浆过冷凝的非晶质固体。研究认为，这种碳酸岩熔浆是以地幔流体的形式侵位渗透于沉积碎屑岩中进行交代成矿的直接表现。     

The response of playa and sabkha hydraulics and mineralogy to climate forcing

Dry playa lakes and sabkhat often represent the terminus of large ground water flow systems and act as integrators of both upgradient (recharge) and downgradient discharge (evaporation). Ground water levels beneath playa/sabkha systems show a variety of surprising responses driven by large evaporation demands and chemical processes not typically encountered in more humid regions. When the water table is very close to the land surface, almost instantaneous rises can be observed with little observed change in either upgradient ground water recharge or potential evaporation. Conversely, when water tables are several meters below the playa surface, water table responses to interannual variability of recharge can be damped and lag significantly behind such changes. This review of the dynamics of shallow water tables in playa lakes and sabkhat discusses the pertinent hydraulic and solute processes and extracts a simple but comprehensive model based on soil physics for predicting the water table response to either upstream recharge changes or changes in potential evaporation at the playa/sabkha. Solutes and associated authigenic minerals are also shown to be important in discriminating both the causes and effects of water level fluctuations.     

地幔流体在滇西富碱斑岩成岩成矿过程中的作用——地质年代学和同位素地球化学制约

滇西金沙江哀牢山断裂以东广泛发育富碱斑岩型多金属矿床,其富碱斑岩体中有多处产出深源岩石包体。对包体岩石和寄主富碱斑岩及其成矿石英脉的地质年代学研究显示,深源岩石包体的成岩年龄大于寄主富碱斑岩,而富碱斑岩的成岩与成矿是基本同时的。结合铅硅锶钕同位素地球化学研究表明,在富碱岩浆的成岩过程中,伴随富硅成矿流体对围岩和岩体的交代蚀变,并与地壳岩石一定程度混染而实现成矿作用。这种富硅成矿流体作用实质上是地幔流体作用在地壳中成矿作用的延续。据此,从地幔流体交代矿物的结晶年龄(116.0 Ma)到富硅成矿流体年龄(51.2 Ma),揭示地幔流体作用贯穿于富碱岩浆成岩成矿的全过程。正是这一地幔流体作用过程,导致Si、Al、Na、K及其它硅不相容元素和成矿元素富集,进而导致其Sr-Nd同位素特征由亏损地幔向富集地幔过渡,并引起从岩体→围岩对应、从高温→低温的系列成矿效应。也正是这种流体作用,构成滇西新生代广泛成矿的内在统一制约因素和大型-超大型矿床形成的重要地球化学背景。     

陕西省略阳县杨家坝多金属矿田成矿流体地球化学示踪

以陕西省略阳县杨家坝多金属矿床为例,通过对矿石中矿物流体包裹体特征的系统研究,流体包裹体分布表现以纯液相包裹体(A区)和大体积、大气相比原生气液两相包裹体(B区)为主的分区现象.A区原生气液两相包裹体的均一温度为184℃,成分为H2O;B区包裹体均一温度为245～348℃,主要集中在260℃、330℃,成分为H2O和C6H6.所测B区包裹体均一温度明显大于前人对该矿床所测得的最高温度293℃,说明有温度更高的还原流体参与成矿.结合秦岭造山带的构造背景和微量及稀土元素分析,初步认为该H2O-C6H6成分体系流体可能是伴随该区强烈构造运动沿深大断裂快速脉动上涌到地壳中的地幔流体;该流体作用导致壳幔叠加成矿,是秦岭造山带大规模改造成矿的序曲.