West Pacific and North Indian Ocean Seafloor and Their Ocean-Continent Connection Zones: Evolution and Debates

The Indian Ocean and the West Pacific Ocean and their ocean-continent connection zones are the core area of "the Belt and Road". Scientific and in-depth recognition to the natural environment, disaster distribution, resources, energy potential of “the Belt and Road” development, is the cut-in point of the current Earth science community to serve urgent national needs. This paper mainly discusses the following key tectonic problems in the West Pacific and North Indian oceans and their ocean-continent connection zones (OCCZs): 1. modern marine geodynamic problems related to the two oceans. Based on the research and development needs to the two oceans and the ocean-continent transition zones, this item includes the following questions. (1) Plate origin, growth, death and evolution in the two oceans, for example, 1) The initial origin and process of the triangle Pacific Plate including causes and difference of the Galapagos and West Shatsky microplates; 2) spatial and temporal process, present status and trends of the plates within the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific Ocean to the evolution of the East Asian Continental Domain; 3) origin and evolution of the Indian Ocean and assembly and dispersal of supercontinents. (2) Latest research progress and problems of mid-oceanic ridges: 1) the ridge-hot spot interaction and ridge accretion, how to think about the relationship between vertical accretion behavior of thousands years or tens of thousands years and lateral spreading of millions years at 0 Ma mid-oceanic ridges; 2) the difference of formation mechanisms between the back-arc basin extension and the normal mid-oceanic ridge spreading; 3) the differentials between ultra-slow dian Ocean and the rapid Pacific spreading, whether there are active and passive spreading, and a push force in the mid-oceanic ridge; 4) mid-oceanic ridge jumping and termination: causes of the intra-oceanic plate reorganization, termination, and spatial jumps; 5) interaction of mantle plume and mid-oceanic ridge. (3) On the intra-oceanic subduction and tectonics: 1) the origin of intra-oceanic arc and subduction, ridge subduction and slab window on continental margins, transform faults and transform-type continental margin; 2) causes of the large igneous provinces, oceanic plateaus and seamount chains. (4) The oceanic core complex and rheology of oceanic crust in the Indian Ocean. (5) Advances on the driving force within oceanic plates, including mantle convection, negative buoyancy, trench suction and mid-oceanic ridge push, is reviewed and discussed. 2. The ocean-continent connection zones near the two oceans, including: (1) Property of continental margin basement: the crusts of the Okinawa Trough, the Okhotsk Sea, and east of New Zealand are the continental crusts or oceanic crusts, and origin of micro-continent within the oceans; (2) the ocean-continent transition and coupling process, revealing from the comparison of the major events between the West Pacific Ocean seamount chains and the continental margins, mantle exhumation and the ocean-continent transition zones, causes of transform fault within back-arc basin, formation and subduction of transform-type continental margin; (3) strike-slip faulting between the West Pacific Ocean and the East Asian Continent and its temporal and spatial range and scale; (4) connection between deep and surface processes within the two ocean and their connection zones, namely the assembly among the Eurasian, Pacific and India-Australia plates and the related effect from the deep mantle, lithosphere, to crust and surface Earth system, and some related issues within the connection zones of the two oceans under the super-convergent background. 3. On the relationship, especially their present relations and evolutionary trends, between the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific plates and the Tethyan Belt, the Eurasian Plate or the plates within the Indian Ocean. At last, this paper makes a perspective of the related marine geology, ocean-continent connection zone and in-depth geology for the two oceans and one zone.     

双向差分模型在中强震长趋势预测中的应用

应用双向差分分析方法对青海地区5级以上地震、中国大陆西部、南北带及全国范围内发生的7级以上地震发生次数进行了计算，得到了该模型的理论预测结果；该方法对5．0级以上中强震的长趋势判定有一定的作用。     

二维明渠非恒定流的格子Boltzmann模拟

根据二维浅水波方程的特点,应用由格子Boltzmann方程展开的多尺度方程,建立了一个能模拟二维明渠非恒定流的格子Boltzmann模型。通过对一维溃坝波和二维圆形溃坝波的模拟分析,验证了该模型的有效性。以某水电站尾水渠为例,模拟分析了由机组甩负荷和增负荷引起的水位波动规律,为尾水渠的设计提供了依据。     

遥感数据的高速时记录器

在遥感领域中，稳定，高速率，海量数据的实时记录器被广泛用于原始数据记录，系统测试，对其设计，制造，测试的研究是必要的，该文阐述了利用微机实现高速数据实时记录器的方案，框架结构，设计原则，实现方法，以及实验结果，其优越性在于构造灵活，研制经费少，可扩展性，实用性好。     

Source time functions of the 1999, Jiji (Chi-Chi) earthquake from GDSN long period waveform data using aftershocks as empirical Green’s functions

A large earthquake (M _W=7.6) occurred in Jiji (Chi-Chi), Taiwan, China on September 20, 1999, and was followed by many moderate-size shocks in the following days. Two of the largest aftershocks with the magnitudes of M _W=6.1 and M _W=6.2, respectively, were used as empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) to obtain the source time functions (STFs) of the main shock from long-period waveform data of the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) including IRIS, GEOSCOPE and CDSN. For the M _W=6.1 aftershock of September 22, there were 97 pairs of phases clear enough from 78 recordings of 26 stations; for the M _W=6.2 aftershock of September 25, there were 81 pairs of phases clear enough from 72 recordings of 24 stations. For each station, 2 types of STFs were retrieved, which are called P-STF and S-STF due to being from P and S phases, respectively. Totally, 178 STF individuals were obtained for source-process analysis of the main shock. It was noticed that, in general, STFs from most of the stations had similarities except that those in special azimuths looked different or odd due to the mechanism difference between the main shock and the aftershocks; and in detail, the shapes of the STFs varied with azimuth. Both of them reflected the stability and reliability of the retrieved STFs. The comprehensive analysis of those STFs suggested that this event consisted of two sub-events, the total duration time was about 26 s, and on the average, the second event was about 7 s later than the first one, and the moment-rate amplitude of the first event was about 15% larger than that of the second one. Foundation item: State Natural Science Foundation of China (49904004) and IPGP of France. Contribution No. 02FE2007, Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau.     

SAR点目标的响应形状

人们普遍认为,SAR点目标响应是sinc函数形状,但是,在通常条件下,SAR点目标看上去不象sinc函数形状。文章从驻留相位原理的近似性,数字信号处理和连续信号处理的差别,人类视觉,检波造成的频谱扩展,SAR的斜视等方面,指出其原因,并阐述了使点目标形状象sinc函数形状需要满足的条件。并提出SAR图像从复数图到模值图的转化过程需要满足的条件和处理。     

Spatial damage distribution of August 16, 2003, Inner Mongolia, China, M S=5.9 earthquake and analysis

The spatial damage distribution of August 16, 2003, Inner Mongolia, China, M _S=5.9 earthquake is summarized through field investigation. The moment tensor solution and focal mechanism are inverted using the digital long-period waveform records of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). The relation between the spatial damage distribution and focal mechanism is analyzed according to the focal mechanism, the aftershock distribution and the spatial damage distribution. The possible relation between the characteristics of ground motion and the tectonic background of the source region is discussed in terms of the global ground motion records, historical earthquake documents and the damage distribution. Investigation reveals that the meizoseismal region is in east-west direction, which is consistent with the nodal plane of focal mechanism inversion. The meizoseismal area is relatively large and the damage of single-story adobe houses or masonry houses is more severe. This may have relations with local seismotectonic environment. Foundation item: The Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project (2002CB412706). Contribution No. 05FE3009, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration.     

大别-苏鲁区超高压变质岩的多期构造变质演化

对大别-苏鲁地区超高压(UHP)变质岩的详细构造和岩石学研究揭示了其复杂的构造变质演化历史。除前超高压事件外,至少可识别出5个相继发育的构造变质事件或阶段(D_1-D_5)。D_1和 D_2同超高压事件与三叠纪(250～230Ma)中朝克拉通和扬子克拉通间的大陆深俯冲及碰撞有关,而超高压后的 D_3和 D_4韧性变形及其伴生的减压部分熔融作用和退变质作用事件,则是超高压岩石向中上地壳折返过程中(230～140Ma)发生的。碰撞后形成的 D_4构造,主导了大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带区域尺度的构造格架。第5阶段的构造以摩擦或摩擦-粘性过渡性变形机制为主,并伴随有大规模的未变形的花岗质岩体就位,该期构造热事控制了现今大别-苏鲁地区的地貌学特征。新的构造和岩石学资料并结合可利用的地质年代学和地球化学等资料,提出一个涉及中朝与扬子克拉通间三叠纪大陆深俯冲、碰撞及相继超高压变质岩石向地表的多期折返构造变质演化模式。     

Moment tensor inversion of small to moderate earthquakes in the Capital Region in 2004

The moment tensor solutions of 51 small to moderate earthquakes occurred in the Capital Region in the year of 2004 are obtained by inverting the broadband waveform data. Accordingly, other source parameters, such as scalar seismic moments, moment magnitudes, double-couple （DC） components and compensated-linear-vector-dipole （CLVD） components, are determined as well as fault parameters and stress-axis parameters. The inverted results are evaluated by groups of numerical tests.     

珠江口盆地渐‒中新世古气候及物源特征:以阳江东凹为例

珠江口盆地阳江东凹处于太平洋构造域与新特提斯构造域交汇处,地球动力学背景、构造演化历史复杂,对于盆地物源特征和物源区古气候演化方面研究比较薄弱。选取珠江口盆地阳江东凹A钻井岩心中的珠海组-韩江组砂泥岩样品,对其进行地球化学分析,结果显示,样品呈轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素平坦的配分模式,有明显的负Eu异常特征,与花岗岩相似;Al_2O_3/TiO_2、F1-F2、La/Th-Hf和Co/Th-La/Sc判别图解表明源岩以长英质为主,并有镁铁质岩石的混入;Al_2O_3/TiO_2、Cr/Zr和Th/Sc值也体现出长英质成分为主的物源特征;(Fe_2O_3+MgO)-TiO_2、Th-Co-Zr/10和Th-Sc-Zr/10构造环境判别图解显示,大部分样品落在大陆岛弧和主动大陆边缘区域,综合研究表明源区岩石特征与中国东南沿海大面积发育的岩浆岩极为相似。化学蚀变指数(CIA)、化学风化指数(CIW)、斜长石蚀变指数(PIA)等指标以及Mg/Ca值,指示珠江口盆地阳江东凹晚渐新世至中中新世物源区经历了中等程度的化学风化,对应温暖湿润的古气候环境,且从早到晚气温降低、降水量减少。