2009年7月24日西藏尼玛西南MS5.6地震研究

主要研究2009年7月24日西藏尼玛西南MS5.6地震的基本参数、地震序列特征、震源参数、发震构造等;利用震中附近600km范围内台站测定参数研究地震的震源机制解,与哈佛大学给出的震源机制解较一致,且与通过现场考察的发震断层走向具有一致性。研究认为本次地震发生在冈底斯山—拉萨块体内部,断裂为NNW向,主要受张应力作用产生左旋走滑正断层活动。此外还分析了震前地震学条带异常特征,结束表明,震前1年出现NW向条带非常显著,研究结论为该地区今后地震预测提供科学依据。     

我国国内旅游市场规模分析与预测

文章在分析影响旅游发展因素的基础上,用定量的分析方法,研究了在我国目前的社会经济条件下,各影响因素对国内旅游市场规模的影响程度,认为,经济和交通条件是影响国内旅游市场规模最为重要的因素。最后,从我国国内旅游者人数和旅游收入2个方面,对未来旅游市场规模进行了科学预测。     

Frequency-domain array technique analysis for the rupture duration time and geometrical characteristics of the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake

In this paper, we briefly describe the principle of tracking energy radiation sources of large earthquakes using fre- quency-domain far-field array technique, present general steps of tracking energy radiation sources, and take the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake as an example to analyze key factors for setting parameters while pro- cessing data. Using broadband waveform data from a seismic array in Ethiopia and Kenya (EK Array), we obtain that the rupture initiation point of the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake is located in the east of Buka Daban Peak (35.92°N, 91.70°E), and the rupture duration time is less than 160 s, the rupture length about 520 km, with 180 km in the west of the initiation point and 340 km in the east, respectively. The western segment of the earth- quake fault bends towards southwest near Buka Daban Peak, which is in concordance with the surface rupture trace. The eastern segment apparently bends towards northeast near Xidatan, which is in agreement with the strike of Xidatan fault, but 30 km away from Xidatan fault. In addition, the results imply that the western segment of the earthquake fault appears erect while the eastern segment appears to be gradually dipping southwards.     

冬半年副热带西风南支槽结构和演变特征研究

南支槽是冬半年副热带南支西风气流在高原南侧孟加拉湾地区产生的半永久性低压槽, 本文从气候学角度探讨其结构和演变特征。结果表明: (1) 南支槽10月在孟加拉湾北部建立, 冬季 (11～2月) 加强, 春季 (3～5月) 活跃, 6月消失并转换为孟加拉湾槽; 10月南支槽建立表明北半球大气环流由夏季型转变成冬季型, 6月南支槽消失同时孟加拉湾槽建立是南亚夏季风爆发的重要标志之一。 (2) 南支槽在700 hPa表现明显, 其槽前干暖平流的输送有利于昆明准静止锋形成和维持, 槽后冷湿平流也与孟加拉湾冷涌关系密切。 (3) 冬季辐散环流下沉支抑制了南支槽前上升运动的发展, 这时低层辐合, 中层辐散, 南支槽前上升运动一般只伸展到对流层中层600 hPa左右。春季随着辐散环流减弱, 东亚急流入口区南侧辐散中心的出现使得垂直运动向上迅速伸展。 (4) 从气候平均看冬季水汽输送较弱, 上升运动浅薄, 无强对流活动, 南支槽前降水不明显, 雨区主要位于高原东南侧昆明准静止锋至华南一带。春季南支槽水汽输送增大, 同时副高外围暖湿水汽输送加强, 上升运动发展和对流增强, 南支槽造成的降水显著增加, 因此春季是南支槽最活跃的时期。     

基于遥感的黄土高原典型区植被退化分析——以泾河流域为例

以黄上高原泾河流域为例,首先利用遥感植被指数和气候干燥度指数之间的回归模型,模拟出了潜在植被指数,在此基础上通过遥感监督分类方法得出泾河流域现生植被分布格局和潜在植被的分布格局,并利用转换矩阵方法得出了植被退化的空间态势.结果表明:泾河流域最主要的潜在植被类型是针阔叶疏林(32.44%)、阔叶落叶林(31.28%)和中牛灌丛(23.71%).与现生植被相比较,有25.08%的阔叶落叶林潜在分布区被开垦为农作物,13.32%退化为针阔叶疏林,13.04%退化为中生灌丛,14.22%变化为旱生灌丛,仅有25.90%的面积保持了阔叶落叶林植被;针阔叶疏林分布区主要退化为农作物(26.01%)、旱生灌丛(20.99%)、草甸(17.12%);中生灌丛主要退化为草甸(30.29%)和温带草原(43.21%).植被的退化以流域中部、南部的黄土残塬沟壑区退化最为严重,其次为流域北部的黄土丘陵区,而流域东部的子午岭山区和流域西部的六盘山区植被退化相对较轻.     

Variability of the Coupling Between Surface Air Temperature and Northern Annular Mode at Various Levels

This article focuses on the variability of the coupling between surface air temperature （SAT） and northern annular mode （NAM） at various levels. To measure the coupling intensity between the SAT and the NAM anomaly fields, the coupling index has been defined as the leading principal component of the partial least squares regression model of the SAT and NAM anomalies. Both a composite analysis and the coupling index have been used to reveal level-by-level and month-to-month variability of the coupling between the upper anomalous NAM and the SAT in the Northern Hemisphere. The major results are as follows： the January SAT anomaly is more strongly coupled with the January NAM anomaly at the middle-upper tropospheric levels than that at the other levels, while the same is true for the February SAT anomaly with the January NAM anomaly at the lower stratospheric levels. The January NAM anomaly at the middle- upper tropospheric levels is most strongly coupled with the January SAT anomaly, and the coupling intensity is successively reduced month by month and becomes trivial after April. The January NAM anomaly at the lower stratospheric levels is more strongly coupled with January, February and March SAT anomalies, but the coupling becomes trivial after April.     

桐柏-大别-苏鲁UHP和HP变质带的结构及流变学演化

在岩石圈流变学基本原理指导下，运用现代构造解析学方法，在不同尺度上差别和分析了桐柏－大别－苏鲁UHP和HP变质带内深俯冲，同碰撞构造及UHP和HP岩石折返过程中的变形特征，重点讨论同碰撞形成的高角度网结状榴辉岩切带阵列，高角闪岩相剪切及有关变形组合以及碰撞期后伸展韧性薄化变形样式，强调指出不同地壳层次和物理条件下变形分解作用的重要性，而且，在UHP和HP变质带内最有效的应变体制是剪切作用，并在三维空间上形成不同格式的剪切带网状系统，以构造学记录为主线，结合已有可利用的岩石学，变质作用pT轨迹和同位素年代学资料，提出一个UHP和HP变质带尺度上的流变学演化模式，其中，UHP和HP变质岩石由地幔深度折返到地壳表层，经历了楔状挤出，碰撞期后地壳韧性薄化及晚造山伸展塌陷，揭顶作用等多个阶段的动力学过程。     

Structural Evidence for the in-situ Origin of the HP and UHP Eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu Orogenic Belt

Whether the HP and UHP metamorphic rocks of the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt are of an "in-situ" or "foreign" origin is a long-standing dispute among geologists. Eclogites preserved today in the HP and UHP units constitute merely 5-10%, which are not isolated exotic bodies tectonically intruding into amphibolite facies gneiss, but remnants of once pervasive or widespread eclogite-facies terranes or slabs. The present spatial distribution and forms of the eclogites have resulted from polyphase and progressive deformation and strain partitioning of the HP and UHP slabs. From their formation in deep mantle to their exhumation to the surface, the eclogites have experienced long-term deformation with different strain regimes. The dominant regime responsible for the present spatial distribution and forms of the eclogites is the shear process. The deformation patterns of the eclogites and gneiss matrix also clearly show that the eclogites were metamorphosed in situ. The original distribution area of the eclogites     

郯庐断裂带对鲁西隆升过程的影响:磷灰石裂变径迹证据

郯庐断裂带(TLFZ)是一条贯穿华北的NNE向巨型断裂带。新生代以来,在郯庐断裂带的两侧及其内部发生了显著的伸展构造变形,形成了泰安-莱芜-蒙阴NW向断陷盆地群,并使鲁西块体发生了急剧的陆内伸展隆升。本文在前人研究的基础上,分别在鲁西沂山、徂徕山和蒙山三处进行了大量的样品采集,总计完成了25个样品的测试,获得了一系列新的磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)年代学结果。结合前人已发表的裂变径迹结果,对鲁西地区新生代与伸展变形有关的剥露-隆升作用的时空分布特征、隆升剥露模式及隆升幅度进行分析,并揭示郯庐断裂带在鲁西新生代热隆升过程中的影响。主要认识有:1)新生代以来,鲁西主要经历了始新世-早渐新世和新近纪以来两期快速剥露-隆升阶段。2)始新世-早渐新世主要表现为幕式差异性快速剥露-隆升,鲁西南受NW向断层控制形成向北、向东的掀斜抬升作用,鲁西北受NE向断裂控制,形成向北、向西的掀斜抬升作用。新近纪以来,进入相对低速区域性剥露-隆升阶段。3)AFT模拟显示,与始新世-早渐新世的幕式快速剥露-隆升相比,中新世以来,鲁西剥露-隆升速率相对减小,但剥蚀量剥露-抬升量较大。故鲁西整体抬升于中新世以来。4)结合前人研究成果,新生代以来,鲁西宏观上受郯庐断裂带伸展活动影响,越靠近郯庐断裂带剥蚀量越大,局部受NW或NE向断裂控制。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造成因机制探讨

以盐构造解析的方法,综合地震与地质资料分析,在盐构造成因要素剖析的基础上探讨库车坳陷盐构造动力学特征.研究表明库车坳陷盐构造的成因受多重作用影响,差异负载是库车坳陷盐构造初始形成时的动力来源,中新世—上新世中晚期差异负载作用是盐构造形成与缓慢生长的主要动力.盐上盖层快速沉降是该期盐构造生长缓慢的主要原因.上新世中晚期以来强烈的区域挤压作用是库车坳陷盐构造发育的主控因素,构造挤压决定了盐构造的样式、分布与规模,并促进了差异负载、重力作用与浮力作用的发展,以区域挤压为主的多种作用因素造成了库车坳陷盐构造晚期异常高速的生长.