试论天然半导体矿物的热电特性及其在地震预测中应用的可能性

本文基于半导体矿物热电特性的基本理论,通过大量科学研究成果之间客观联系的分析,论证了天然半导体矿物热电特性与地震预测的关系.结果表明,地壳内广泛存在天然半导体矿物,且绝大多数天然半导体矿物具有热电特性.孕震过程产生梯度热场时,会激发周围热电介质产生热电势,热电势的积累对孕震区电场具有一定的干扰效应,这种干扰效应可作为地震预测的信息源之一.另外,从成矿带和地震带之间的空间关系分析,可以认为天然半导体矿物的集中分布与地震活动带相一致.上述结论对深刻理解地震地电异常机理有重要的意义.     

全国危机矿山接替资源找矿专项煤炭项目成果综述

煤炭是我国最重要的基础性能源,经过数十年高强度的开采和开发,一大批大中型矿山资源枯竭,成为危机矿山。通过煤炭资源找矿专项的实施,取得了重大的找矿进展：①新发现并查明了一批资源储量,延长了诸多危机矿山的服务年限;②对我国深部找煤勘查方法进行了初步总结;③丰富了我国聚煤作用研究的内容．使老矿山深部和外围找煤理论和方法得以完善;④在复杂地质条件勘查区（推覆体下、红层下及火成岩下）找煤取得突破性的进展。     

储层沉积-成岩过程中物性演化的主控因素

对鄂尔多斯盆地Y25、Zh40区块长6段储层的岩石学特征、微观孔隙结构、成岩作用等进行详细研究.研究发现,胶结作用对储层质量的影响具有双重作用.胶结作用一定程度上提高储层的抗压实能力,也为后期的次生溶蚀提供物质基础,但胶结物的产生也占据一定的孔隙空间.两区块储层成岩作用是物性演化的最主要控制因素,储层类型为次生低渗透储层(或成岩型低渗透储层).Y25区块表现为早期胶结作用和后期的溶蚀作用强;Zh40区块表现为早期压实作用强,后期溶蚀作用、交代作用强.储层形成过程中物性演化的主要控制因素是沉积环境基础上,成岩场和构造应力场共同作用的结果.     

地下洞室群随机地震响应研究中传递函数的应用探讨

在证明随机响应的统计参数可以用传递函数进行直接表达的前提下,将传递函数引入地下洞室群随机地震响应研究中,对白鹤滩水电工程13#机组剖面地下洞群进行了随机地震响应分析,并对之进行了地震动力可靠度的探讨。结果表明：较之常规方法,基于传递函数的方法除可得到洞室群的随机地震响应以外,还可同时得到洞室群的地震响应频谱特性,并可以直接利用传递函数得到确定性地震动输入下洞室群的响应值进行验证,显示对问题的研究具有更加深刻的优势;将所得到的随机地震响应结果与基于传递函数的确定性估算结果,与实际时程计算得到的确定性结果比较,吻合良好;首次采用超越破坏理论对地下洞室群进行地震动力可靠度分析的可行性,为地下工程抗震可靠度计算中如何以动力方式考虑地震荷载的随机性提供了一些新思路。     

我国热带亚热带部分地区花岗岩和片麻岩中黑云母风化研究

综合应用Ｘ射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜及偏光显微镜等技术手段研究了我国热带、亚热带部分地区花岗岩和片麻岩中黑云母的风化现象。结果表明，化学风化产物主要有黑云母／蛭石不规则间层矿物、水黑云母、蛭石、０．７ｎｍ埃洛石及铁的氢氧化物（氧化物）等。影响黑云母风化及次生产物形成的主要因素包括黑云母的晶体结构和化学成分、气候、风化壳母岩的矿物成分等。     

Main features of regional circulation variation during onset of the south china sea monsoon in 1998

1.IntroductionTheAsiansummermonsoonconsistsoftwosystems,i.e.,theSouthAsianmonsoonandtheEastAsianmonsoon.TheSouthChinaSea(SCS)monsoonisoneoftheimportantsubsystemsoftheEastAsianmonsoon.IthaslongbeenconcernedabouttherelationshipoftheSCSmonsoonwithchangesofthegeneralcirculationandweatherpatternsinadjacentregions.TaoandChen(1987)suggestedthattheonsetoftheAsiansummermonsoonstartsfirstinthenorthernSCSusuallyinmid--May,thenpropagatesnorthwardtothemainlandofChinaandthewesternPacificsouthofJap…     

西太平洋副热带高压对华北地区降水蒸发差的影响

采用小波相关和交叉小波变换等方法, 分析了西太平洋副热带高压脊线和北界位置变化对华北地区降水蒸发差的影响。结果表明, 2000年以来华北区南部的水资源短缺问题有所缓解, 但以北京为中心的华北区东北部仍处于持续缺水期; 华北地区降水蒸发差与副热带高压脊线及北界位置变化相关密切, 存在年际和年代际尺度的显著相关振荡, 与副热带高压脊线的年代际尺度相关凝聚性最强; 时域中年际尺度相关存在局部化特征, 年代际尺度相关具有阶段性。分析认为, 2000年以来副热带高压脊线和北界位置偏北并维持反气旋型环流, 有利于水汽向华北输送, 使得华北降水增多, 是近年来华北中南部降水蒸发差增大的主要原因; 而东亚季风减弱不利于西南气流的水汽输送, 以及蒙古高原显著增暖导致蒸发增大等因素, 使得华北东北部仍处于持续缺水期。     

Vertical Observations and Analysis of PM2.5, O3, and NOx at Beijing and Tianjin from Towers during Summer and Autumn 2006

During the period between 18 August and 22 September 2006, an ultraviolet photometric O3 analyzer, a NO-NO2-NOx chemiluminescence analyzer, and a quartz micro-oscillating-scale particle concentration analyzer were simultaneously used for monitoring at three different heights each at Beijing (325-m tower) and Tianjin (255-m tower). These towers belong to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and to the Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau, respectively. These measurements were used to continuously measure the atmospheric O3 and NOx volume-by-volume concentrations and the PM2.5 mass concentration within a vertical gradient. When combined with meteorological data and information on the variation of vertical characteristics of the various atmospheric pollutants in the two cities, analysis shows that these two cities were seriously polluted by both PM2.5 and O3 during summer and autumn. The highest daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 near the ground in Beijing and Tianjin reached 183 μg m-3 and 165 μg m-3, respectively, while the O3 concentrations reached 52 ppb and 77 ppb, and NOx concentrations reached 48 ppb and 62 ppb for these two cities, respectively. The variations in the daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 between Beijing and Tianjin were demonstrated to be consistent over time. The concentrations of PM2.5 measured in Beijing were found to be higher than those in Tianjin. However, the overall O3 concentrations near the ground in Tianjin were higher than in Beijing. NOx concentrations in Tianjin were consistently lower than in Beijing. It was also found that PM2.5 pollution in Beijings atmosphere may also be affected by the pollutants originating in and delivered from Tianjin, and that Ti     

The 2020/21 Extremely Cold Winter in China Influenced by the Synergistic Effect of La Niña and Warm Arctic

In the first half of winter 2020/21,China has experienced an extremely cold period across both northern and southern regions,with record-breaking low temperatures set in many stations of China.Meanwhile,a moderate La Ni?a event which exceeded both oceanic and atmospheric thresholds began in August 2020 and in a few months developed into its mature phase,just prior to the 2020/21 winter.In this report,the mid?high-latitude large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere,which were forced by the negative phase of Arctic Oscillation,a strengthened Siberian High,an intensified Ural High and a deepened East Asian Trough,are considered to be the direct reason for the frequent cold surges in winter 2020/21.At the same time,the synergistic effect of the warm Arctic and the cold tropical Pacific(La Ni?a)provided an indispensable background,at a hemispheric scale,to intensify the atmospheric circulation anomalies in middle-to-high latitudes.In the end,a most recent La Ni?a prediction is provided and the on-coming evolution of climate is discussed for the remaining part of the 2020/21 winter for the purpose of future decision-making and early warning.     

FY-3E: The First Operational Meteorological Satellite Mission in an Early Morning Orbit

Fengyun-3 E(FY-3E),the world’s first early-morning-orbit meteorological satellite for civil use,was launched successfully at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 5 July 2021.The FY-3E satellite will fill the vacancy of the global early-morning-orbit satellite observation,working together with the FY-3C and FY-3D satellites to achieve the data coverage of early morning,morning,and afternoon orbits.The combination of these three satellites will provide global data coverage for numerical weather prediction(NWP)at 6-hour intervals,effectively improving the accuracy and time efficiency of global NWP,which is of great significance to perfect the global earth observing system.In this article,the background and meteorological requirements for the early-morning-orbit satellite are reviewed,and the specifications of the FY-3E satellite,as well as the characteristics of the onboard instrumentation for earth observations,are also introduced.In addition,the ground segment and the retrieved geophysical products are also presented.It is believed that the NWP communities will significantly benefit from an optimal temporal distribution of observations provided by the early morning,mid-morning,and afternoon satellite missions.Further benefits are expected in numerous applications such as the monitoring of severe weather/climate events,the development of improved sampling designs of the diurnal cycle for accurate climate data records,more efficient monitoring of air quality by thermal infrared remote sensing,and the quasicontinuous monitoring of the sun for space weather and climate.