西安地热田医疗热矿水的产出状况分析

本文介绍了西安地热田概况及开采现状, 重点讨论了西安地热田医疗热矿水的产出状况     

Deepwater Ventilation and Stratification in the Neogene South China Sea

Combined data of physical property, benthic foraminifera, and stable isotopes from ODP Sites 1148, 1146, and 1143 are used to discuss deep water evolution in the South China Sea (SCS) since the Early Miocene. The results indicate that 3 lithostratigraphic units, respectively corresponding to 21-17 Ma, 15-10 Ma, and 10-5 Ma with positive red parameter (a*) marking the red brown sediment color represent 3 periods of deep water ventilation. The first 2 periods show a closer link to contemporary production of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and Northern Component Water (NCW), indicating a free connection of deep waters between the SCS and the open ocean before 10 Ma. After 10 Ma, red parameter dropped but stayed higher than the modern value (a*=0), the CaCO3 percentage difference between Site 1148 from a lower deepwater setting and Site 1146 from an upper deepwater setting enlarged significantly, and benthic species which prefer oxygen-rich bottom conditions dramatically decreased. Coupled with a major negative excursion of benthic δ13C at ~10 Ma, these parameters may denote a weakening in the control of the SCS deep water by the open ocean. Probably they mark the birth of a local deep water due to shallow waterways or rise of sill depths during the course of sea basin closing from south to east by the west-moving Philippine Arc after the end of SCS seafloor spreading at 16-15 Ma. However, it took another 5 Ma before the dissolved oxygen approached close to the modern level. Although the oxygen level continued to stabilize, several Pacific Bottom Water (PBW) and Pacific Deep Water (PDW) marker species rapidly increased since ~6 Ma, followed by a dramatic escalation in planktonic fragmentation which indicates high dissolution especially after ~5 Ma. The period of 5-3 Ma saw the strongest stratified deepwater in the then SCS, as indicated by up to 40% CaCO3 difference between Sites 1148 and 1146. Apart from a strengthening PDW as a result of global cooling and ice cap buildup on northern high latitudes, a deepening sea basin due to stronger subduction eastward may also have triggered the influx of more corrosive waters from the deep western Pacific. Since 3 Ma, the evolution of the SCS deep water entered a modern phase, as characterized by relative stable 10% CaCO3 difference between the two sites and increase in infaunal benthic species which prefer a low oxygenated environment. Thesubsequent reduction of PBW and PDW marker species at about 1.2 Ma and 0.9 Ma and another significant negative excursion of benthic δ13C to a Neogene minimum at ~0.9 Ma together convey a clear message that the PBW largely disappeared and the PDW considerably weakened in the Mid-Pleistocene SCS. Therefore, the true modern mode SCS deep water started to form only during the "Mid-Pleistocene climatic transition" probably due to the rise of sill depths under the Bashi Strait.     

浅海孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺浅析

主要介绍了浅海海域锆钛砂矿勘查中采用孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺的原理、注意事项并简单介绍工程实例。经实践证明该工艺具有较好的使用价值,可以推广到工程钻探中。     

Relationship of the interannual variability of the Indonesian Throughflow with the IOD over the tropical Indian Ocean

Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis product, the interannual variability of the upper-ocean ITF volume transport from 1958 to 2001 is investigated. The wavelet analysis shows a second prominent interannual oscillation with a period of about 2–4 years. To reveal any relationship between this band-scale oscillation of the upper-ocean ITF and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), correlation and wavelet analyses are used. The correlation coefficient between the upper-ocean ITF and IOD reaches –0.35 with the upper-ocean ITF lagging the IOD index by 8 months. The dipole structure of IOD event is reproduced by the correlation with the upper-ocean ITF lagging the SST anomaly over the tropical Indian Ocean by 8 months from 1958 to 2001. The upper-ocean ITF and IOD show high coherency from about 1975 to 2001. The fact that the wavelet power spectrum of the upper-ocean ITF shows similar structure to that of IOD index supports this high coherency. These analyses suggest that the 2–4-year band-scale oscillation of the upper-ocean ITF is uniquely related to IOD over the tropical Indian Ocean.     

青海湖盆地史前狩猎采集人群的石料利用策略研究

史前人类向青藏高原扩散的过程和适应高海拔缺氧环境的机制是多学科关注的热点科学问题。青海湖盆地是青藏高原旧石器-中石器时代遗址分布最为丰富的区域,对这些遗址出土的石制品原料的分析有助于深入理解青藏高原史前狩猎采集人群的石料开发策略、人群迁徙和交流联系。青海湖盆地151遗址出土的928件石制品的石料研究分析显示,处于末次冰消期的下文化层的石制品以近源的石英和石英岩为主要原料,而处于全新世早中期的上文化层在同类型近源石料仍占主体地位的情况下,开始出现较高比例和多样化的优质硅质石料,并且主要用于生产细石器。野外调查和查阅地质资料均未发现青海湖盆地内有151遗址中出现的同类型优质硅质石料产出,推测其来自远距离搬运。青海湖盆地内其他8个末次冰消期至全新世中期遗址的3269件石制品石料分析结果显示,与151遗址同类型的远源优质硅质石料在全新世早期开始在盆地内的遗址中出现。这一结果表明青海湖盆地末次冰消期古人类活动强度和范围有限,全新世早中期古人类受到全新世大暖期气候变好和周边地区农业人群兴起挤压活动空间的双重影响,在高原上的活动范围和强度大大增加,伴随着开始有意识地开发优质石料,较频繁地进行远距离迁...     

广东省1954—1990年的气候特征及异常

用１９５４－１９９０年的月平均温度和降水资料，计算了广东省冬，夏半年和全年３个时距５个不同区域的温度和降水分级指数，讨论了广东省近４０年来的一些基本气候特征和全省气候异常的变化规律。提出：广东各区的气候特别是降水方面有明显差异；全省平均冬装卸温度的分级指数，夏半年降水的分级指数分别有明显的７年和１１年的周期；全年的温度和降水的分级指数分别有７，１３，１１年的周期。     

水准网平差中权的设定问题

本文试从理论上和实践上证明,目前广泛采用的水准网平差的取权方法是很不恰当的,加多了工作量,反而降低了平差的质量。本文首先从水准测量的误差机理出发,导出了计算每公里偶然中误差η的严密公式,从而进一步利用一些重复的资料,对每公里系统误差σ的特性进行了分析。由于σ在目前的一般水准测量作业中还是不能确定的,所以研究j在各种不同情况下略去σ定权,对平差质量所产生的影响。用各种取权方式试算的结果说明,按目前习用的方式取权,结果最差。文中提出了较好的取权方法。     

多波束测深系统内部参数的检测与分析

针对多波束测量换能器校准不完善问题,提出了一种基于加权最小二乘的多波束换能器横摇偏差二次校正方法。基于平坦海底的多波束回波数据,采用加权最小二乘法拟合海底地形,进而计算海底倾角,即可得到换能器横摇偏差角度,将得到的角度偏差作为修正值,对测船模型中换能器横摇偏差进行校正。实验结果表明,较之改正前,校正后的水深数据在条带交叉区域具有较小的不符值,证明校正后的多波束水深数据具有更高的精度。     

移动测量技术及其应用

讨论了全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）/里程计（odometer,ODO）/惯性导航系统（inertial navigation system,INS）组合定位定姿中误差校正与ODO/INS组合导航两个方面的问题。针对里程计刻度因子和安装误差角的校正,在不改变原GNSS/INS滤波器的基础上,设计了GNSS/INS与INS/ODO两级卡尔曼滤波器级联结构,将INS导航误差与里程计刻度因子误差、安装误差角分别列入两个滤波器的系统状态中,在GNSS连续观测和固定模糊度条件下,利用里程计和惯导里程增量之差作为INS/ODO卡尔曼滤波器的外部观测,对误差进行校正。另一方面,使用校正过的里程计和安装误差角,在GNSS失锁条件下对INS进行观测和修正。跑车实验结果表明,本文算法可以有效校正里程计刻度因子和定位定姿（positioning and orientaton system,POS）安装误差角,同时大幅提高GNSS失锁条件下的定位精度,配合平滑卡尔曼滤波器,可将城市移动测量两分钟GNSS失锁条件下的定位误差控制在0.5 m以内。     

平面离散点集拓扑邻近稳定区域计算模型

本文利用Voronoi图及其对偶Delaunay三角网研究了平面离散点集拓扑邻近稳定区域的计算方法,证明了点的拓扑邻近稳定区域必须满足的两个条件,给出了点的拓扑邻近稳定区域定量计算模型,并通过实验证明其正确性。