南亚高压的研究进展及展望

简要回顾了20世纪70年代以来,南亚高压研究工作的若干主要进展,对比分析了不同时期的一些特点,在此基础上展望了今后南亚高压研究的重要方向和基本趋势.     

Interannual Thermocline Signals and El Nio-La Nia Turnabout in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

One of the fundamental questions concerning the nature and prediction of the oceanic states in the equatorial eastern Pacific is how the turnabout from a cold water state (La Nina) to a warm water state (El Nino) takes place, and vice versa. Recent studies show that this turnabout is directly linked to the interannual thermocline variations in the tropical Pacific Ocean basin. An index, as an indicator and precursor to describe interannual thermocline variations and the turnabout of oceanic states in our previous paper (Qian and Hu, 2005), is also used in this study. The index, which shows the maximum subsurface temperature anomaly (MSTA), is derived from the monthly 21-year (1980-2000) expendable XBT dataset in the present study. Results show that the MSTA can be used as a precursor for the occurrences of El Nino (or La Nina) events. The subsequent analyses of the MSTA propagations in the tropical Pacific suggest a one-year potential predictability for El Nino and La Nina events by identifying ocean temperature anomalies in the thermocline of the western Pacific Ocean. It also suggests that a closed route cycle with the strongest signal propagation is identified only in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. A positive (or negative) MSTA signal may travel from the western equatorial Pacific to the eastern equatorial Pacific with the strongest signal along the equator. This signal turns northward along the tropical eastern boundary of the basin and then moves westward along the north side of off-equator around 16°N. Finally, the signal returns toward the equator along the western boundary of the basin. The turnabout time from an El Nino event to a La Nina event in the eastern equatorial Pacific depends critically on the speed of the signal traveling along the closed route, and it usually needs about 4 years. This finding may help to predict the occurrence of the El Nino or La Nina event at least one year in advance.     

Numerical Simulation of Long-Term Climate Change in East Asia

A 10-yr regional climate simulation was performed using the fifth-generation PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 3 (MM5V3) driven by large-scale NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Simulations of winter and summer mean regional climate features were examined against observations. The results showed that the model could well simulate the 10-yr winter and summer mean circulation, temperature, and moisture transport at middle and low levels. The simulated winter and summer mean sea level pressure agreed with the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data. The model could well simulate the distribution and intensity of winter mean precipitation rates as well as the distribution of summer mean precipitation rates, but it overestimated the summer mean precipitation over North China. The model's ability to simulate the regional climate change in winter was superior to that in summer. In addition, the model could simulate the inter-annual variation of seasonal precipitation and surface air temperature. Geopotential heights and temperature at middle and high levels between simulations and observations exhibited high anomaly correlation coefficients. The model also showed large variability to simulate the regional climate change associated with the El Nino events. The MM5V3 well simulated the anomalies of summer mean precipitation in 1992 and 1995, while it demonstrated much less ability to simulate that in 1998. Generally speaking, the MM5V3 is capable of simulating the regional climate change, and could be used for long-term regional climate simulation.     

基于ArcGIS Engine的地理信息数据库管理系统设计与实现

随着社会的发展,空间信息在国土、规划等各领域的应用越来越广泛,且其容量也呈几何级增长,如何安全高效地管理、分发空间数据,成为深入应用地理信息系统功能的必要前提。本文以作者实际工作为基础,介绍了利用ESRI公司最新产品ArcGIS Engine开发包设计实现地理信息数据库管理系统的具体方法。     

一种基于人工免疫的图像分割算法

图像二维熵分割,一直因耗时长而限制了实际应用。本文借鉴生物免疫思想,提出二维熵图像分割的人工免疫算法。在克隆选择算法中引入疫苗的免疫接种,用于优化最优分割阈值对的搜索过程。在遥感高分辨率图像上的实验显示,该算法不仅能准确搜索到最优阈值对,而且计算时间只有传统算法的1.8%。该算法也验证了人工免疫思想用于图像分割的可行性和有效性。     

惠州市1：5000卫星正射影像图测绘工程研究

我国利用IKONOS卫星影像制作1:5000正射影像图主要是集中在研究领域。惠州市国土资源局于2004年2月利用IKONOS卫星影像制作覆盖惠州市辖区1．2万平方公里的1:5000正射影像图,项目由广东省国土资源信息中心承担。大面积的测区利用IKONOS卫星制作1: 5000正射影像图在国内还属首次。本文探讨该测绘工程的实施技术及质量控制方法。     

矿产资源管理信息系统设计与开发

基于GIS的矿产资源管理信息系统采用地理信息系统(GIS)技术、SQL Server数据库技术以及网络技术,实现了矿产资源信息图形数据与属性数据统一管理,为矿产资源管理工作提供了现代化的科学管理手段和决策支持。本文介绍了系统的设计与实现、系统包含的工作模块、各个模块的功能结构以及采用的技术特点。     

ZHANG Heng’s Seismometer and Longxi earthquake in AD 134

Introduction Houhan Shu?ZHANG Heng Biography written by FAN Ye(AD398?AD445,South-North Dynasties)described about the response of ZHANG Heng’s Seismometer to Longxi earthquake as follows.“On one occasion a dragon dropped a ball without an earthquake being felt.All the scholars in the capital blamed this effect happening without any feelings of the earthquake.Several days later,a messenger arrived reporting that an earthquake really had taken place at Longxi.There-upon people all a…     

Comparison between earthquake magni-tudes determined by China seismograph network and US seismograph network (II): Surface wave magnitude

Introduction Earthquake magnitude is the most common measure of an earthquake′s size,and is one of the basic parameters of an earthquake.There are three most familiar scales of earthquake magnitude:ML(local earthquake magnitude),MS(surface wave magnitude)and mB/mb(body wave magni-tude).Richter(1935)introduced ML when studying earthquakes in Southern California.In1945,Gutenberg(1945a)put forward surface wave magnitude scale to determine earthquake magnitude(MS)using surface waves(20s)of s…     

3-D rheologic model of earthquake prepa-ration (III): Precursor field

Introduction Based on the elastic theory of hard inclusion model proposed by Dobrovolskii (1991), we developed a rheologic inclusion model to study the spatial-temporal variation of earthquake pre-cursor by using the bulk-strain field resulted from rheologic inclusion model (SONG et al, 2000). Based on the elastic inclusion theory, the analytical expressions for the viscoelastic displacement field and strain field of rheologic inclusion model are derived (SONG et al, 2003, 2004). Further-m…