中国西部强震活动与武都应变变化关系分析

武都RZB-Ⅱ型钻孔式压容应变仪自1992年投入观测以来,至今已多次记录完整的地震波形。选取了1993年以来的中国西部地区所发生的几次7级以上强震,通过对震前武都应变资料的分析后发现这几次地震前武都应变资料均存在着显著的中、短临异常变化;并对出现前兆异常的机理进行了初步分析。     

Differentiation of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) based on an analysis of morphology and complete mitochondrial DNA: Are cryptic species present?

Two morphotypes of Plectropomus leopardus have been identified; morphometric and meristic analyses show that there is no diagnostic difference between them. A difference in color pattern was the most appropriate phenotypic character with which to distinguish between the two morphotypes. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequencing, however, indicated a clear difference between the two morphotypes. Barcoding analysis revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) in CO1 or ND2 divergence among intramorphotypic individuals, even between geographically separated populations, whereas the intermorphotypic CO1 and ND2 divergences were large enough (averaging 0.95% for CO1 and 1.37% for ND2) to clearly discriminate between the two morphotypes. The color pattern difference, geographical distribution, together with the mtDNA and barcode sequencing data, suggest that the two morphotypes should be of two subspecies or even two species.     

Visualizing Upwelling at Monterey Bay in an Integrated Environment of GIS and Scientific Visualization

Oceanographic data are complex in that they incorporate multiple measurements and various scales. They are truly three-dimensional, and often vary in time. As the ability to acquire data is constantly being enhanced by the introduction of new and increasingly sophisticated instruments, it is challenging for oceanographers to inspect oceanographic processes by analyzing the complex data conventionally. In this article, we discuss an integrated GIS/visualization approach to visualize oceanographic data in Monterey Bay in order to get a better understanding of upwelling processes. The GIS system performs data interpolation, unifies map projection, and filters the processed data to a computer visualization package. The multidimensional visualization and animation features of the visualization tool are used to gain insight into marine upwelling processes. In such an integrated environment, the water properties (i.e., temperature, salinity, and density) in Monterey Bay during upwelling are visualized, and the characteristics of upwelling are examined. The center of upwelling and the maximum depth of upwelling in Monterey Bay during the 1995 upwelling season are identified. The differences in temperature changing patterns between a typical upwelling year and an El Nino year are shown in this study. The integration of GIS and visualization makes it easier for oceanographers to discover and understand upwelling.     

不同氮磷比及铁浓度对球形棕囊藻二甲基硫和二甲巯基丙酸内盐生产的影响

本文通过实验室培养研究了不同氮磷比(0∶1、5∶1、20∶1、50∶1)以及铁浓度(10、100、1 000nmol·L-1)对球形棕囊藻二甲基硫(DMS)和二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)产生的影响。富磷浓度(36.12μmol·L-1)条件下的球形棕囊藻DMS和DMSP的产量明显高于贫磷浓度条件下(0.361 2μmol·L-1)的DMS和DMSP的产量,N/P比为50∶1时球形棕囊藻的DMS和DMSP产量明显高于其他N/P比(0∶1、5∶1、20∶1)的DMS和DMSP产量,但N/P比为50∶1时单位Chl-aDMS/DMSP产量在4个N/P比(0∶1、5∶1、20∶1、50∶1)中却最低。贫磷培养液的DMSPd在N/P比为0∶1时峰值显著高于其它N/P比(5∶1、20∶1、50∶1)条件下的DMSPd,并且N/P比为50∶1时DMS的释放量最大。低Fe3+浓度有助于球形棕囊藻藻液中DMSPd的形成,Fe3+浓度为1 000nmol·L-1时单位Chl-a的DMSPp产量最小,而单位Chl-a的DMS生产能力在Fe3+浓度为100nmol·L-1时得到加强。     

中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)个体核酸含量及其对生长状况的指示作用

采用荧光染色法对黄、东海春、秋季中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)个体核酸含量进行了研究,初步探讨了RNA∶DNA比对中华哲水蚤生长状况的指示作用。结果表明,中华哲水蚤在饥饿培养24h后RNA∶DNA比值显著降低;雄性个体RNA含量和RNA∶DNA比值显著低于雌体和C5期幼体;春、秋季(2009年5月和2010年11月)个体RNA含量和RNA∶DNA比值存在显著的空间变化,两者最高值均出现在近岸;两个月份DNA含量相对稳定,在2.5—3.5μg/ind之间;个体RNA含量和RNA:DNA比值与叶绿素之间显著正相关,说明饵料是中华哲水蚤的生长过程中重要的影响因素。     

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)腐皮综合症发生相关蛋白的分离与鉴定

采用比较蛋白质组学的方法,对2011年10月20日取自辽宁省普兰店室内养殖厂腐皮综合症刺参和健康个体肠组织中差异表达蛋白进行了研究。结果表明,在优化的电泳条件(80μg脱盐蛋白、pH4—7[NL,13cm]的IPG预制胶条)下,共检测到约700个蛋白质点;表达量差异两倍以上的蛋白点51个,最大表达差异比率为4.32;对其中重复性一致的30个差异点进行质谱鉴定,成功鉴定了23个差异蛋白,包括铁蛋白,过氧化氢酶,泛素相关修饰子3,细胞色素氧化酶和肌动蛋白等;进一步扫描实验室完成的刺参转录组数据,筛选了过氧化氢酶和泛素相关修饰子3的EST序列。本研究是蛋白层面上刺参腐皮综合症发生机制的有效尝试,研究结果为进一步认识该疾病的发生机制提供了参考。     

Phylogeography of the shrimp Palaemon floridanus (Crustacea: Caridea: Palaemonidae): a partial test of meta‐population genetic structure in the wider Caribbean

Marine organisms with a pelagic stage are often assumed to display minor population structure given their extended larval development and subsequent high long‐distance dispersal ability. Nonetheless, considerable population structure might still occur in species with high dispersal ability due to current oceanographic and/or historical processes. Specifically, for the wider Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that populations inhabiting each of the following areas should be genetically distinct: Panama, Belize, Southwest Florida (Tampa), and Southeast Florida (Fort Pierce). This study tests the hypothesis of significant genetic differentiation in Palaemon floridanus populations across the wider Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Population level comparisons were conducted using sequences of the mtDNA COI. In agreement with predictions, AMOVA and pairwise F_ST values demonstrated population differentiation among most pairs of the studied populations. Only Panama and East Florida populations were genetically similar. An isolation‐with‐migration population divergence model (implemented in IMA2) indicated that population divergence with incomplete lineage sorting can be invoked as the single mechanism explaining genetic dissimilarity between populations from the east and west coast of Florida. Historical demographic analyses indicated demographic expansion of P. floridanus in some localities [recent in Panama and ancient in East Florida and the wider Caribbean (entire dataset)] but constant population in other localities (in Belize and West Florida). This study rejects the idea of panmixia in marine species with high long‐distance dispersal ability. Contemporary and historical processes might interact in a complex manner to determine current phylogeographic patterns.     

逆转座子序列插入——海湾扇贝过氧化物还原酶V 第1 内含子分析

根据海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)过氧化物还原酶V(AiPrxV)的cDNA序列和部分基因组DNA序列设计引物,采用基因组步移方法扩增获得其第1内含子(I1)完整序列,并通过Blast比对、DNAMAN和RepFind搜索进行序列分析。AiPrxV I1长8 565bp,占AiPrxV基因全长的68%,AT%显著高于GC%。在5 900-6 700bp的区域中包含了不完整的编码区,经分析与文昌鱼、海胆的逆转录酶有极高的相似性,其N端与多种动植物逆转座子的逆转录酶C端具有相似特征。此外,发现AiPrxV I1中包含283个重复序列,在3 500-4 000bp和6 800-7 200bp区域尤为密集。以上特点提示海湾扇贝过氧化物还原酶V第1内含子可能是由一个非长末端重复元件逆转座子(non-LTR retrotransposons)插入,逐渐演变而形成的。     

一种承压堵漏新方法的实验研究

钻井过程中会遇到一些微裂缝地层,这往往要引起井漏.轻微的井漏可能只是耗费处理时间及成本,而严重井漏则可能会诱发诸如井塌、卡钻、井喷等一系列复杂情况或者事故,这将不仅影响钻井工作的效率,还带来巨大的经济损失.所以,堵漏是钻井过程中必须经常面对的问题,能够低成本地实现承压堵漏对于钻井井漏的处理就显得格外重要.使用新的材料/方法来提高地层的承压能力,即在抗高温聚磺钻井液中加入矿渣（KZ）,并在激活剂处理液中培养,配制出新型的堵漏钻井液体系.经过试验证明,加入KZ对钻井液常规性能的影响不大,不但能大幅度提高地层的承压能力,同时证明了激活剂对于激活KZ活性的可行性.对于抗高温聚磺钻井液,当KZ加量为30％、并且激活剂加量为30％时,试样的承压能力达到最大.此方法在一定程度上提高了微裂缝地层的承压能力.     

基于GRACE卫星测量得到的中国及其周边地区陆地水量变化

GRACE卫星成功开辟了空间大地测量对地观测的新途径。利用GRACE卫星得到的时变地球重力资料,分析估计了中国及其周边地区陆地水量的变化趋势,较为清晰地揭示了该地区季节性变化特征。进一步采用13点滑动平均的方法扣除了季节性变化,提取了4个特征区域(喜马拉雅南部,新疆与西藏及其周边的亚洲高山区域,中国华北、东北地区和中国南部地区)的陆地水量变化特征信息,这4个区域陆地水量的变化趋势分别为-12.7±0.7、-60.4±2.7、-12.5±0.5和6.6±0.9 km³/a。其中：喜马拉雅南部和亚洲高山区域陆地水量呈现明显的衰减趋势,与Matsuo和Heki模拟冰川质量损失源得到的结果较为一致;但近10年来亚洲高山区域西北部冰川加速融化趋势并不明显。中国华北、东北地区和南部地区水量变化比较复杂,具不稳定的变化趋势。