京津地区近50年来水稻播种面积变化及其对降水变化的响应研究

基于滑动－ｔ突变检验结果,对京津两地近５０年来水稻种植面积的变化进行了阶段划分,并分别讨论了各阶段的变化特点。两地水稻种植面积的阶段性均受自然、技术和政策等多方面因素的综合影响。事件相关分析发现,作为人类对隆水变化响应的裟种植面积的变化较降水变化滞后一年,使得年雨量变化与当年水稻种植面积变化之间存在在明显的负相关。     

福建省山仔水库浮游植物特征与水体富营养状况分析

采用浮游植物指示法评价了福州省山仔水库2005年不同季节水体的富营养状况,结果表明:冬、春季库区水体处于中—富营养水平,夏季发生水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)“水华”,水体处于富营养水平,秋季水体处于中营养水平.由于浮游植物的生长状况受到多因素的影响,有必要进一步结合其他评价方法对整个水体的富营养状态做出综合判断.     

潜流带生物地球化学特征研究进展

潜流带(即地表水-地下水交互作用带)是位于地表水和地下水之间发生物质和能量交换的,具有物理、化学、生物梯度的饱和含水带。潜流带内发生着强烈的生物地球化学过程,在改善水环境质量和维持水生态系统稳定中发挥着重要作用。潜流带生物地球化学特征主要受河床沉积物结构特征、水文特征、环境特征、生物群落格局、物质输入等因素的影响,潜流带内C、N、P元素以及有毒金属元素(Fe、Mn、As、Hg等)会发生氧化-还原、吸附与解吸、沉淀与溶解、生物催化等生物地球化学过程。原位监测、数值模拟、原位培养和地球物理探测等技术是潜流带中生物地球化学过程研究中常用的研究手段。未来针对潜流带的研究可以从监测和数值模拟技术、河床沉积物变化特征以及微生物生态系统的结构和功能等方面进一步开展。     

周庄古镇创造性破坏与地方身份转化

地方身份通过内外部政治经济力量交互作用,成为当地社会关系的历史纹理,是利益相关者意识形态的反映。以周庄为案例地,借助创造性破坏模型深入分析古镇地方身份转化。研究发现：周庄满足该模型的3 个主要变量。与西方企业家主导模式不同,中国政府对旅游的推动作用是强大的,不仅履行决策制定者和投资者的职能,而且为象征资本的创造、社会资本的延伸和文化资本的维护做出贡献;伴随着游客数量的增加和动机的多样化,商业化景观迅速蔓延,不断冲击古镇遗产景观身份;居民对旅游发展的态度经历了积极—消极—积极的回归过程。从文化霸权与表征、游客凝视、人口置换与社会身份复杂性等角度对周庄古镇地方身份转化进行理论解释,认为地方身份是利益相关者之间相互"谈判"和妥协的产物,表征主流意识形态;为适应游客凝视,利益相关者以东拼西凑的形式改造古镇地方身份;人口置换的结果增加了"新周庄人"社会身份的复杂性,由此带来社会关系破碎、社会认同下降、地方感丧失等问题,导致周庄地方身份转化。     

Visualization issues in the development of electronic atlas in China

In this paper, we discuss the development of electronic atlas in China, with focus on the issues of visualization. We particularly categorise this development into four periods, and then analyse the characters in each period and discuss the visualization issues. The four periods are highlighted: 1) Infant period (<1990) characterized as computer assisted mapping with products of screen maps; 2) Starting period (1991-1995) characterized as object-oriented mapping with products of interactive maps/atlases; 3) Advancing period (1996-2000) characterized as integrated mapping with products of multimedia cartographic maps; 4) New era (> 2001) characterized as web mapping and adaptive map design with products of Internet maps and atlas as well as adaptive maps. It is obvious that the development follows the logical way from static to dynamic, and even real time visualization, from single user to multiple users, from presentation to exploration for effective communication and knowledge construction. Current research and development projects are focused on customisation of atlas information systems for real-time tasks, Internet operability, small displays and mobile environments. The major challenges involved in each of such customisation processes are identified and commented in relation to the further development of visualization.     

重大项目对区域经济空间的影响——以广州市钟村镇新火车客站建设为例

在区域经济发展过程中,重大项目的影响比一般的经济因素显得更为重要和关键。而对受影响的区域来说,在我国现行行政区划体制下,乡镇所受的影响更为直接。2003年,广州新火车客站(以下简称新客站)规划选址于钟村镇石壁地区,引起了国内外的极大关注。通过实证分析,发现新客站的建设将会引起当地经济空间结构的极大改变,同时也会带来一系列的社会问题。     

贵阳城市地域结构演变及其环境效应

从城市地域范围 (规模 )、经济社会结构、职能结构、形态结构等方面阐述了贵阳城市地域结构演变的基本特征、趋势 ,探讨了城市地域结构演变的驱动力因子 ,并对近代贵阳城市地域结构演变所带来的系列环境效应进行了分析评述     

一种基于空间对象的缓冲区分析算法

在传统缓冲区分析基本思想的基础上,提出基于空间对象缓冲区分析定义,区别在于邻域半径:前者为常量,后者为变量。设计实现基于空间对象缓冲区分析算法,该算法以空间对象为计算粒度,分为计算缓冲区边界点、生成缓冲区多边形、筛选缓冲区多边形内空间对象3个步骤,并从算法执行机理的角度对其做定性与定量评估。结果表明,该算法解决了传统缓冲区分析难以处理图层内以空间实体为分析粒度的问题,时间和空间复杂度亦优于传统缓冲区分析算法。     

生态阻力面模型的构建及其在城市扩展模拟中的应用（英文）

Urban expansion models are useful tools to understand urbanization process and have been given much attention.However,urban expansion is a complicated socio-economic phenomenon that is affected by complex and volatile factors involving in great uncertainties.Therefore,the accurate simulation of the urban expansion process remains challenging.In this paper,we make an attempt to solve such uncertainty through a reversal process and view urban expansion as a process wherein the urban landscape overcomes resistance from other landscapes.We developed an innovative approach derived from the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR) model that involved the introduction of a relative resistance factor for different source levels and the consideration of rigid constraints on urban expansion caused by ecological barriers.Using this approach,the urban expansion ecological resistance(UEER)model was created to describe ecological resistance surfaces suitable for simulating urban expansion and used to simulate urban expansion in Guangzhou.The study results demonstrate that the ecological resistance surface generated by the UEER model comprehensively reflects ecological resistance to urban expansion and indicates the spatial trends in urban expansion.The simulation results from the UEER-based model were more realistic and more accurately reflected ecological protection requirements than the conventional MCR-based model.These findings can enhance urban expansion simulation methods.