鄱阳湖观鸟

我国长江中下游,江西省北部,鄱阳湖西汉,以千年古镇——永修吴城镇为中心,每年10月至翌年3月,水落滩出,各种形状的湖泊星罗棋布,草洲湿地碧绿一片;鱼虾螺蚌丰富,水草野花飘香,美丽的水乡泽国风光,吸引了大批来自内蒙古大草原、东北沼泽和西伯利亚荒野的珍禽候鸟到此越冬。     

长江上游国土资源,生态环境与灾害防治

长江上游干流流经青、藏、川、滇、鄂、渝6省市,支流涉及甘肃、陕西、贵州3省,流域面积为105.4×104km2,人口1.55亿,占全国国土面积的11.1%.长江上游地区经济发展相对落后,人均国民收入低,少数民族众多,与中下游经济发达地区差距很大.但上游地区蕴藏着巨大的经济开发潜能,丰富的水力和矿产等自然资源,以及农、林、牧等物产,对中下游地区经济发展有着巨大的支援作用.同时,由于自然地理上的相关性,又使上游地区的开发治理,对中下游地区的生态环境和可持续发展有着至关重要的作用.目前,长江上游森林植被大量减少,水源涵养能力下降,水土流失加剧:泥石流、滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害严重,旱、洪灾害频发;沿江大量排放废气、废水、污水,使大气和水体严重污染.随着上游地区生态环境的日益恶化,给中下游地区带来严重危害,河道、湖泊、水库淤积加速,洪涝灾害频繁发生,造成中下游地区经济建设和人民生命财产的重大损失.因此,必须尽快对长江上游地区进行全面综合治理,尽快开展新一轮国土资源大调查,制定各种自然资源的合理开发利用和保护方案;控制沿江污染源的排放,建立大气和水体污染监测系统;运用高新技术,建立上游重点地带地壳形变的动态监测和预警系统,防治地质灾害;充分利用上游地区丰富的水力资源,兴建多级水利设施,对地表水实施人工的时空控制,消除旱、洪灾害.     

藏东地区新生代构造体系与成矿的关系

区域构造和微构造分析表明，新生代藏东地区构造应力场自印支燕山期的NE-SW向挤压向喜马拉雅山期的NNE-SSW向压扭性转变，表现在：（1）沿昌都地块两侧及古生代一中生代形成的深大断裂带发生了大规模的右旋走滑活动，伴重型较强的碎裂岩化、拉伸线埂和剑鞘褶皱等，沿主断裂两侧叠加一系列NW、NNW及NE向雁行式排列的褶皱和张扭性断裂；（2）在区域上，沿大规模右旋走滑断裂两侧形成一系列雁行式排列的第三系走滑拉分盆地；（3）新生代岩浆活动沿走滑断裂两侧的张扭性次级断裂有规律分布，新生代构造体制的转变造成大规模成矿流体与富集，使新生代成为本区最重要的成矿时期，而北澜沧江，妥坝、温泉断裂带及车所乡断裂带北段是该期矿产最有利的富集部位。     

Sublethal toxicity of orchard stormwater runoff in Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) larvae

The sublethal effects of stormwater runoff from sections of a plum orchard treated with esfenvalerate or diazinon were evaluated in 7-day-old Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) larvae. Fish were exposed to eight runoff samples using the USEPA standard static renewal method for 96 h acute toxicity testing, then transferred to clean water for three-month to assess the survival, growth, histopathological abnormalities, and heat stress proteins (hsp). No significant mortality was observed at 96 h in exposed fish. At one week, histopathological abnormalities included severe glycogen depletion, cytoplasmic protein droplets, vacuolar degeneration, and cell necroses in liver of all exposure groups. Pyknotic nerve cells were seen in brain of one exposure group. Significantly higher cumulative mortality, lower condition factor, and elevated hsp60 and hsp70 levels (p < 0.05) were occurred in several exposure groups. No histopathological abnormalities were observed after three months in any exposure group. This study confirms that standard acute toxicity tests have underestimated the toxicity of stormwater runoff, and although splittail larvae survived the 96 h exposure, they exhibited reduced survival and growth and showed signs of cellular stress even after a three month recovery period.     

小型深基坑支护结构的设计与监测

在现今的基坑支护结构设计中,常会遇到周边存在高层建筑和地下车库而造成场地狭小的情况。通过对华彬大厦二期基坑支护结构的设计和施工,说明在小型深基坑采用桩锚支护结构的可行性。     

论微观与宏观尺度的现象

含金石英电气石脉及其中石英的应变均受控于应变椭球体的无畸变面（ｎｏｎ－ｄｉｓｔｏｒ－ｔｉｏｎｐｌａｎｅ）；石灰岩中的缝合线构造与桂林的中生代石灰岩喀斯特地形的形成受控于“溶解度前锋”（ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｎｔｓ）。笔者强调，这些微观、显现与宏观尺度现象的相似性和再现性在构造上是一种普遍现象，值得注意分析。     

Cytochrome P4501A expression,chemical contaminants and histopathology in roach,goby and sturgeon and chemical contaminants in sediments from the Caspian Sea,Lake Balkhash and the Ily River Delta,Kazakhstan

Roach, goby and sturgeon were examined for cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression and histopathology, in relation to contaminant burdens in fish and sediment. Gradients of induction of CYP1A were observed. Roach from the Ural and Ily River Deltas and roach and goby from the two stations nearest the Caspian Sea oil fields displayed higher levels of CYP1A expression in several organs than was observed in fish from further offshore. Great sturgeon and Russian sturgeon showed higher levels of CYP1A expression than was seen in starred sturgeon and gobies in the Ural delta. No fish showed evidence of contaminant-related histopathologies in the organs examined, despite the elevated CYP1A levels. Low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and elevated levels of inshore and riverine petroleum hydrocarbons from these habitats suggest that this ongoing hydrocarbon exposure, and that from natural sources and long-term oil exploration on the Northeastern Caspian shore, contributed to the CYP1A induction observed.     

Ecological condition of US Mid-Atlantic estuaries, 1997-1998

The Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA-Estuaries) evaluated ecological conditions in US Mid-Atlantic estuaries during the summers of 1997 and 1998. Over 800 probability-based stations were monitored in four main estuarine systems--Chesapeake Bay, the Delaware Estuary, Maryland and Virginian coastal bays, and the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System. Twelve smaller estuaries within the four main systems were also assessed to establish variance at the local scale. A subset of the MAIA-Estuaries data is used here to estimate the extent of eutrophication, sediment contamination, and benthic degradation in mid-Atlantic estuaries. An Environmental Report Card and Index of Environmental Integrity summarize conditions in individual estuaries, the four estuarine systems, and the entire MAIA region. Roughly 20-50% of the region showed signs of eutrophication (high nutrients, excessive production of organic matter, poor water clarity, or depleted dissolved oxygen), 30% had contaminated sediments, and 37% had degraded benthic communities. Compared with the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)-Virginian Province study in 1990-1993, larger fractions of Chesapeake Bay (17%) and Delaware River (32%) had increased metals or organics in sediments.     

上海—西安LAGEOS卫星激光联测实验的结果

1984年10月18—26日上海天文台人卫站和西安测绘研究所人卫站实施了对LAGEOS卫星的激光测距联合作业。上海站使用新研制成的第二代人卫激光测距仪，它的单次测距精度约为15厘米；西安站使用改进的G171人卫激光测距仪，它的单次测距精度约为25厘米。把全部观测分成两个弧段，即10月18—22日五天弧和10月23—26日四天弧进行处理。采用动力测地法解算了上海-西安两站之间的基线长度。两组解加权平均值的中误差为±0.11米。所得结果可用以检核大地三角网的长度测量。