基于Molodensky边值理论的似大地水准面计算模型改化及分析检验

针对源自现代Molodensky边值理论的似大地水准面计算模型适用性问题,首先分析研究了Molodensky级数解计算模型的技术特点,提出了3种特定计算模型的实用改化方法,同时设计了4种分步改化模型检验方案,使用超高阶位模型EGM2008作为数值模拟标准场,对分步改化模型的计算效果进行了数值精度检核,并开展了数据观测噪声影响评估检验,得出了一些有参考和实际应用价值的研究结论。在一定条件下,使用改化Molodensky方法计算似大地水准面可获得1cm的内符合度。     

基于点质量方法的似大地水准面计算模型改化及分析检验

针对源自位场等效源理论和点质量方法的似大地水准面计算模型适用性问题,重点围绕虚拟点质量反演和似大地水准面计算两个解算阶段,分别提出了3种实用化的积分模型改化方法,同时设计了3个阶段改化模型试验检验方案,使用超高阶位EGM2008作为数值模拟标准场,对两个解算阶段不同改化模型的计算效果进行了数值精度检核,并开展了数据观测噪声影响评估检验,得出了一些有参考和实际应用价值的研究结论。在一定条件下,使用改化点质量方法计算似大地水准面可获得1 cm的内符合度。     

基于栅格图片的建设用地图形辅助审查系统

本文介绍了在土地利用现状等基础数据库未建成的情况下,如何利用GIS技术实现栅格图件配准、拼接,界址点坐标无缝展示以及栅格图片的局部矢量化和面积量算等,为建设用地审查提供辅助依据,以提高用地审批的科学性和工作效率。     

Identifying the potential loss of monitoring wells using an uncertainty analysis

From the mid-1940s through the 1980s, large volumes of waste water were discharged at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State, causing a large-scale rise (>20 m) in the water table. When waste water discharges ceased in 1988, ground water mounds began to dissipate. This caused a large number of wells to go dry and has made it difficult to monitor contaminant plume migration. To identify monitoring wells that will need replacement, a methodology has been developed using a first-order uncertainty analysis with UCODE, a nonlinear parameter estimation code. Using a three-dimensional, finite-element ground water flow code, key parameters were identified by calibrating to historical hydraulic head data. Results from the calibration period were then used to check model predictions by comparing monitoring wells' wet/dry status with field data. This status was analyzed using a methodology that incorporated the 0.3 cumulative probability derived from the confidence and prediction intervals. For comparison, a nonphysically based trend model was also used as a predictor of wells' wet/dry status. Although the numerical model outperformed the trend model, for both models, the central value of the intervals was a better predictor of a wet well status. The prediction interval, however, was more successful at identifying dry wells. Predictions made through the year 2048 indicated that 46% of the wells in the monitoring well network are likely to go dry in areas near the river and where the ground water mound is dissipating.     

紫鹊界梯田失稳机制

为厘清降雨入渗作用对花岗岩区梯田边坡稳定性的影响,本文以湖南省紫鹊界梯田为例,在分析紫鹊界梯田地质条件的基础上,基于有限元数值模拟软件Geostudio多模块的耦合,分析了不同边坡坡度和不同土层厚度在暴雨条件下的渗流场和稳定性。研究结果表明:在降雨强度为90 mm/d、降雨历时为5 d的工况下,坡度为35°和40°的边坡处于失稳状态,稳定性系数与边坡坡度负相关;全风化土层越厚的边坡稳定性系数越低;在降雨历时5 d后,不同土层工况下的稳定性系数相差不大,但无降雨时,全风化土层越薄的边坡明显更加稳定。     

Plant growth and the performance of mangrove wetland microcosms for mariculture effluent depuration

This study established wetland microcosms that were either unplanted or planted in monoculture with native mangrove species in Taiwan (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa, and Lumnitzera racemosa) for the purpose of receiving high-salinity mariculture effluents; additionally, the microcosms operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Plant growth and the performance of the microcosms with respect to pollutant removal were investigated. The results showed that seedlings of all three mangrove species survived and grew sufficiently well under continuous flooding. The presence of mangroves consistently improved SS, BOD₅, and TP removal, particularly under short HRT conditions. The mangrove microcosms removed pollutants from the mariculture effluents with efficiencies of 5.7-27.1% (SS), 4.9-36.3% (BOD₅), 18.7-29.9% (TP), 21.2-49.8% (NH₄-N), and 5.4-37.7% (NO_x-N). A. marina and L. racemosa were more tolerant of continuous flooding than R. stylosa. However, no species displayed consistently superior performance in decreasing all pollutant-related parameters investigated. For all pollutants, microcosms operating at a 2-d HRT exhibited a higher removal efficiency than those operating at a 0.5-d HRT.     

福建省地质灾害信息与预警系统建设与应用

为了提高地质灾害防御能力,我省启动了地质灾害信息与预警系统项目建设,利用先进的信息化手段建立了以基础数据库为支撑,以综合管理信息系统为平台,以自动化预报预警系统为专业基础的信息化管理应用平台,实现了地质灾害防治的"自动化、智能化、科学化",有效减少因地质灾害引发的人员伤亡和财产损失。     

华北现今三维形变场空间变化的基本特征

以1999～2007年GNSS观测资料为基础,利用多核函数及应变场的无偏算法,在形变场连续变化的条件下获得了华北地区现今形变场的非线性空间变化结果,局部区域超8 mm/a,其他部位隆升一般在6 mm/a以内;华北平原存在着一个巨型沉降“漏斗”,漏斗中心的数值近60 mm/a.就构造活动而言,结果基本揭示了华北地区现今的形变特征.