北极径流增加对大西洋经向翻转环流影响的模拟研究

观测显示过去几十年间北极入海径流呈现增加趋势,CMIP5耦合模式预测表明21世纪北极入海径流仍会增加,在RCP8.5路径下,21世纪末北极入海径流量将会是1950年的1.4倍。本文利用冰-海耦合数值模式研究了北极径流增加对大西洋经向翻转环流的影响。基于两个数值实验的结果表明,如果北极入海径流按每年0.22%的速度（与RCP8.5路径下的速度相当）增加,大西洋经向翻转环流的强度在100、150和200年后将会分别减弱0.6（3%）、1.2（7%）和1.8（11%） Sv。北极入海径流增加导致大西洋经向翻转环流减弱的主要原因是,北极入海径流增加的淡水被输运到北大西洋后,会抑制北大西洋深层水的生成,这也会导致北大西洋深层水海水年龄的增加。     

水环境中的信息有机物与“水域生态讯息学”的提出

信息有机物(或化感物质)系指存在于自然环境,对生物物种或生物类群生存和生长有促进或抑制作用,并能通过调控生物丰度与群落结构来影响生态系统和生态环境的微痕量有机物。目前已知的信息有机物大多是分子质量小于10~4Da的醇、酚、萜、酯、多肽等小分子物质,它们随水体迁移扩散,通过控制酶活性或光合系统等途径影响目标生物生存生长,作用强度受微生物分解和营养水平等多种因素影响。水体中信息有机物一般是通过有机溶剂萃取或固相萃取富集后用色质联用鉴定结构并测定含量。本文系统总结了近年来水环境中信息有机物及其检测方法的主要研究进展,归纳总结了高效灵敏的水体信息有机物检测方法,阐述了水环境中信息有机物种类、结构、作用机制及其对水域生态学的意义,在此基础上,提出了"水域生态讯息学"的新概念,诠释了"水域生态讯息学"的内涵,这对于拓展生态学研究内容,揭示水生生物学发生机制,持续利用水生生物资源具有重要的科学意义和实际价值。     

Stability Analysis of Hybrid-Driven Underwater Glider

Hybrid-driven underwater glider is a new type of unmanned underwater vehicle, which combines the advantages of autonomous underwater vehicles and traditional underwater gliders. The autonomous underwater vehicles have good maneuverability and can travel with a high speed, while the traditional underwater gliders are highlighted by low power consumption, long voyage, long endurance and good stealth characteristics. The hybrid-driven underwater gliders can realize variable motion profiles by their own buoyancy-driven and propeller propulsion systems. Stability of the mechanical system determines the performance of the system. In this paper, the Petrel-Ⅱ hybrid-driven underwater glider developed by Tianjin University is selected as the research object and the stability of hybrid-driven underwater glider unitedly controlled by buoyancy and propeller has been targeted and evidenced. The dimensionless equations of the hybrid-driven underwater glider are obtained when the propeller is working. Then, the steady speed and steady glide path angle under steady-state motion have also been achieved. The steady-state operating conditions can be calculated when the hybrid-driven underwater glider reaches the desired steady-state motion. And the steady-state operating conditions are relatively conservative at the lower bound of the velocity range compared with the range of the velocity derived from the method of the composite Lyapunov function. By calculating the hydrodynamic coefficients of the Petrel-Ⅱ hybrid-driven underwater glider, the simulation analysis has been conducted. In addition, the results of the field trials conducted in the South China Sea and the Danjiangkou Reservoir of China have been presented to illustrate the validity of the analysis and simulation, and to show the feasibility of the method of the composite Lyapunov function which verifies the stability of the Petrel-Ⅱ hybrid-driven underwater glider.     

广西北部湾海洋腐木产孢真菌的分离鉴定和抗菌活性菌株筛选

采集广西北部湾钦州附近月亮湾、钦州港和茅尾海海域海洋腐木,采用稀释法分离纯化得到32株产孢真菌,对真菌的菌落、孢子和菌丝形态进行研究,32株真菌可被分为5种真菌类型,其中第I、II和III种类型的真菌仅分离于月亮湾,第IV和V种类型在3个样品采集地均有分离.通过ITS基因测序表明,32株真菌为5个不同的种,其分别属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和接合菌门(Zygomycota),可以确定种属的包括伞状霉属(Umbelopsis)和青霉菌属(Penicillium),其中分离的青霉菌属在数量上具有优势,占分离菌株总数的75%,属于优势种属.采用4种指示菌大肠杆菌(E.coli)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、烟草节杆菌(Arthrobacter nicotianae)、副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)检测抑菌活性,发现两株伞状霉属真菌Umbelopsis sp.B10和Umbelopsis sp.B9菌丝体提取物对四种指示菌均具有较强的抑制作用,另外两株青霉属真菌Penicillium sp.A5和Penicillium sp.B7的菌丝浸出物分别对革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性副溶血弧菌具有较强的抑制活性.本研究为首次报道广西北部湾海洋腐木真菌及其抗菌活性.     

甘肃石油河流域地下水补给来源与演化特征分析

针对石油河流域所包含的赤金盆地与花海盆地,综合利用地下水水化学指标与稳定同位素技术系统地研究了地下水的补给来源与演化规律。其中赤金盆地地下水化学演化受控于溶滤作用,方解石、白云石、石膏等不断地溶解进入低矿化度的地下水中导致Mg²⁺+Ca²⁺与HCO₃^-+SO₄^2-沿1∶1等量线分布;而花海盆地高矿化度地下水中的Na⁺与SO₄^2-、Na⁺与Cl^-均有较好线性关系且多数矿物饱和指数>1,表明芒硝溶解控制了地下水中主要离子成分且地下水演化过程转由蒸发浓缩作用主导。赤金、花海盆地地下水氢氧同位素沿祁连山大气降水线分布或于右下方,二者特征相似,但后者更为富集重同位素,反映研究区地下水主要补给来源为祁连山大气降水或石油河河水;此外,两盆地间水力联系紧密,前者补给后者,因此在水资源开发利用时应将两盆地作为整体进行统筹管理,避免不合理开采造成环境地质问题。     

Progress in the Research on Benefit-sharing and Ecological Compensation Mechanisms for Transboundary Rivers

Transboundary rivers have important geopolitical and geo-economic connotations, but riparian states of transboundary rivers are often driven by their own rapid population growth and economic development to be-come involved in regional conflicts about the development and use of water resources. Therefore, finding a balance between the need for fair and reasonable development of water resources and the effective protection of environment from an ecological perspective has become a major problem faced by the international community. This paper begins with consideration of international water laws related to transboundary rivers and then reviews advances in the research on benefit-sharing, ecological compensation mechanisms, and adaptive management systems. We believe that existing international water laws form a complete legal system and that more attention needs to be paid to transboundary cooperation and sustainable water resource use. With respect to how transboundary water conflicts are resolved, there is a trend to move away from single water resource allocation (a zero-sum game) to benefit-sharing in order to achieve a win-win situation for riparian states, but there are still some difficulties in transboundary ecological compensation. In China, the central government has paid attention to horizontal ecological compensation between upstream and downstream, offering guidance to promote establishment of inter-province ecological compensation. Based on existing practice, horizontal ecological compensations are still in their infancy, small in scale, supported by a weak legal system, lacking market mechanisms to encourage their use and relying on fiscal transfers as the method of payment. In the future, China will need to intensify its research on legal system development, international cooperation, and benefit-sharing as these impact transboundary water resources. Because government can be seen as a management department with multiple identities (enabler, regulator and buyer), to improve adaptive transboundary ecological compensation mechanisms, government must develop as soon as possible data sharing platforms, standards of water consumption behaviors and intergovernmental policies (or ordinances).     

Chinese progress in geomorphometry

Geomorphometry, the science of digital terrain analysis (DTA), is an important focus of research in both geomorphology and geographical information science (GIS). Given that 70% of China is mountainous, geomorphological research is popular among Chinese scholars, and the development of GIS over the last 30 years has led to significant advances in geomorphometric research. In this paper, we review Chinese progress in geomorphometry based on the published literature. There are three major areas of progress: digital terrain modelling methods, DTA methods, and applications of digital terrain models (DTMs). First, traditional vector- and raster-based terrain modelling methods, including the assessment of uncertainty, have received widespread attention. New terrain modelling methods such as unified raster and vector, high-fidelity, and real-time dynamic geographical scene modelling have also attracted research attention and are now a major focus of digital terrain modelling research. Second, in addition to the popular DTA methods based on topographical derivatives, geomorphological features, and hydrological factors extracted from DTMs, DTA methods have been extended to include analyses of the structure of underlying strata, ocean surface features and even socioeconomic spatial structures. Third, DTMs have been applied to fields including global climate change, analysis of various typical regions, lunar surface and other related fields. Clearly, Chinese scholars have made significant progress in geomorphometry. Chinese scholars have had the greatest international impact in areas including high-fidelity digital terrain modelling and DTM-based regional geomorphological analysis, particularly in the Loess Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau regions.     

基于灰色关联分析法的松辽盆地CO_2地质储存适宜性评价

松辽盆地是中国主要的能源基地,随着中国振兴东北老工业基地政策的实施,如何应对工业和经济发展带来的CO_2排放量的增加,将成为亟需解决的问题。在盆地内进行CO_2地质储存将成为盆地内解决该问题的主要技术选择之一。以松辽盆地为研究对象,在深入分析松辽盆地CO_2地质储存条件的基础上,从储存规模、储存安全性和社会环境风险及经济适宜性4个方面综合考虑,构建了由16个指标组成的松辽盆地CO_2地质储存适宜性评价指标体系,利用灰色关联分析法对松辽盆地33个二级构造单元进行了盆地级适宜性评价工作,评价结果为进一步场地级目标靶区的筛选提供了科技支撑。     

辽北西丰地区宝兴岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

宝兴岩体位于华北板块北缘陆缘活动带东段,岩性为花岗闪长岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为235.0±1.3Ma,属于中三叠世。岩石的K_2O/Na_2O平均值为1.07,属高钾钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有活动陆缘钙碱性岩系特征;稀土元素总量平均值为147×10~(-6),稀土元素配分曲线右倾,属具中等负Eu异常的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损型。通过岩石学、岩石地球化学及年代学研究,结合邻区构造演化研究,认为中三叠世研究区在伸展作用下岩石圈进行拆沉,从而形成大规模的岩浆活动。     

祁漫塔格东段晚三叠世—早侏罗世花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

祁漫塔格东段拉陵高里河地区晚三叠世—早侏罗世花岗岩组合为高SiO_2(72.18%~76.55%)、高K_2O(4.08%~5.32%)的碱性花岗岩组合,具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu平均值为0.28)。岩石组合为二长花岗岩+正长花岗岩,采用LA-ICP-MS技术测得二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩的年龄分别为205.1±1.0Ma和199.5±1.2Ma。该套花岗岩组合与拉陵高里河地区的矽卡岩型多金属矿关系密切,初步确定祁漫塔格地区晚三叠世—早侏罗世花岗岩组合也是一期重要的成矿岩浆建造。