Climatic characteristics of summer high temperature and assessment methods in the large cities of North China

Based on the high temperature data of June to August in 1961-2000 in North China, the high temperature weather processes are investigated, and a more complete data set for severe high temperature processes is created. The climatic characteristics of adverse high temperature weather in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Jinan and Taiyuan are analyzed respectively. The major features of the East-Asia Subtropical High and Transformed Continental High are discussed. The outcomes indicate that the influence of both East Asia Subtropical High and Transformed Continental High on these weather events varies, by a larger margin, from one city to another over North China and they are also closely related to the relative humidity. It is found that the behaviours of East-Asia Subtropical High and Transformed Continental High are the major important systems that give rise to the summer high temperature weather over the region. Based on these findings, the 5-day, 10-day and monthly assessment models for such high impact events have been developed. The assessment outcomes prove to be useful in assessing severe high-temperature events in major cities of North China.     

Evolution from Oceanic Subduction to Continental Collision: a Case Study from the Northern Tibetan Plateau Based on Geochemical and Geochronological Data

Two apparently distinct, sub-parallel, paleo-subduction zonescan be recognized along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:the North Qilian Suture Zone (oceanic-type) with ophioliticmélanges and high-pressure eclogites and blueschistsin the north, and the North Qaidam Belt (continental-type) inthe south, an ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane comprisingpelitic and granitic gneisses, eclogites and garnet peridotites.Eclogites from both belts have protoliths broadly similar tomid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) or oceanic island basalts (OIB)in composition with overlapping metamorphic ages (480–440Ma, with weighted mean ages of 464 ± 6 Ma for North Qilianand 457 ± 7 Ma for North Qaidam), determined by zirconU–Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe dating.Coesite-bearing zircon grains in pelitic gneisses from the NorthQaidam UHP Belt yield a peak metamorphic age of 423 ±6 Ma, 40 Myr younger than the age of eclogite formation, anda retrograde age of 403 ± 9 Ma. These data, combinedwith regional relationships, allow us to infer that these twoparallel belts may represent an evolutionary sequence from oceanicsubduction to continental collision, and continental underthrusting,to final exhumation. The Qilian–Qaidam Craton was probablya fragment of the Rodinia supercontinent with a passive marginand extended oceanic lithosphere in the north, which was subductedbeneath the North China Craton to depths >100 km at c. 423Ma and exhumed at c. 403 Ma (zircon rim ages in pelitic gneiss). KEY WORDS: HP and UHP rocks; subduction belts; zircon SHRIMP ages; Northern Tibetan Plateau     

中小城市首级GPS控制网布测方案的选择

探讨了中小城市首级GPS控制网的几种布测方案,用实测GPS数据对几种常用的布测方案进行了精度分析,从而确定城市首级GPS控制网的最佳布设方案。     

全数字摄影测量系统DEM生产的质量控制

目前,数字高程模型(DEM)在理论研究和实践应用方面都有了很大的进展,已在测绘、地质、农业、工程、建筑、军事、导航等多个领域得到了广泛应用,因此高效快捷地生产高精度的DEM是十分必要和迫切的。全数字摄影测量系统DEM生产方案是解决这一问题的有效途径,文章针对该系统的特点,提出了加强质量控制的策略和方法,并阐述了对一些实践问题的解决。     

基于高分辨率遥感影像分类的地图更新方法

提出了一种在对遥感影像分类的基础上进行地图更新的方法，讨论了利用高分辨率遥感影像，通过不同空间分辨率和光谱分辨率的影像进行融合，利用合适的高通滤波对影像进行边缘检测．构建一个三层的MLP分类器对影像进行分类，提取城市建筑物与道路信息．并在此分类基础上通过对现有地图的叠加来实现地图的更新。实验结果表明，基于影像融合，利用较少数量的训练样本也能生成具有较高精度的分类图，利用分类结果图进行地图更新能取得令人满意的效果。     

黄骅坳陷北大港构造带古近系沙河街组高分辨率层序地层格架及其对储层非均质性的控制

陆相湖盆层序的发育是在湖盆蓄水量周期性变化的条件下实现的。层序发育过程实际上是基准面旋回变化过程中湖泊冲刷沉积作用彼此消长的过程。北大港构造带古近系沙河街组可划分为2个长期基准面旋回、8个中期基准面旋回和43个短期基准面旋回。在等时地层格架内,基于基准面变化过程中的沉积响应及其伴生的可容空间变化的分析,探讨了基准面旋回变化与储层展布及储层非均质性之间的相关关系:基准面旋回的升降变化对储层的非均质性、空间展布以及有利储层的分布等均具有明显的控制作用;短期基准面旋回控制储层砂体内部的非均质模式,中长期基准面旋回控制了储层砂体的层间非均质性特征;在中长期基准面低位处,尤其是在基准面旋回的转换点处,储层发育良好,砂体厚度、展布面积均较大,物性相对较好;而在中长起基准面较高位处,则出现相反的储层特征。     

台北凹陷中浅储集层孔隙预测及勘探有效下限探讨

在系统研究储层物性控制因素的基础上，分析台北凹陷中浅储集层物性分布规律以及压实程度特征，建立孔隙度一深度趋势法和压实减孔量法预测砂岩孔隙度．认为中侏罗统储层压实减孔量整体比较高，表现出“北高南低，生油凹陷内高、周边低”的特征．结合探井试油资料，确定侏罗系储集层有效下限的孔隙度值为9％，压实减孔量为34％，各构造带侏罗系储层深度有效下限总体上表现出“南深北浅、西深东浅”的特征．指出台北凹陷侏罗系储集层在有效下限以下勘探具有较大风险．     

吐哈盆地十红滩铀矿床水文地球化学特征

本文根据水化学资料的研究,探讨了十红滩铀矿床含矿含水层高矿化度地下水的成因,分析了高矿化度水对铀溶解迁移的影响及碳酸盐的形成机理.     

塔里木河下游河道疏浚段水文地质和工程地质特征研究

塔里木河下游河道长期断流,生态环境恶化,必须实施河道疏浚工程,从根本上改善塔里木河下游的生态环境.掌握塔里木河下游河道的水文地质和工程地质特征是实施河道疏浚工程的关键,是沿线生态闸堰设置及两岸提防工程修建的基础.通过区域地质特性、水文地质条件、工程地质特征几个方面的研究,得出河道疏浚段的地层岩性、地下水类型、地下水化学类型等特征,为河道疏浚工程奠定了基础.     

区域水资源可持续利用的综合评价方法

水资源可持续利用指标体系及评价方法是水资源可持续利用研究的核心问题之一。以复合系统理论为基础,将水资源、社会经济和环境组成的复合系统定义为水资源可持续利用系统(RSWRS系统)。应用Bossel可持续发展基本定向指标框架,建立了水资源可持续利用指标评价体系。应用系统综合评价法,权重采用基于Bossel评分标准,以参考状态的离差平方和最大法计算,建立了以RSWRS系统发展综合指数和发展态势度量模型。以陕西省为例,进行了水资源可持续利用的综合定量评价。