华南造山带下寒武统和中奥陶统发现放射虫

在华南造山带江西萍乡下寒武统牛角河组泥质板岩和湖南永州中奥陶统烟溪组硅质岩中首次发现放射虫。放射虫的发现表明萍乡—永州一带寒武纪—中奥陶世存在相当规模的处于低纬度的海盆。     

大同盆地区域应力场变化特征及其与中强地震的关系

通过大量震源机制解结果推断出大同盆地现代地壳应力场的主压应力方向为NEE,仰角变化不定,主张应力方向为NNW—SSE,仰角很小的结论,这与区域构造应力场NE—NEE向挤压作用的结果相符;分析研究认为,1998年1月10日张北6．2级地震、1999年11月1日大同-阳高5．6级地震前于1997年2月出现的P轴趋于一致,同1989年大同-阳高6．1级主震前应力场变化特征很相似;在矛盾符号比低值的过程中,如果应力主轴取向也出现趋于一致的变化,这类异常往往与盆地中等地震有较好的对应关系。山自皂、阳原单台初动向上、向下次数累计百分比在1991年3月26日大同--阳高5．8级地震前具有准同步变化的特点,反映了大震前应力场的一致增强。     

中国近海棱梭群体形态学和耳石形态学研究

为研究棱梭不同地理群体间的形态差异,使用多元统计分析方法对采集自金门、厦门、虎门、湛江、北海和防城港6个地点邻近海域的棱梭群体样本的形态和矢耳石形态两方面进行比较研究。对棱梭样本的形态研究结合传统形态学和地标形态学开展,对矢耳石的形态研究则将传统耳石形态分析法和椭圆傅里叶分析法相结合,形态和耳石形态数据的分析结果相似。主成分分析结果表明从28个棱梭形态量度指标提取的前8个主成分累积贡献率为65. 868%,从85个耳石形态指标提取的前23个主成分的累积贡献率为79. 290%,根据临界值85. 000%可以推断这6个棱梭群体间形态和耳石形态上的差异不能够单独依靠少数指标来判断;聚类分析的结果总体显示出群体间差异与地理距离等因素相关联的分布规律;在判别分析中形态学量度指标的综合判别正确率为75. 9%,而耳石形态学指标的综合判别正确率略低,为69. 3%;对棱梭形态量度指标的单因子方差分析显示湛江棱梭群体与其他群体在形态上存在显著差异的量度指标较少。栖息地环境、饵料组成和海流等可能是导致形态学差异和耳石形态差异形成的主要因素。另一方面,理化因子的相似性和群体间的交流会减弱群体间形态和耳石形态的差异。     

黄河三角洲海参养殖池塘微型浮游植物多样性研究

采用相关性分析方法研究了温度、盐度、营养盐等环境因子对黄河三角洲海参养殖池塘微型浮游植物多样性的影响。结果表明,群落多样性指数H′值主要受营养盐特别是PO43-P、NH4+-N限制,温度、盐度对H′值影响不显著。丰富度指数d值受营养盐影响不显著。温度、盐度是d值的主要影响因素,在温度15—30℃、盐度22—32范围之内,d值随温度、盐度升高而降低。均匀度指数J值受营养盐影响不显著,但受温度、盐度影响作用较为明显,在温度15—30℃、盐度22—32范围之内,J值随着温度、盐度升高而升高。由于池塘内温度、盐度、营养盐波动较大,浮游植物群落并不稳定,多样性一直处于受干扰状态。     

基于空间统计分析与GIS的人均GDP空间分布模式研究

本文将空间统计分析与G IS相结合,探讨我国地级及以上城市人均GDP在空间分布上的特征。研究表明,我国地级及以上城市人均GDP在整体上呈现显著的空间集聚性,而在东、中、西部三个区域呈现不同的空间关联模式。     

Multiple Volcanic Episodes of Flood Basalts Caused by Underplating

Most Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are emplaced within <10 Ma, with a main pulse of the magmatism in<1 Ma[1]. For example, the Siberian Traps [2] and the Deccan Traps [3] were probably erupted within one million years. Many events, such as the Columbia River event, feature a single pulse of magmatism, followed by a protrac-ted period of magmatism at a much lower rate that is linked to a plume tail[4].     

长江口悬沙颗粒的现场测量

我们利用自．行研制的“光学悬浮沙粒径谱仪”对长江口悬沙颗粒进行了现场测量,同时作了现场采样,经华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室分析,分析结果与仪器现场测量结果进行了对比,结果表明,两种方法得到的平均粒径和悬沙浓度基本一致。     

Dynamic process analysis of the Niumiangou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake using the finite difference method and a modified discontinuous deformation analysis

The Niumiangou landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which was significantly affected by the amplification effect of seismic acceleration. The ringshear experiments indicated that the materials in the source area of the Niumiangou landslide were subjected to friction degradation under a big shear displacement, which may result in rapid movement of the landslide. In order to better understand the landslide movement and study the effect of the friction degradation on movement mechanisms, the dynamic process of Niumiangou landslide was simulated with a new numerical method, which combines the finite difference method(FDM) and the discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA). First, the FDM was used to study the initiation time, amplification effect and velocity of the landslide. Afterwards, these initiation velocities were applied to the blocks in the DDA model by corresponding coordination in the FDM model. A displacementdependent friction model of the sliding surface was incorporated into DDA code to further understand the kinetic behavior of the landslide. The results show that the displacement-dependent friction strongly decreases the friction coefficient of sliding surface under a big displacement, which can obviously promote the run-out and velocity of landslide. The model output well matches the topographic map formed by the landslide. This implies that the proposed model can be applied to the simulation of earthquake-induced landslides with amplification effect, and the friction degradation model is important to clarify the movement mechanism of high-speed and long-distance landslides.     

一种洪涝灾害事件信息建模方法

我国洪涝灾害频发且危害巨大,为有效防灾、减灾和救灾,需建立洪涝灾害事件信息模型,表示和共享洪涝灾害信息。然而,目前事件信息模型主要是表示静态信息,缺乏对洪涝灾害事件动态过程的表示。本文从观测角度出发,建立顾及洪涝灾害事件阶段和动态过程的洪涝灾害事件信息模型。围绕洪涝灾害事件信息模型,提出了10类需建模的元素,并以MOF（Meta Object Facility）建模框架构建了十元组模型,通过映射方法实现模型编码方案与事件模式语言的映射。最后,以2010年梁子湖洪涝灾害模拟为例,开展了模型分阶段建立过程实验。结果表明,本文提出的模型能表示洪涝灾害事件的动态信息和实现洪涝灾害事件的动态建模。     

Facile Conversion of Alcohols to Olefins by Tosylation and Subsequent SiO2- promoted β-elimination

A convenient and effective procedure was developed for the conversion of alcohol to olefin by tosylation and subsequent β-elimination promoted by silica gel in this study. Treatment of the alcohols with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine at 0℃ affords tosylates which undergo β-elimination with silica gel in dichloromethane or chloroform at room temperature, yielding olefinswith high productivity.