向下延拓在深部矿产勘探中的应用——以青海某矿区为例

勘测深部盲矿体时,矿体距离观测点较远,磁异常的相互叠加常常在地面形成具有一个磁异常中心的宽缓磁异常,分辨不清矿致异常和背景异常。通常用向上延拓、方向导数等处理的效果差强人意。笔者采用向下延拓方法处理了青海某矿区的宽缓磁异常,向下延拓深度为30倍点距,获得了精细的各矿体异常特征。通过与大量的见矿、未见矿钻孔比较,向下延拓场反映的磁异常位置与已见矿钻孔有较好的对应关系,同时指示出全部的未见矿钻孔都处于向下延拓场反映的磁异常外围。基于当前向下延拓方法的稳定计算问题已经取得突破,笔者认为针对一些大埋藏深度的宽缓磁异常采用向下延拓处理,区分叠加异常,圈定异常位置,可以获得事半功倍的效果,为钻孔布置提供佐证。同时对勘探精度也作了一些有意义的讨论。     

基于解析信号重构的同步挤压小波变换的时频谱影响因素分析

受测不准原理的制约,小波变换、S变换等时频分析算法无法同时获得高时间分辨率和高频率分辨率。为了满足更高的要求,出现了一种联合小波变换和时频谱重组的新方法—同步挤压小波变换。本文从同步挤压小波变换和基于解析信号重构的同步挤压小波变换的原理出发,通过模型分析算法中参数设置对时频分析结果的影响,包括小波母函数、小波母函数的参数选择和小波阈值等,分析瞬时频率变化率不为零的信号所存在的时频谱模糊现象,并通过控制小波母函数、小波母函数参数以及小波阈值有效地减轻瞬时频率变化率不为零的信号所存在的时频谱模糊现象,时频谱的质量得到一定程度的提高。研究结果对获取高分辨率地震时频谱具有一定的指导意义。     

PRE-ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LOSSES BASED ON FIELD SURVEY AND KILOMETER GRID DATASET: A CASE STUDY FROM DEHONG DAI-JINGPO AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE

The pre-assessment of earthquake damage based on field surveys and grid dataset in 1km resolution is very helpful for emergency preparedness and mitigation of earthquake disaster losses.In this paper,we briefly introduced the contents,principles,methods and the results of software assessment as well as the revised results after field surveys.In addition,the emergency supplies and manpower requirements after the outbreak of earthquake are discussed.The assessment contents include the earthquake affected area and population,the amount of casualties,injuries,economic losses,and the number of population to be resettled.Scenario earthquake is set with an interval of 50 kilometers along the major faults and the losses induced by earthquake are outputted by the software.After that,the software outputs are revised based on field surveys.In addition,according to the earthquake cases happening between 2008 and 2015,the growth curve model used to estimate the demand of rescue supplies and teams is also proposed in this study.Based on this model and the software named earthquake emergency disaster rapid assessment and dynamic visualized software (NIE Gao-zhong,2014),and with the help of the statistical data such as population density and socio-economic situations,earthquake losses are pre-assessed by taking Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture as an example.The comparison shows that the actual losses are nearly the same as the software outputs.However,due to the ignorance of the casualties caused by geological disasters,the revised casualties are more than the software output.Not only the study area discussed in this paper,the earthquake loss assessment method can also be used to other regions in China.     

我国内陆盐碱化沼泽的功能与开发利用

在系统论述我国内陆盐碱化沼泽分布和特征基础上,分析了内陆盐碱化沼泽形成的环境背景及其多样的生态环境功能,探讨了内陆盐碱化沼泽开发利用中存在的问题,如加重区域“三化”趋势,造成区域水资源紧张等。为内陆盐碱化沼泽的可持续发展和合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

利用经验正交函数数据插值法重构东中国海叶绿素a质量浓度场

利用经验正交函数数据插值法(Data INterpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions)重构由MODIS-Aqua卫星提供的三级产品叶绿素a质量浓度,得到了从2003—2009年东中国海叶绿素a质量浓度的月平均场。东中国海近岸叶绿素a质量浓度7 a平均值明显高于外海。对叶绿素a质量浓度季节平均场进行分析研究表明,东中国海叶绿素a质量浓度主要受长江径流、海表水温和季风的影响。对叶绿素a质量浓度异常场进行EOF分析表明,第一模态方差贡献为37.8％,空间分布显示,在长江口东北部出现叶绿素a质量浓度异常高值区,时间变化以半年和半年以下周期为主;第二模态方差贡献为21.4％,空间分布显示,在长江口东部出现叶绿素a质量浓度异常高值区,时间系数主要表现为年际变化。     

The cooperative and conflictual interactions between the United States,Russia, and China: A quantitative analysis of event data

The United States, Russia and China are militarily and economically among the most powerful countries in the post-Cold War period, and the interactions between the three powers heavily influence the international system. However, different conclusions about this question are generally made by researchers through qualitative analysis, and it is necessary to objectively and quantitatively investigate their interactions. Monthly-aggregated event data from the Global Data on Events, Location and Tone(GDELT) to measure cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three powers, and the complementary cumulative distribution function(CCDF) and the vector autoregression(VAR) method are utilized to investigate their interactions in two periods: January, 1991 to September, 2001, and October, 2001 to December, 2016. The results of frequencies and strengths analysis showed that: the frequencies and strengths of USA-China interactions slightly exceeded those of USA-Russia interactions and became the dominant interactions in the second period. Although that cooperation prevailed in the three dyads in two periods, the conflictual interactions between the USA and Russia tended to be more intense in the second period, mainly related to the strategic contradiction between the USA and Russia, especially in Georgia, Ukraine and Syria. The results of CCDF indicated that similar probabilities in the cooperative behaviors between the three dyads, but the differences in the probabilities of conflictual behaviors in the USA-Russia dyad showed complicated characteristic, and those between Russia and China indicated that Russia had been consistently giving China a hard time in both periods when dealing with conflict. The USA was always an essential factor in affecting the interactions between Russia and China in both periods, but China's behavior only played a limited role in influencing the interactions between the USA-Russia dyad. Our study provides quantitative insight into the direct cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three dyads since the end of the Cold War and helps to understand their interactions better.     

陕西省降水时空分布与变化特征分析

基于陕西省1961—2005年97个县市的逐月降水资料采用经验正交函数分析(EOF)方法对降水空间分布进行研究;利用降水集度法表示降水的年内分异情况;并通过求各降水量场时间系数的变化趋势系数探讨降水时间变化特征。结果表明,全省降水呈南多北少的特点,主要有4种雨型,大部分地区降水呈季节性变化,降水量整体缓慢下降,季节上变化为春、秋下降,夏、冬上升。     

疟疾预测的遗传规划方法与应用——以安徽省县（市）疟疾发病率为例

疟疾是世界上最严重的一种寄生虫疾病,安徽省是典型的中纬度疟疾高发区域之一。本文以安徽省县级行政单元统计的疟疾发病率为例,从遥感监测数据中获取疟疾潜在驱动因素的数据,使用遗传规划方法建立遥感监测的环境因素与疟疾发病率之间的关系,从而预测疟疾发病率的空间分布,并分析预测结果、评价模型精度。结果表明,遗传规划方法预测的疟疾发病的精度（训练数据的预测R² = 0.558,检验数据R² = 0.429）较线性逐步回归方法的预测精度（训练数据的预测R² = 0.470,检验数据R² = 0.408）有所提高。遗传规划方法有利于提高预测疟疾发病率空间分布的精度。其为使用遥感监测数据预测疟疾的空间分布和变化的科学研究提供依据。     

海城地震前后大连市防震减灾对策研究

因海城地震的成功预报,地震前后,大连市政府在组织、思想、物资准备以及防止次生灾害、生命线工程安全检查等方面采取了一系列有效的措施,大大减轻了地震灾害及强余震的影响,树立了我国早期大城市防震减灾的范例,今天仍然有着重要的借鉴价值。     

桐柏杂岩南北边界剪切带的对比以及对桐柏造山带构造格局的制约

桐柏杂岩的南北边界的剪切带分别是殷店-马垅韧性剪切带和晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带,这两条韧性剪切带内都发育杆状构造,且杆状构造具有层状结构,层与层之间通过一种特殊的滑脱面结合。由于晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带相对于殷店-马垅剪切带位置明显更靠近商丹断裂带,早期商丹断裂带的活动在岩石中留下的变形痕迹导致了后期晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带的变形程度要略强于殷店-马垅剪切带。这两条剪切带都是以简单剪切为主的剪切带,变质条件也相似,都属于角闪岩相变质,处于中-下地壳流变层位置。U-Pb同位素测年结果显示,晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带的活动年龄为171~142Ma,殷店-马垅韧性剪切带的活动年龄为164~137Ma,两条剪切带的主活动期都在中-晚侏罗世,在早白垩世随着岩浆活动的峰期到来慢慢减弱停止。桐柏造山带在印支晚期碰撞挤压背景下的向东挤出不是一个整体的挤出,而是有层次的差异挤出,挤出的同时层与层之间会发生滑动,滑脱面类似滑动的润滑剂,酷似"管状流动"的构造。在晓天-磨子潭韧性剪切带和殷店-马垅韧性剪切带的牵引作用下,整个桐柏造山带由西向东发生管状流动。