陕西测震台网地震速报结果评估

陕西省"十五"数字测震台网的建成并投入运行,极大地提高了陕西测震台网地震监测能力和地震速报能力,并成功地经受了四川汶川8.0级地震的考验。在2008年5月12日14时28分汶川8.0级地震后至5月31日,陕西测震台网速报地震669个,其中在地震速报规定范围内速报5级以上地震11个。在应对2009年11月5日陕西高陵4.4级地震(Ⅰ类速报地震)和2013年7月22日甘肃岷县6.6级地震(Ⅲ类速报地震)及余震序列时,两个主震各种速报参数偏差全部符合地震速报规定对相应类别地震速报的要求。     

Velocity profile of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface

Particle dynamic analyzer (PDA) measurement technology was used to study the turbulent characteristics and the variation with height of the mean horizontal (in the downwind direction) and vertical (in the upward direction) particle velocity of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface. The results show that the mean horizontal particle velocity of the cloud increases with height, while the mean vertical velocity decreases with height. The variation of the mean horizontal velocity with height is, to some extent, similar to the wind profile that increases logarithmically with height in the turbulent boundary layer. The variation of the mean vertical velocity with height is much more complex than that of the mean horizontal velocity. The increase of the resultant mean velocity with height can be expressed by a modified power function. Particle turbulence in the downwind direction decreases with height, while that in the vertical direction is complex. For fine sands (0.2–0.3 mm and 0.3–0.4 mm), there is a tendency for the particle turbulence to increase with height. In the very near-surface layer (<4 mm), the movement of blown sand particles is very complex due to the rebound of particles on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air. Wind starts to accelerate particle movement about 4 mm from the surface. The initial rebound on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air have a profound effect on particle movement below that height, where particle concentration is very high and wind velocity is very low.     

四川则木河断裂带微断层地貌的地形测量和走滑速率的估算(英文)

则木河断裂带南北分别与安宁河断裂带和小江断裂带相接,自中更新世复活以来,以左旋走滑为主,并成为一条重要的地震断层。据TL和ESR 测年分析,则木河谷地广泛存在的最低一级冲积扇为10 000 ～15 000 年以来形成。切割这些冲积扇的冲沟被则木河断裂带错断,其发生时间与冲积扇相当或者更新,平均位移值测量为86m 。据此计算,则木河断裂带晚更新世以来的平均走滑速率为5-8 ～8-6m m/a     

TYPHOON ACTIVITY IN NORTHWEST PACIFIC IN RELATION WITH EL NINO AND LA NINA EVENTS

Statistic and typical-year composition methods are used to study the northwest Pacific typhoon activities in relation with the EI Niño and La Niña events. The result indicates that the typhoon tends to be inactive in the EI Niño years and active in the La Niña years and it is also dependent on the onset and ending time and intensity of the events and areas of genesis of typhoons. With statistic features of the frequency of typhoon activity in the EI Niño and La Niña years and the time-lag correlation between the frequency and sea surface temperature(SST), useful information is provided for the prediction of typhoon occurrence. In addition, the singular values disassemble(SVD)method is applied to study the correlation between the geopotential field and SST field. The result shows that the air-sea coupling in the EI Niño years is unfavorable for the typhoon to develop. Which take place with a smaller number. Opposite situations are found with the La Niña years.     

Metabolites from mangrove endophytic fungus Dothiorella sp.

Mangroves are special woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts. They prove to be a natural microorganisms and new metabolites storage. In the study of mangrove endophytic fungi metabolites, four new compounds, Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as a known octaketide, cytosporone B (5), are isolated from an endophytic fungus, Dothiorella sp., HTF3. They all show cytotoxic activities. The elucidation of these structures is mainly based on 1D/2D NMR and ESI-MS spectral analyses.     

四川筠连地质遗迹景观资源特征及保护开发建议

筠连地质遗迹景观区具有丰富的泉类、岩溶峰丛地貌等景观。其中尤以间歇潮涌泉、洞内泉类钙化沉积边石坝、石莲花地质遗迹景观最具特色。这些地质景观资源具有重要的科学考察意义和旅游观赏价值,其他配套旅游资源及开发条件良好。细述了各个景观资源的特征,提出了建设筠连地质公园的构想和开发保护的建议。     

莱州湾表层沉积物粒度和黏土矿物分布特征与运移趋势分析

运用粒度参数分析、黏土矿物含量分析、Flemming三角图示法和Gao-Collins二维的"粒度趋势分析"等方法,对采自莱州湾海域的表层沉积物样品和黏土矿物样品进行分析,了解了该研究区域的沉积环境及沉积物的运移趋势。研究区由岸向海沉积物类型大致依次为砂-粉砂质砂-砂质粉砂-粉砂-黏土质粉砂,并且研究区表层沉积物在近岸区域呈现较为明显的平行岸线的条带状特征;同时沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态、峰态等粒度参数也呈现出良好的正相关性或负相关性;研究区黏土矿物为伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石、高岭石,除伊利石分布大致为黄河三角洲近岸低,向研究区东北方向逐渐升高外,其余的黏土矿物都表现出了近岸高,远海低的分布特征,且主要物源为黄河物质输入。Flemming三角图研究区所有采样点大部分分布在Ⅱ区,少部分分布在Ⅲ区,说明研究区整体水动力较强;采样点在A—E区均有分布,但在C、D两区分布最多,说明研究区沉积物粒径较集中。研究区表层沉积物整体呈由岸向海输运的趋势,具体来看,黄河沉积物入海后向北、向东、向南运移,研究区内沉积物的来源是黄河输沙以及周围入海的小河流的输沙和沿岸冲刷的物质。     

高石梯—龙王庙大气田发现与四川盆地震旦—寒武系油气地质特征及成藏

简单回顾了高石梯—龙王庙大气田发现历程。高石梯—龙王庙大气田是四川盆地中西部震旦系—寒武系重要的含气领域,近年来龙王庙组的天然气勘探获得重大新突破,基于前人的研究成果,梳理川中震旦系—寒武系勘探与研究进展认为:①高石梯—龙王庙大气田自形成以来,震旦纪晚期为其所处的乐山—龙女寺古隆起整体掀斜与雏形发育,寒武纪—奥陶纪为同沉积隆升期;②大面积发育震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩缝洞型、寒武系龙王庙组白云岩孔隙型 2 套主要含气储集层,准同生白云石化和表生岩溶叠加改造形成相对高孔渗储集体,灯影组孔隙度为3%~4%、渗透率为(0.0054~9.03)×10-3 μm2,龙王庙组孔隙度为4%~5%、渗透率为(0.0005~78.5)×10-3μm2;③四川盆地震旦系—寒武系发育2类多套烃源岩,均为腐泥型,以生油为主,发育3套优质储层,储层厚度大、分布面积广;④震旦系—寒武系天然气为典型的干气,均为有机成因,其中灯影组天然气为混源气,震旦系—寒武系天然气以原油裂解气为主;⑤生储接触广泛,震旦系—下寒武统龙王庙组油气大面积富集的关键因素是古隆起演化与烃源岩演化匹配,大型鼻状隆起背景下发育的构造、岩性及复合型多种类型圈闭为油气聚集提供了良好的空间。     

丛枝菌根真菌与沙棘对露天矿排土场的联合改良效应

我国东部草原露天矿区土壤瘠薄,草场退化严重,生态恢复难度大。针对露天矿排土场的特殊环境,研究丛枝菌根真菌与沙棘的共生状况以及菌根对沙棘根系发育的影响和对排土场土壤的改良效应。试验发现,接菌组(+M)沙棘的株高和冠幅比对照组处理(CK)分别提高了20%和21%,+M的根长和根体积分别为CK的1.46倍和1.97倍;+M中沙棘根际土中的易提取球囊霉素含量为3.22 mg/g,显著高于CK的2.16 mg/g;+M的磷酸酶活性是CK的1.76倍,速效磷含量也有相似变化规律。研究结果表明,利用微生物促进露天矿排土场的土壤改良及生态恢复具有较强的可行性,对矿区生态系统的恢复具有重要意义。