海洋柔性立管弯曲加强器参数敏感性分析

针对海洋立管弯曲加强器所受环境载荷与功能载荷的特点,基于有限元法对某海洋柔性立管弯曲加强器结构进行数值分析。通过有限元分析软件建立了弯曲加强器与柔性立管组合等效模型,重点讨论了弯曲加强器的设计参数对其自身防弯性能的影响,根据弯曲加强器的曲率及柔性立管的应力分布,对弯曲加强器结构进行优化设计,得到结论可供设计参考。     

浅析区域自动气象站的管理及维护

自动气象站是无人操作的,能够定时对周围气象要素进行观察、记录,并且能够向控制中心发送观测数据和预测结果的地面气象观测站,在天气监测和气象服务工作中有着至关重要的作用,该文通过对贵州省江口县64个区域自动站运行状况中存在的问题进行分析,提出了对区域站管理和维护方法的建议与思考,以便更好地保障区域自动站的稳定、可靠运行,从而更好地利用区域自动站资料。     

高分辨率WRF模式中土壤湿度扰动对短期高温天气模拟影响的个例研究

本文利用WRFV3.6中尺度预报模式就土壤湿度扰动对2003年7月22~23日和29~30日短期高温天气过程的影响进行了高分辨率模拟研究。结果表明:(1)WRF模式地表气温对土壤湿度扰动有较强的敏感性,且随着土壤湿度的增加(减小)而降低(升高)。同时,模式中土壤湿度对地面气温影响的强度对模式分辨率具有较高的依赖性。(2)不同模式分辨率下气温随土壤湿度变化的规律一致;由于更高分辨率的地形资料的应用,提高分辨率可在较大程度上改善模拟效果。(3)不同土壤湿度试验模拟的地表感热、潜热通量可直接影响气温变化;(4)土壤湿度扰动通过间接影响高温发展的近地层各物理过程使得地表气温发生变化。这些过程中,对流(平流)过程在全天表现为增温(冷却)的作用,强度在白天均随土壤湿度的减小而增加。在较干的土壤条件下,非绝热增温在白天的主导地位加强;在夜间,非绝热冷却的强度减弱,且小于占据主导的对流绝热增温的强度。以上结果表明,在模拟和预报高温天气时土壤湿度非常重要,也意味着通过土壤湿度扰动的集合预报方法来改进模式高温模拟预报具有较大的潜力。     

Characteristics of Ore-forming Fluid of the Gaoshan Gold-Silver Deposit in the Longquan Area,Zhejiang Province and its Implications for the Ore Genesis

The Gaoshan gold-silver deposit, located between the Yuyao-Lishui Fault and JiangshanShaoxing fault in Longquan Area, occurs in the Suichang-Longquan gold-silver polymetallic metallogenic belt. This study conducted an investigation for ore-forming fluids using microthermometry, D-O isotope and trace element. The results show that two types of fluid inclusions involved into the formation of the deposit are pure liquid phase and gas-liquid phase aqueous inclusions. The homogenization temperature and salinity of major mineralization phase ranges from 156°C to 236°C(average 200°C) and 0.35% to 8.68%(NaCleqv)(average 3.68%), respectively, indicating that the ore-forming fluid is characteristic of low temperature and low salinity. The oreforming pressure ranges between in 118.02 to 232.13'105 pa, and it is estabmiated that the oreforming depth ranges from 0.39 to 0.77 km, indicating it is a hypabyssal deposit in genesis. The low rare earth elements content in pyrites, widely developed fluorite in late ore-forming stage and lack of chlorargyrite(Ag Cl), indicates that the ore-forming fluid is rich in F rather than Cl. The ratios of Y/Ho, Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta of between different samples have little difference, indicating that the later hydrothermal activities had no effects on the former hydrothermal fluid. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of pyrites from country rocks and ore veins are basically identical, with the characteristics of light REE enrichment and negative Eu anomalies, implying that the ore-forming fluid was oxidative and derived partly from the country rocks. The δD and δ18O of fluid inclusions in quartz formed during the main metallogenic stage range from -105‰ to -69 ‰ and -6.01‰ to -3.81‰, respectively. The D-O isotopic diagram shows that the metallogenic fluid is characterized by the mixing of formation water and meteoric water, without involvement of magmatic water. The geological and geochemical characteristics of the Gaoshan gold-silver deposit are similar to those of continental volcanic hydrothermal deposit, and could be assigned to the continental volcanic hydrothermal gold-silver deposit type.     

Leaf Cuticle Microstructure of Machilus maomingensis sp. nov. (Lauraceae) from the Eocene of the Maoming Basin, South China

Machilus maomingensis Jin et Tang, sp. nov. from the Eocene Youganwo Formation of the Maoming Basin, South China, is studied in detail from the perspective of the leaf architecture and the excellently preserved cuticle. The leaf margin is entire, the primary venation is pinnate; 6 to 8 secondary veins are present and the major secondary venation is eucamptodromous. Stomata are paracytic and occur on the lower epidermis. Trichome bases are unicellular. Oil cells are present in the upper epidermis. The new fossil species described has features of the Lauraceae, particularly of the extant genus Machilus Rumphius ex Nees, and it is most similar to Machilus chinensis (Bentham) Hemsley, an extant species distributed in southern China and Vietnam. Hence, Machilus maomingensis sp. nov. is inferred to live in a warm and humid climate. The discovery of the present fossil indicates that Machilus has existed in South China from at least the Eocene.     

内蒙古巴林左旗双尖子山银多金属矿床微量稀土元素特征及其矿床成因制约

新近发现、规模巨大的双尖子山银多金属矿床地球化学的研究还很薄弱,制约了对该矿床成矿物化条件、成矿物质来源及矿床成因的认识。通过对矿区微细浸染型、细脉硫化物型、块状硫化物型矿石中与银成矿关系密切的闪锌矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿和毒砂的微量元素及稀土元素特征的研究,结果显示,成矿流体显示出富Cl热液所具有的微量元素特征,且具有从早期到晚期成矿温度和f_(O_2)递降的有序演化过程。通过对比硫化物与矿区出露的主要岩浆岩(岩脉)稀土元素的LREE/HREE、δCe和δEu特征,以及不同矿体中As、Sn、Sb等元素在的含量差异,表明双尖子山银多金属矿床成矿物质具有多来源特征或存在多期成矿作用的叠加。Cu、Co、Cr等幔源元素的富集则暗示成矿过程中不排除有幔源物质的参与。将双尖子山矿床闪锌矿与我国典型的岩浆热液型、SEDEX型、MVT型及层控-岩浆热液叠加型矿床的闪锌矿中Mn、Cd、Sn、Ga、Tl含量,Cd/Mn、Zn/Cd比值及REE特征对比研究结果显示,其具有岩浆热液型矿床微量元素和稀土元素特征,从而进一步确定本矿床成因类型上属于岩浆热液型银多金属矿床。     

滇东昆阳群地层序列的厘定及其在中国地层表的位置

本文通过滇东地区中元古代昆阳群年代地层学研究,提供了新元古代青白口系柳坝塘组的几组高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,通过新元古代地层柳坝塘组与下伏地层(美党组、大龙口组和富良棚组)连续沉积关系以及昆阳群各组的同位素年代学数据,将滇东地区建立新的"系"一级地层单位,即"玉溪系",填补其在中国地层表中待建系的位置。笔者通过进一步的野外地层追踪和对"原昆阳群"的锆石年龄数据的比对研究,明确了"原昆阳群"争议已久的"倒八序列"为华南古陆西南缘中—新元古代地层的正确沉积序列,并以此在滇东地区建立了完整中—新元古代地层及年代地层层序,结合华北古陆上已建立的西山系(1.4~1.2 Ga),本文将昆阳群分属于西山系(1.2~1.4 Ga)和玉溪系(1.0~1.2 Ga),重新厘定昆阳群时代的归属,以期填补中国地层表中的"待建系"。     

Catalytic oxidation of arsenite and reaction pathways on the surface of CuO nanoparticles at a wide range of pHs

Recently, the wide application of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) in engineering field inevitably leads to its release into various geologic settings, which has aroused great concern about the geochemical behaviors of CuO NPs due to its high surface reactivity and impact on the fate of co-existing contaminants. However, the redox transformation of pollutants mediated by CuO NPs and the underlying mechanism still remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the interaction of CuO NPs with As(III), and explored the reaction pathways using batch experiments and multiple spectroscopic techniques. The results of in situ quick scanning X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Q-XAS) analysis verified that CuO NPs is capable of catalytically oxidize As(III) under dark conditions efficiently at a wide range of pHs. As(III) was firstly adsorbed on CuO NPs surface and then gradually oxidized to As(V) with dissolved O₂ as the terminal electron acceptor. As(III) adsorption increased to the maximum at a pH close to PZC of CuO NPs (~?pH 9.2), and then sharply decreased with increasing pH, while the oxidation capacity monotonically increased with pH. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance characterization of samples from batch experiments indicated that two pathways may be involved in As(III) catalytic oxidation: (1) direct electron transfer from As(III) to Cu(II), followed by concomitant re-oxidation of the produced Cu(I) by dissolved O₂ back to Cu(II) on CuO NPs surface, and (2) As(III) oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from the above Cu(I) oxygenation process. These observations facilitate a better understanding of the surface catalytic property of CuO NPs and its interaction with As(III) and other elements with variable valence in geochemical environments.     

基于多智能体的城市居民通勤仿真研究

通勤是人们周期性往返于居住地与工作地之间的行为,研究城市居民的通勤过程有利于分析高峰时期的交通拥堵问题并为制定相应解决方案提供依据。为此,本文提出了一种基于多智能体的交通仿真框架,包括乘地铁和公交车两种主要的公共交通出行方式。论文重点讨论了利用职住数据模拟交通过程的方法,首先,根据居民的居住地与工作地构成的OD(起止点)矩阵为其分配路径,然后利用提出的框架进行交通仿真,最后基于仿真结果统计需要的交通特征。论文以深圳市为例进行试验,结果表明,提出的方法能较好地模拟居民通勤行为的过程和统计交通流大小等特征。     

湘西北复杂构造区雪峰山先导孔钻进技术

雪峰山先导孔是部署在湘西北沅麻盆地麻阳向斜的一口页岩气地质调查井。钻遇地层松散破碎、裂隙发育、软硬互层等,钻进中极易出现漏失、卡钻、埋钻、岩心掉落等孔内复杂情况,严重影响了钻进效率。针对钻进过程中遇到的复杂地层及钻进技术难点,如裂隙发育地层钻井液漏失和涌水问题、松散破碎地层岩心采取问题、水敏性地层孔壁稳定性问题,提出了针对性的解决措施,包括：改进取心钻具,采用不提钻换内钻头拦簧护心绳索取心钻具;优化钻井液配方,采用微泡沫钻井液以及膨润土+褐煤树脂+广谱护壁剂Ⅲ型+抗高温抗盐降失水剂+石灰石粉的钻井液配方;采取针对性的施工管理措施。提高了钻进效率,钻井质量满足地质要求,有效地完成了钻井施工任务,为同类型页岩气调查井的钻井施工提供技术参考。