青海省纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿床成矿岩体的物质来源及成矿背景分析

纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿床是西南三江地区继玉龙特大型斑岩铜矿之后发现的又一大型矿床。在总结矿床地质特征的基础上,对该矿床的含矿斑岩体开展了详细的岩石学,地球化学及S、O、Pb、Sr同位素等特征的研究,并探讨了成矿意义。结果表明:纳日贡玛成矿斑岩体大部分为高钾钙碱性花岗岩,部分为钾玄岩系花岗岩,Ti、Ta、Yb、Ba等元素亏损,富集Zr,Hf、Rb和轻稀土元素,中低初始锶比值结合铅同位素分析结果表明它们主要来源于青藏高原加厚的下部地壳熔融,具有幔源成分的混染。     

Recognition of > or = 3850 Ma water-lain sediments in West Greenland and their significance for the early Archaean Earth

A layered body of amphibolite, banded iron formation (BIF), and ultramafic rocks from the island of Akilia, southern West Greenland, is cut by a quartz-dioritic sheet from which SHRIMP zircon 206Pb/207Pb weighted mean ages of 3865 +/- 11 Ma and 3840 +/- 8 Ma (2 sigma) can be calculated by different approaches. Three other methods of assessing the zircon data yield ages of >3830 Ma. The BIFs are interpreted as water-lain sediments, which with a minimum age of approximately 3850 Ma, are the oldest sediments yet documented. These rocks provide proof that by approximately 3850 Ma (1) there was a hydrosphere, supporting the chemical sedimentation of BIF, and that not all water was stored in hydrous minerals, and (2) that conditions satisfying the stability of liquid water imply surface temperatures were similar to present. Carbon isotope data of graphitic microdomains in apatite from the Akilia island BIF are consistent with a bio-organic origin (Mojzsis et al. 1996), extending the record of life on Earth to >3850 Ma. Life and surface water by approximately 3850 Ma provide constraints on either the energetics or termination of the late meteoritic bombardment event (suggested from the lunar cratering record) on Earth.     

Biomarker responses in Macoma nasuta (Bivalvia) exposed to sediments from northern San Francisco Bay

Our study investigates biomarker responses and survival of Macoma nasuta exposed to sediments collected from six locations in northern San Francisco Bay. Biomarkers analyzed were stress proteins (hsp70) in gill, mantle and digestive gland, lysosomal membrane damage and histopathologic lesions. Sediments and clam tissues were analyzed for a comprehensive suite of heavy metals and trace organic pollutants. Sediment grain size and organic carbon content were determined. Clams accumulated metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (aldrin and p,p(')-DDT and its metabolites p,p(')-DDD and p,p(')-DDE). Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that mortality, hsp70 in gill and histopathologic lesion scores in gonads, and lysosomal membrane damage were significantly correlated with tissue concentrations of DDT and/or its metabolites. Tissue concentrations of metals, in particular nickel, chromium, and copper, were associated with macrophage aggregates in digestive gland and germ cell necrosis. Cadmium was linked to mortality and lysosomal membrane damage.     

测量震源辐射的谱震级和谱地震图

为测量地震强度所做的努力已有100多年了。1935年,里克特用伍德-安德森地震仪记录的南加州地震建立了地方震震级标度M_L,所用地震波的周期范围为0.1～2s。1945年,古登堡(1945a)根据远震记录周期为(20±3)s的水平向面波建立了面波震级标度M_s;古登堡(1945b)还分别用平均周期为5s和10s的P波和S波引进了体波震级标度m_b。所有这些标度都是基于某些特定的周     

青海省纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿床成矿岩体的物质来源及成矿背景分析

纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿床是西南三江地区继玉龙特大型斑岩铜矿之后发现的又一大型矿床。在总结矿床地质特征的基础上,对该矿床的含矿斑岩体开展了详细的岩石学,地球化学及S、Ｏ、Pb、Sr同位素等特征的研究,并探讨了成矿意义。结果表明:纳日贡玛成矿斑岩体大部分为高钾钙碱性花岗岩,部分为钾玄岩系花岗岩,Ti、Ta、Yb、Ba等元素亏损,富集Zr,Hf、Rb和轻稀土元素,中低初始锶比值结合铅同位素分析结果表明它们主要来源于青藏高原加厚的下部地壳熔融,具有幔源成分的混染。      

On North Pacific circulation and associated marine debris concentration

Marine debris in the oceanic realm is an ecological concern, and many forms of marine debris negatively affect marine life. Previous observations and modeling results suggest that marine debris occurs in greater concentrations within specific regions in the North Pacific Ocean, such as the Subtropical Convergence Zone and eastern and western "Garbage Patches". Here we review the major circulation patterns and oceanographic convergence zones in the North Pacific, and discuss logical mechanisms for regional marine debris concentration, transport, and retention. We also present examples of meso- and large-scale spatial variability in the North Pacific, and discuss their relationship to marine debris concentration. These include mesoscale features such as eddy fields in the Subtropical Frontal Zone and the Kuroshio Extension Recirculation Gyre, and interannual to decadal climate events such as El Ni?o and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation/North Pacific Gyre Oscillation.     

Navy sonar and cetaceans: just how much does the gun need to smoke before we act?

Cetacean mass stranding events associated with naval mid-frequency sonar use have raised considerable conservation concerns. These strandings have mostly involved beaked whales, with common pathologies, including "bubble lesions" similar to decompression sickness symptoms and acoustic traumas. However, other cetacean species have also stranded coincident with naval exercises. Possible mechanisms for the strandings include a behavioral response that causes deep divers to alter their diving behavior, which then results in decompression sickness-like impacts. Current mitigation measures during military exercises are focused on preventing auditory damage (hearing loss), but there are significant flaws with this approach. Behavioral responses, which occur at lower sound levels than those that cause hearing loss, may be more critical. Thus, mitigation measures should be revised. A growing number of international bodies recognize this issue and have urged increasing scrutiny of sound-producing activities, but many national jurisdictions have resisted calls for increased protection.     

东昆仑那更康切尔银多金属矿床流纹斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

那更康切尔银多金属矿床是青海省目前发现的首个大型银矿床,通过对赋矿流纹斑岩进行岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素研究,结果表明:流纹斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为217.4±3.1 Ma,形成于晚三叠世;流纹斑岩SiO₂的含量在73.08%~75.78%,Al₂O₃含量介于14.05%~16.04%,Na₂O+K₂O含量为4.31%~4.77%,K₂O含量为4.20%~4.61%,K₂O/Na₂O比值远大于1,属于钙碱性强过铝钾质火山岩.岩石具有高硅、富铝、富钾的特征,Mg#值介于45~54,具有明显的轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损的特征;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K,亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素;ε_Hf（t）介于－4.4~－9.7,二阶段Hf模式年龄T_DM2为1 533~1 864 Ma.综上表明流纹斑岩主要源于中元古代－古元古代下地壳重熔,同时混入幔源物质;赋矿流纹斑岩形成于东昆仑晚三叠世造山后伸展环境.那更康切尔大型银矿床的发现,是东昆仑晚三叠世成矿作用的表现,为区域上寻找同期侵入岩或陆相火山岩有关的多金属矿床奠定基础.      

青海东昆仑希望沟铜镍矿点发现早泥盆世辉橄岩

正1研究目的(Objective)位于青海东昆仑东段的希望沟镁铁质—超镁铁质杂岩体是笔者项目团队近年来在都兰县察汗乌苏河地区进行矿产地质调查时发现的。岩性主要为辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉石橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、辉石岩等,岩浆分异较好(图1a),镍铜矿化主要