Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in marine biota and coastal sediments from the Gulf and the Gulf of Oman

The composition and spatial distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in biota and coastal sediments from four countries surrounding the Gulf (Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman). The levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), aliphatic unresolved mixture and PAHs in sediments and biota were relatively low compared to world-wide locations reported to be chronically contaminated by oil. Only in the case of the sediments collected near the BAPCO oil refinery in Bahrain, having concentrations of 779 μg g⁻¹ total petroleum hydrocarbon equivalents and 6.6 μg g⁻¹ ∑PAHs, can they be categorized as chronically contaminated. Some evidence of oil contamination was also apparent in sediments and bivalves around Akkah Head and Abu Dhabi in the UAE, and near Mirbat in Oman. Contaminant patterns in sediments and biota indicated that the PAHs were mainly from fossil sources, with the exception of the high PAH concentrations in sediments near the BAPCO refinery that contained substantial concentrations of carcinogenic PAH combustion products.     

地震辐射能对环境应力场的依赖性

用圆盘形位错模式,并认为位错是裂纹尖端的塑性位移,而不是整个断层面上的弹性位移,在时间域内计算了地震破裂释放的地震波总能量 E.结果表明能量正比于地震矩 M0和区域应力场0 的平方,并随破裂速度 vr的增加而增加,即 E M002f(vr).f 是 vr 的增函数.在频率域内,用我们导出的地震定标律公式对震源速度谱的平方进行积分,也同样得到了 EM002的结果.如果0=10MPa,则 E=4.79M0,这个结果与 Vassiliou 和 Kanamori 的结果一致.还计算了地震辐射效率 =5.26%.从地震波能量的分配上看,大部分能量在第一拐角频率 fc1和第三拐角频率 fc3之间,占92.3%.频率 fc1 的能量占3.85%,f>fc3的能量占3.85%.对于矩震级 Mw=6.0的地震,fc38Hz,所以这些地震的绝大部分能量的频率范围都<2Hz.这个现象已被 Vassiliou 和 Kanamori 所证实.上述结果表明,地震释放的能量对区域应力场有强烈的依赖性.