Assessment of organotin contamination in marine sediments and biota from the Gulf and adjacent region

Butyltin species were measured in sediments from coastal locations in the Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Both butyltin and phenyltin species were measured in biota samples from four countries in this region. With tributyltin (TBT) concentrations up to 60 ngSng(-1), some sediments could be classified as contaminated (i.e. TBT>1.3 ngSng(-1)), namely Dukhan (Qatar), the BAPCO industrial complex and Askar (Bahrain), and Hilf and the Raysut Port Area (Oman). Higher concentrations of total butyltins were found in oysters relative to fish, but ranging from 6.5 to 488 ngSng(-1) dry weight they are nonetheless relatively low. Diphenyltin and triphenyltin were found in some fish and bivalves from the Gulf, but not in biota from the Gulf of Oman. The environmental levels of organotin species are comparatively low by global standards and pose no immediate public health problems.     

城市地下水位变化与地面沉降关系的监测与分析

根据多年城市地表沉降及城市地下水位监测资料，系统地分析了地下水位变化与城市地表沉降的关系，给出了城市地表沉降的数学模型。     

Estimating hydraulic parameters when poroelastic effects are significant

For almost 80 years, deformation-induced head changes caused by poroelastic effects have been observed during pumping tests in multilayered aquifer-aquitard systems. As water in the aquifer is released from compressive storage during pumping, the aquifer is deformed both in the horizontal and vertical directions. This deformation in the pumped aquifer causes deformation in the adjacent layers, resulting in changes in pore pressure that may produce drawdown curves that differ significantly from those predicted by traditional groundwater theory. Although these deformation-induced head changes have been analyzed in several studies by poroelasticity theory, there are at present no practical guidelines for the interpretation of pumping test data influenced by these effects. To investigate the impact that poroelastic effects during pumping tests have on the estimation of hydraulic parameters, we generate synthetic data for three different aquifer-aquitard settings using a poroelasticity model, and then analyze the synthetic data using type curves and parameter estimation techniques, both of which are based on traditional groundwater theory and do not account for poroelastic effects. Results show that even when poroelastic effects result in significant deformation-induced head changes, it is possible to obtain reasonable estimates of hydraulic parameters using methods based on traditional groundwater theory, as long as pumping is sufficiently long so that deformation-induced effects have largely dissipated.     

The factors controlling the partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in the water-column of the Pearl River Estuary in South China

In this study, the distribution and partition of polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water from the Pearl River Estuary were investigated. A seasonal dependence for dissolved and particle phase PCB and PBDE levels was observed. A high dissolved phase level occurred in the dry season. The positive correlation between POC content in the particles and phase distribution coefficients (K_p) suggested that POC may play an important role in determining the partition of PBDEs and PCBs. A linear correlation between the observed log K_OC and log K_OW for PBDEs and PCBs was found with slopes less than one. The observed log K_OC values were lower than the predicted log K_OC values for PBDEs (except for BDE28). The log K_OC values were higher than the predicted values for PCBs. A combination of sorption to colloids (10-98% for PBDEs and less than 25% for PCBs) and adsorption to BC was responsible for this observation.     

Spatial analysis of the invasion of lionfish in the western Atlantic and Caribbean

Pterois volitans and Pterois miles, two sub-species of lionfish, have become the first non-native, invasive marine fish established along the United States Atlantic coast and Caribbean. The route and timing of the invasion is poorly understood, however historical sightings and captures have been robustly documented since their introduction. Herein we analyze these records based on spatial location, dates of arrival, and prevailing physical factors at the capture sights. Using a cellular automata model, we examine the relationship between depth, salinity, temperature, and current, finding the latter as the most influential parameter for transport of lionfish to new areas. The model output is a synthetic validated reproduction of the lionfish invasion, upon which predictive simulations in other locations can be based. This predictive model is simple, highly adaptable, relies entirely on publicly available data, and is applicable to other species.     

北部湾盆地乌石凹陷东部流沙港组物源分析

乌石凹陷是北部湾盆地继涠西南凹陷之后又一极具潜力的产能接替区,探讨其物源供给对掌握砂体展布规律及源-汇体系研究具有重要意义.基于地震资料、新钻井资料、岩心、测试分析等,试图从地震反射特征、岩矿特征、重矿物组合特征、水动力特征等方面探讨乌石凹陷无露头、无源-汇组分对比条件下沉积源区分布特征.研究表明:（1）乌石凹陷东洼流沙港组不同构造部位岩石组分存在明显差异,可以分为两种类型,其中源自企西隆起的北部WS17-2和中部WS16-1井区长石含量相对高,结构成熟度中等-差,以长石岩屑砂岩为主,源自流沙凸起的南部WS22-7和WS22-9井区岩屑含量高,结构成熟度差-中等,以岩屑砂岩为主;（2）北部和中部井区电气石、赤褐铁矿含量高、石榴子石含量低,南部井区赤褐铁矿、石榴石、锆石含量高,电气石含量低,反映该区域受到不同性质母岩碎屑影响;（3）水动力特征方面,北部井区与南部井区具有相似的最大碎屑粒径（-2~-1Φ）和最大悬浮粒径（2~3Φ）,跳跃组分低含量呈低斜度,显示近源杂乱沉积特征;中部WS16-1井区最大碎屑粒径0~1Φ,最大悬浮粒径3.6~4.0Φ,跳跃组分呈高含量高斜度,显示较好分选的远离物源沉积特征;（4）研究区砂岩分选磨圆差,塑性岩屑颗粒与基质含量较高,体现了小型凹陷的沉积充填特征.乌石凹陷流沙港组物源是小型裂陷盆地近源快速供给的典型代表,储层抗机械压实强度低,储层物性主要受机械压实与粘土含量的影响.