GIS应用技术实验课程教学改革探微

GIS应用技术课程改革应以实验设置建设、改革教学和评价方法为主要内容。其根本目的在于加深学生对GIS的基本理论、基本方法和基本技能的理解,力争培养适应经济社会发展需要,具有创新精神、实践能力和创业精神的GIS高素质专门人才。     

台风风神海上石油平台预报服务探讨

总结了在对台风风神数值预报失效,预报路径偏东的情况下,预报人员抓住天气形势的细微变化对路径及时修正,并紧密结合用户需求,以“全程跟进,及时沟通,急用户之所急”的高度责任心和服务态度,使海上石油平台1500人安全撤离,避免了人员伤亡和重大经济损失的服务过程。经研究发现：(1)“风神”偏西侧的强对流发展、地面负变压中心、中层正涡度中心、高层正散度中心的存在,以及云图北侧带状黑体区的形成均有利于“风神”西折;(2)在500hPa图上,“风神”前期西南部有一低压环流中心,后期东北侧高压坝形成,造成“风神”两次北翘。     

Analysis on structure of Typhoon Longwang based on GPS dropwinsonde data

As one of the most severe typhoons in the year 2005,Typhoon Longwang is chosen as a case study in this article.Throughout its life,two surveillance flights are carried out on it.Different from previous studies,GPS(global positioning system)Dropwinsonde data collected from the Dropwinsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region is chosen to present the thermodynamic and kinetic structure at its two different stages of development.This study suggests that not only kinetic structure but also thermodynamic structure of Longwang are more robust in the second surveillance than the first surveillance,with stronger and larger circulation and a warmer core.Further research shows that the environmental vertical wind shear mainly contributes to the asymmetric structure of the typhoon.The strong vertical wind shear not only results in the distinct asymmetric structure,but also restrains the development of the typhoon.     

山洪灾害监测雨量站网密度分析探讨

暴雨是诱发山洪的主要原因,雨量监测站网的布设至关重要。本文采用抽站法和流域水文模型法对江西遂川江流域雨量站网密度进行了分析研究,得出允许误差控制下的最少监测站数量。对比分析站网密度公式计算结果,大流域内的子流域区划对雨量站数量有很大影响。综合考虑流域特征、地形起伏及流域内人口密度、社会经济水平等因素修正的站网密度公式,为无资料地区山洪监测预警系统建设提供参考。     

XSD-296树脂对铼(Ⅶ)的吸附性能及机理

用化学分析和红外光谱研究了XSD-296树脂吸附和解吸铼的性能及机理。结果表明,树脂对Re(Ⅶ)的吸附在pH=3.2的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中最佳,静态饱和吸附容量为330.4 mg/g树脂,等温吸附服从Freun-dlich经验式,吸附速率常数k298=3.83×10-4/s。用2.0 mol/L硫氰酸铵溶液或2.0 mol/L高氯酸溶液作解吸剂能定量洗脱。吸附机理表明,树脂功能基与Re(Ⅶ)发生了配位键合。     

坡缕石粘土固定辣根过氧化酶处理硝基酚废水

以坡缕石粘土、淀粉、水玻璃为原料,研究了固定化酶载体的制备工艺,探究了固定化酶载体在辣根过氧化酶(HRP)降解硝基酚废水中的作用,并探讨了反应时间、酶浓度、H2O2及硝基酚浓度对降解效果的影响。结果表明,固定化酶载体的最佳制备工艺为:水玻璃12%,淀粉20%,煅烧温度550℃,煅烧时间2 h;固定化酶对硝基酚的去除效果明显高于原酶;固定化酶去除水中硝基酚的最佳反应条件为:反应时间1.5 h,加酶量150 U,H2O2浓度0.12%,硝基酚浓度100 mg/L;固定化酶重复使用7次后对硝基酚的去除率仍高于60%。     

U-Pb Dating of Volcanic Rocks and Granites along the Wuyishan Belt: Constraints on Timing of Late Mesozoic Tectonic Events in Southeast China

Five volcanic rock samples and two granite samples taken from the volcanic basins in western Fujian and southern Jiangxi were dated by using the zircon laser albation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U-Pb method. Together with previously dated ages, the dates obtained provide important constraints on the timing of late Mesozoic tectonic events in SE China. The volcanic rock samples yield ages of 183.1±3.5 Ma, ca. 141 Ma to 135.8±1.1 Ma, 100.4±1.5 to 97.6±1.1 Ma, confirming three episodes of late Mesozoic volcanic activities, which peaked at 180±5 Ma, 140±5 Ma and 100±5 Ma, respectively, along the Wuyishan belt. Moreover, based on field investigations of these volcano-sedimentary basins, we have recognized two compressional tectonic events along this belt. The early one was characterized by Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic NNE-trending folds that were intruded by late Jurassic granites; and the late one caused the Lower Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary layer to be tilted. The dated age 152.9±1.4 Ma of the granitic samples from the Hetian granitic pluton in the Changting Basin and that from the Baishiding granitic pluton, 100.2±1.8 Ma, in the Jianning Basin, give the upper boundaries of these two tectonic events respectively. Hence, the late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of SE China was alternated between extension and compression.     

基于Savitzky-Golay方法的遥感影像融合

把Savitzky-Golayr滤波方法拓展至二维,提出了基于Savitzky-Golay方法的遥感影像融合算法,并通过与HSI变换、PCA变换和小波变换融合等传统融合算法的比较,证明该方法性能最优.分析Savitzky-Golay滤波算子阶数和小波变换尺度对融合影像质量的影响,发现Savitzky-Golay滤波融合过程中Savitzky-Golay滤波算子阶数是决定融合质量的关键因素.算子阶数越高,融合后影像细节信息越丰富,但光谱信息损失也越严重;算子阶数越低,融合后影像光谱信息保持能力越好,但细节信息增强能力变弱.如何根据具体的遥感影像自动确定最佳的算子阶数是下一步要解决的问题.     

岩层厚度对碳酸盐岩构造裂缝面密度和分形分布的影响

岩层厚度对于碳酸盐岩构造裂缝的发育起到重要作用.新疆柯坪大湾沟、青松和蓬莱坝构造性质比较稳定,剖面的构造裂缝测量结果统计分析表明,碳酸盐岩构造裂缝面密度与层厚呈负相关关系,层厚越大,构造裂缝面密度越小,但裂缝规模较大;随着层厚减薄,构造裂缝面密度线性增大,但裂缝规模较小.碳酸盐岩构造裂缝具有良好的分形特征,统计结果显示...     

浅析广义干旱与狭义干旱的联系与区别

指出干旱研究的基础是以区域水资源承载力为前提。利用陆地水文学知识分析了自然界水循环运动的每个环节和特点,剖析了水资源承载力在陆面蒸发和径流衰退过程中形成干旱的机制。定义了广义干旱,并简析了与气象、农业等各种狭义干旱的区别与联系。强调了陆地水文学是唯一可以给干旱以科学、严谨和充分定义的学科。