岩石中纳米粒子层的观察厘定及其地质意义

纳米粒子具有个体极小(≤ 100nm), 大小均一, 多元物质和功能繁多的特点。岩石剪切滑移面纳米粒子层最早发现于美国圣安德列斯断裂带的花岗质糜棱岩中, 后相继在国内外一些地区的不同岩类中观察到。在剪切滑动作用下, 具有圆度和球度的纳米粒子可被变异, 并形成层状结构和各种构造型式。对岩石中纳米粒子层的成因有着不同的观点, 我们倾向于剪切摩擦的主导作用, 纳米粒子层可称谓摩擦-粘性薄层带。纳米级尺度粒子的力学、物理和化学效应是多种的、新奇的, 因此, 岩石纳米粒子层的研究有着重要的理论和实践意义。目前有关方面的研究工作, 国内外都处在起步阶段。      

反转构造的识别及其地质意义

反转构造是构造地质学目前研究的热点之一,它是—种重要的叠加构造样式,与油气的生成、运移和聚集有着密切的关系,因而受到石油地质学家的高度重视。从几何学、运动学等角度对反转构造进行研究,认为不同性质和规模的构造反转,其发育规律、展布形式均不同,并对油气的运移和富集有重要作用。     

Crust and uppermost mantle structure of the Ailaoshan-Red River fault from receiver function analysis

S-wave velocity structure beneath the Ailaoshan-Red River fault was obtained from receiver functions by using teleseismic body wave records of broadband digital seismic stations. The average crustal thickness, Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson’s ratio were also estimated. The results indicate that the interface of crust and mantle beneath the Ailaoshan-Red River fault is not a sharp velocity discontinuity but a characteristic transition zone. The velocity increases relatively fast at the depth of Moho and then increases slowly in the uppermost mantle. The average crustal thickness across the fault is 36―37 km on the southwest side and 40―42 km on the northeast side, indicating that the fault cuts the crust. The relatively high Poisson’s ratio (0.26―0.28) of the crust implies a high content of mafic materials in the lower crust. Moreover, the lower crust with low velocity could be an ideal position for decoupling between the crust and upper mantle.     

Characteristics of energy dissipation in hyperconcentrated flows

An equilibrium equation for the turbulence energy in of solid-liquid two-phase flow theory. The equation sediment-laden flows was derived on the basis was simplified for two-dimensional, uniform, steady and fully developed turbulent hyperconcentrated flows. An energy efficiency coefficient of suspended-load motion was obtained from the turbulence energy equation, which is defined as the ratio of the sediment suspension energy to the turbulence energy of the sediment-laden flows. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of energy dissipation in hyperconcentrated flows. A total of 115 experimental runs were carried out, comprising 70 runs with natural sediments and 45 runs with cinder powder. Effects of sediment concentration on sediment suspension energy and flow resistance were analyzed and the relation between the energy efficiency coefficient of suspended-load motion and sediment concentration was established on the basis of experimental data. Furthermore, the characteristics of energy dissipation in hyperconcentrated flows were identified and described. It was found that the high sediment concentration does not increase the energy dissipation; on the contrary, it decreases flow resistance.     

A New Platy-armored Worm from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte, South China

The Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte provides a good window to explore the origin and radiation of early bilaterians. Here we describe a netted sclerite-bearing worm Tabelliscolex hexagonus gen. et sp. nov., and tentatively assign it to palaeoscolecidans of priapulids. The cuticle of the animal is covered with two kinds of platy sclerites which are constructed by hexagonally arranged tubercles. Similar structures of the sclerites can be seen on some Cambrian palaeoscolecidans and lobopods, so, this new species is critical for understanding the relationships between lobopods and palaeoscolecidans.     

单源单缆方式采集的天然气水合物三维地震数据处理技术

作为潜在的能源储备,天然气水合物的重要性持续上升.针对天然气水合物的地震勘探也逐步由二维方式向三维方式转变.本文以单源单缆方式采集的天然气水合物三维地震数据为基础,探讨了地震数据成像的关键技术,在获得准确的三维地震成像数据体的同时,还得到三维地层速度数据体.三维地震数据更有利于描述含天然气水合物地层的地震反射特征,并刻画可能含天然气水合物地层的分布,从而拓宽对天然气水合物储层的认识.     

1961—2018年中国主要江河枯季径流演变特征与成因

枯季是水旱、水生态和水资源问题的重要时期,枯季径流的变化直接影响着河流生态和流域水资源管理.基于中国网格气象数据和主要江河枯季径流资料,初步分析了1961—2018年中国气候变化趋势和主要江河枯季径流演变特征与成因.结果表明,全国枯季平均气温显著上升,北方地区升温较早,南方地区2001—2018年升温明显.全国约84％...     

高武地区过铝花岗岩特征与构造环境

高武地区的过铝花岗岩主要为二长花岗岩及正长花岗岩,山德指数ALI>1 1,标准矿物刚玉分子(c)普遍>3,出现石榴石、原生白云母矿物组合,δ18O‰>10、87Sr/86Sr>0 707,属典型的S型过铝花岗岩。形成的高峰期为新元古代早中期(819-825Ma),是与Rodinia超大陆裂解背景有关的拉张构造环境的产物,而非形成于挤压构造体制。     

某水电站1号堆积体锚索砂浆固壁成孔试验与研究

在松散破碎、严重架空地层中钻进成孔及快速施工技术是一直困扰着工程技术人员的难题之一。为解决水电站坝区堆积体中锚索钻孔中成孔率极低问题,经过固壁灌浆试验研究,向普通硅酸盐水泥中加入一定量的速凝剂和硫酸钙,改善浆液的凝结时间和抗压强度,起到很好的固壁灌浆效果,提高了锚索孔施工的成孔功效。     

中国东南部侏罗纪—第三纪陆相地层沉积特征

系统分析、总结了中国东南部地区中新生代地层的分布状况、沉积作用、构造特征 ,反映出地层分布总体上具 NE走向、SE— NW的分带现象 ,现今盆地的面貌有五种不同类型及相应的几何形态。分析认为 ,中国东南部早、中侏罗世普遍为拉张裂陷沉积环境 ,在赣南、粤北、闽西一带发育双峰式火山岩 ;稍后可能受到区域性挤压 ,如皖南、浙西、赣东北等地有南东向北西逆冲的压性构造 ;早白垩世为火山喷发高峰期 ,研究区均不同程度发生了火山喷发 ,其中东南沿海发育大面积的火山岩 ;早白垩世以后华南全区转为拉张 ,发育大量中、小型断陷盆地等伸展型盆地 ;晚白垩世—第三纪地壳继续处于拉张松弛环境 ,形成以裂谷环境为主要特征的火山—沉积岩石组合。这些结果表明 ,早—中侏罗世受古特提斯构造域和太平洋构造域的共同影响 ,中侏罗世之后太平洋板块占主导 ,上述现象主要系太平洋板块在晚中生代不同阶段对中国东南部俯冲作用的方位、俯冲速率、俯冲角度有所变化所导致