感热加热对华北及其周边对流活动的影响

利用2006～2017年风云气象卫星资料和气象再分析资料,对华北及周边5～8月对流活动和地面感热加热进行统计分析。分析表明,华北及周边白天平均感热加热和地形关系密切,内蒙古中部和东南部、华北北部和华北西部山区感热加热较强,最强感热加热出现在5月和6月,7月和8月明显减弱。和感热加热强度相对应,对流活动频率较高的月份同样出现在5月和6月,其中5月以弱对流为主,6月华北中北部强对流最活跃,另外,环渤海区域6～7月强对流相对频繁。5～8月日平均感热加热和对流频率趋势呈现一致的减弱对应关系。上午,感热加热引起河北西部和北部对流层低层出现辐合气流,700 hPa以下出现不同程度的增温,上升气流可达对流层中层,东侧的平原地区出现补偿下沉运动,升温和上升运动触发对流,在有利条件下发展东移。不同月份和区域对流频率日变化呈现明显差异,6月对流频率日变化显著,8月最弱,山区对流频率日变化显著,东部渤海及周边对流频率日变化较小。对流频率的月平均分布和日变化均表现出和地形相关的感热加热差异的特征。     

中国中东部区域TRMM降水产品降尺度研究及其时空特征分析

该研究以中国中东部区域(17°～50°N,98°～135°E)为研究范围,在前人研究基础上,根据水汽与降水之间的关系,基于MOD05水汽产品,采用偏最小二乘法,对中国中东部区域2001—2010年10 a平均TRMM3B43_V 7月降水产品进行降尺度,旨在得到空间分辨率为1 km×1 km的月降水空间分布。通过比较分析,发现该降尺度模型能大幅提高TRMM产品空间分辨率,估算结果平均相对误差为15.35%,与地面观测较接近,能体现中国中东部区域降水宏观分布趋势,且估算结果精度高于前人基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)的降尺度模型,能满足降水产品的精细化需求。     

Interannual and Decadal Changes in Tropospheric Ozone in China and the Associated Chemistry–Climate Interactions: A Review

China has been experiencing widespread air pollution due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in recent decades.The two major concerns of ambient air quality in China are particulate matter(PM) and tropospheric ozone(O_3). With the implementation of air pollution prevention and control actions in the last five years, the PM pollution in China has been substantially reduced. In contrast, under the conditions of the urban air pollution complex, the elevated O_3 levels in city clusters of eastern China, especially in warm seasons, have drawn increasing attention. Emissions of air pollutants and their precursors not only contribute to regional air quality, but also alter climate. Climate change in turn can change chemical processes, long-range transport, and local meteorology that influence air pollution. Compared to PM, less is known about O_3 pollution and its climate effects over China. Here, we present a review of the main findings from the literature over the period 2011–18 with regard to the characteristics of O_3 concentrations in China and the mechanisms that drive its interannual to decadal variations, aiming to identify robust conclusions that may guide decision-making for emissions control and to highlight critical knowledge gaps. We also review regional and global modeling studies that have investigated the impacts of tropospheric O_3 on climate, as well as the projections of future tropospheric O_3 owing to climate and/or emission changes.     

基于阈值可调切换系统的多翅膀混沌吸引子设计及电路仿真

本文提出了一种通过调节一类状态依赖切换系统的阈值来生成多翅膀混沌吸引子的设计方案.首先,设计了两个类Lorenz子系统;然后,基于这两个子系统构造了一个状态依赖于阈值的切换策略,从而构造了一类状态依赖于阈值的切换系统;最后,通过调整切换系统的阈值来改变鞍焦平衡点的个数与分布,使得该切换系统能够产生4-6-8翅膀的混沌吸引子.此外,根据切换系统的状态方程设计了该系统的模拟电路,电路仿真结果与数值仿真结果一致.实验结果证实：该设计方案可以在不增加系统维数或无需设计复杂非线性函数的情况下生成多翅膀混沌吸引子.     

CWRF模式在中国夏季极端降水模拟的误差订正

利用1980—2015年6—8月我国逐日降水观测数据评估CWRF模式（Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting model）多种参数化方案对我国夏季日降水的模拟能力,并考察累积概率变换偏差订正法（CDFt）的订正效果。通过将广义帕累托分布（GPD）引入到偏差订正模型中,提出针对极端降水的累积概率变换偏差订正法（XCDFt）,检验和评估其对极端降水订正的适用性。结果显示:CWRF模式微物理过程选用Morrison-aerosol参数化方案组合对我国降水场的模拟较好,CDFt订正效果良好;XCDFt偏差订正模型能够较好地提取模式建模与验证时期变化信号,订正后相比订正前与观测极端降水的概率分布更为接近;经过XCDFt订正后华南、华中和华北地区20年一遇的极端降水重现水平较模拟值更接近观测值,可为CWRF模式提高极端降水的业务预测水平提供参考。     

Synthetic information prediction system for crisis mine based on GIS

Reserves of some kinds of the crisis mines will be lack now or from now on, because of lacking seriously reserves of mineral resources and the crisis of exploring bases in support. So that it is urgent to predict, appraise, development and utilize the replaceable resources of the crisis mines. The mineral resources prediction software system of synthetic information is intelligent GIS which is used to quantitative prediction of large-scale synthetic information mineral target. It takes the geological body and the mineral resource body as a unit. And it analyzes the ore deposit genesis and metallotect, knows the spatial distribution laws of the ore deposit and ore body, and establish the prospecting model based on the concept of establishing the three-dimensional space of a mine. This paper will primarily discuss some important problems as follows: the secondary development of various kinds of data(including geology, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing, etc); process synthetically and establish the synthetic information interpretative map base; correspond prospecting model with synthetic information of ore deposit; divided into statistical units of metallogenic information synthetic anomalies based on the synthetic information anomalies of ore control, then research the metallogenic information variable of unit synthetically and make quantitative prediction according to choose the quantitative prediction math model which is suitable to the demands of large-scale precision; at last, finish the target area optimization of ore deposit (body).     

Change of ancient hydrology net in Northeast China Plain

Comparing with lithofacies palaeogeography of several great plains, the authors analyzed four great plains in Quaternary diastrophism, the sedimentary facies, sedimentary environment and their evolution from the independent embryonic and river system of ancient Heilongjiang finally to the Halar highland, Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain, the Xingkai Lake Plain and various river systems, collected the unification outside the system of Heilongjiang River to release into the sea, south ancient Xialiao River finally piracy Dongliao River, Xialiao River had released into the sea the ancient water law vicissitude and the evolved rule.     

基坑支护中锚杆预应力损失机理分析

目前基坑支护工程中,预应力锚杆加固技术已经得到广泛应用,但对于锚杆锁固以后的预应力变化规律还没有进行深入探讨研究,尤其是针对基坑侧壁为土质边坡的情况。针对锚杆锁固后,预应力的短期内损失和长期运行的稳定性缺乏全面的认识。通过对基坑锚杆预应力变化的系统监测和分析,揭示了锚杆预应力在运行过程中预应力变化的3个不同阶段,并分析了相应的作用因素。     

福建及沿海地区地震活动力源探讨

综合地震震源机制解和地壳形变观测资料的研究, 求得福建及其沿海地区现代震源应力场, 认为这与台湾地区、 台湾海峡应力场相互衔接, 主压应力轴优势方位为NW-SE向, 力轴仰角较小, 应力场近于水平挤压, 形变场反映近期福建沿海亦受北西方向, 接近与海岸垂直的挤压力。 进一步分析该区域内的断裂构造特征和地震活动强度由东至西逐渐减弱的规律, 认为菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块的相互作用力不仅是台湾强震力源所在, 而且其影响向西扩展, 福建及其沿海地区地震活动主要力源仍然是来自这两大板块的相互作用力。     

新疆萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩Nd、Sr、Pb、O同位素特征

新疆西准噶尔萨吾尔地区森塔斯岩体和沃肯萨拉岩体为I型花岗岩,侵入于早石炭世末,具有偏碱性特点,形成于后碰撞阶段的伸展期或挤压—伸展转变期;阔依塔斯岩体和恰其海岩体为A2型花岗岩,侵入于早二叠世初,形成于后碰撞阶段伸展期张性构造环境中。I型花岗岩和A型花岗岩的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征相似,显示出幔源特征,它们是同源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。两类花岗岩在O同位素以及稀土元素特征上存在明显差异。西准噶尔萨吾尔地区I型花岗岩(森塔斯岩体和沃肯萨拉岩体)以及A型花岗岩(阔依塔斯岩体和恰其海岩体)的发育,进一步证实了晚古生代区内地壳的垂向增生作用。对比研究表明,可以将西准噶尔萨吾尔地区的A型花岗岩归入东准噶尔乌伦古富碱火成岩带。