基于黏性土分散机制的分散性土化学改性研究

分散性土具有遇水易分散的特性,可导致堤坝等水利工程的冲蚀破坏。基于黏性土分散机制的研究,选用AlCl3• 6H2O、MgCl2•6H2O、CaCl2及CaO作为分散性土的化学改性材料,采用针孔试验和碎块试验对其改性效果进行判别和比较。试验表明,上述改性材料均可将分散性土改性为非分散性土,显著提高土体的抗冲蚀能力。结果说明：在分散性土中掺加高价态阳离子的可溶性盐,通过置换土粒表面钠离子或降低土体碱性,减小颗粒扩散层的厚度,可抑制土体的分散性,从而达到改性的目的;根据黏性土分散机制以及改性试验结果,提出了分散性土化学改性的原则,即改性材料中含有高价态的可溶性阳离子,或改性材料呈酸性,且环境友好,价格低廉,施工方便。     

遥感技术在我国海冰研究方面的进展

本文首先对遥感技术在我国海冰研究中的发展情况作了详细地论述,并介绍了几种常用于海冰研究的遥感数据;其次,从海冰厚度识别、海冰运动速度矢量计算、海冰资源量测算以及海冰灾害监测等四个方面,简单论述了遥感技术在海冰研究中的应用。最后,以渤海海冰为例,阐述了遥感技术的具体应用,同时指出了今后的发展方向。     

基于陆态网络GPS数据的电离层空间天气监测与研究

中国大陆构造环境监测网络(简称陆态网络)是以全球卫星导航定位系统(GNSS)为主,辅以多种空间观测技术,实时动态监测大陆构造环境变化,探求其对资源、环境和灾害的影响的地球科学综合观测网络.基于陆态网络约200个基准站的GPS观测数据,本文探讨了其在电离层空间天气监测与研究方面的应用.包括磁暴期间电离层暴扰动形态,大尺度电离层行进式扰动,太阳耀斑引起的电离层骚扰和低纬电离层不规则体结构等.研究结果表明:陆态网络布局合理,观测数据质量良好,完全可用于中国及周边地区电离层空间天气监测与研究,为进一步开展我国电离层空间天气预警和预报奠定了观测基础.     

Recent Activity of the Badu-Longwei Segment, Guguan-Xiangong Fault in Southern Liupanshan, Constrained by Rhythmic Sediment Lithology and Geomorphic Characteristics

This study's objective was to investigate the Guguan-Xiangong Fault, which lies in the southern Liupanshan area, through satellite image interpretation and field observations. Guguan-Xiangong Fault is divided into five subsegments; among these, the Badu-Longwei segment has been the most recently active. The geomorphic features of the Badu-Longwei segment are clearly displayed, including multiple high fault scarps with fresh bedrock free faces. There is significant evidence for Holocene activity of the three fault sections, located in Renhuashu, Tianjiagou, and Xinjiecun respectively. The three sections feature distinct episodic deposition and fault scratches. Based on 14 Cdating and field observations on the three fault sections, two or more paleoearthquakes across the Badu-Longwei fault segment are ascertained, between 5874±116 and 5430±140 a BP, and after 2037±83 a BP respectively. The Badu-Longwei segment of the Guguan-Xiangong Fault is preliminarily extrapolated as the seismogenic structure of the 600 A.D. Qin-Long earthquake.     

钢结构房屋动力特性脉动法测试研究

对上海地区的10幢钢结构建筑进行脉动法测试并采集数据,得到广义钢结构房屋的动力特性。选取其中1栋典型建筑通过多次测试和数值模拟分别验证测试的稳定性和准确性。通过分析处理测试数据建立钢结构建筑一阶周期与结构层数或高度的线性关系式,并归纳总结了等效阻尼比的测试结果,为验证结构动力特性理论计算结果、钢结构建筑减震隔震设计以及鉴定、加固改造、损伤识别提供依据。     

多排CT对非典型阑尾炎的诊断价值

目的:探讨多排CT对缺乏典型临床表现的阑尾炎的应用价值。材料方法:搜集2010年1月～2012年1月临床首诊未考虑阑尾炎,经手术、病理证实为阑尾炎患者58例,回顾分析其CT表现。结果:58例阑尾炎患者中CT术前诊断为阑尾炎54例,诊断准确率93%。其中:解剖位置异常的阑尾炎6例;育龄妇女急性阑尾炎22例;老年急性阑尾炎19例;小儿急性阑尾炎11例。急性阑尾炎CT直接征象:阑尾肿胀、阑尾壁增厚及阑尾结石。CT间接征象:阑尾周围炎、阑尾周围脓肿。结论:使用多排CT对临床早期明确非典型阑尾炎的诊断有重要意义。     

基于ArcGIS的县级农村土地调查数据库建设技术探讨

本文在论证几种主要软件的功能特点基础上选择ArcGIS作为软件平台,修正了县级农村土地调查数据库建设流程,探讨了数据库建设过程中的一些关键技术:属性输入技术、特色点状符号库设计、地理相关法质量检查机制等。最后,对基于ArcGIS的县级农村土地调查数据库的优点及应用前景进行展望。     

塔里木盆地志留纪沉积层序构成及充填响应特征

塔里木盆地志留系是由角度不整合面所限定的一个区域性（二级）的沉积层序,其内可划分出5个三级沉积层序。总体上显示一个从水进到水退的沉积旋回,可识别出曲流河三角洲—辫状河三角洲、滨外陆棚及较深水盆地、无障壁碎屑滨岸—无障壁碎屑潮坪沉积体系组合,它们代表了二级沉积层序中相对低位、海侵和高位的3个沉积体系组合。研究区构造、沉积、古生物和古气候资料表明,层序1底界面和层序5顶界面是塔里木周缘板块构造挤压、盆地隆升作用的结果;层序2底界面是周缘板块强烈挤压、盆地挠曲下降作用结果,同期全球海平面快速上升;层序3、层序4和层序5的底界面是在构造作用稳定、全球海平面下降背景之上由相对海平面次一级旋回变化形成的,是古气候变化、沉积物供给及构造沉降共同作用的结果。     

焙烧-湿法预脱硅工艺处理高硫低铝硅比铝土矿石的试验研究及效果——以贵州务川大竹园铝土矿区矿石为例

DS1试样主要化学成分为Al2O3 64.31%,SiO2 8.92%,A/S 7.11,TS 0.30%;该试样经焙烧-湿法预脱硅处理后,A/S由7.11提高到26.37,Al2O3由63.41%升高到78.53%,TS从0.30%降低到0.11%;焙砂在温度280℃,时间60 min,配料比αk 1.45,碱浓度为220 g/l,石灰添加量4%的最佳溶出条件下,Al2O3的绝对溶出率为95.52%,相对溶出率99.59%;Ga的溶出率91.63%,溶出物在1100℃下锻烧2 h,可获得Al2O3>99%,其他各项指标均优于YS/T274-1998AO-1行业标准的氧化铝产品。     

Multi-year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model (RegCM_NCC). Part Ⅰ: Sensitivity Study

A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center (NCC), China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year (2001 to 2004) prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process parameterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme (MFS) and Betts-Miller scheme (BM) for convective precipitation, the LPMI (land surface process model I) and LPMII (land surface process model Ⅱ) for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE (turbulent kinetic energy) scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 (RegCM_NCC) has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions.