谈新形势下地勘单位改革发展的现状及未来发展方向

新中国成立以来,地勘单位先后在计划经济和市场经济下为国家的发展做出了重要贡献,也先后经历了初步探索、属地化管理、事企分体运行等不同阶段。十九大以来,随着事业单位改革的逐步深入,地勘单位改革迫在眉睫。为了更好的适应时代发展,又快又好地进行地勘单位转型,通过研究不同历史时期地勘单位发展的问题和困难,指出现阶段面临的主要问题是改革意愿不强烈、转型工勘领域受阻、资本占有率低和人才匮乏。以此为基础,提出转变思想、学习集团化企业路线、投身地方产业结构、全面提升自然资源意识、加强自身建设和长期持续稳定转型的发展建议,供转型发展的地勘单位参考。     

Late Neoarchean crustal growth under paired continental arc-back arc system in the North China Craton

The late Archean (~3.0–2.5 Ga) was a key period of continental growth globally, which is widely considered to reflect the onset of vigorous plate tectonic activity, although related continental growth modes remain contentious. Here we investigate a suite of late Neoarchean metavolcanic rocks from the southwest Qixia area of the Jiaobei terrane in the North China Craton. The rocks in this suite include amphibolites, clinopyroxene amphibolites, and hornblende plagioclase gneisses. We present zircon U-Pb isotopic data which indicate that the protoliths of these rocks formed during ~2549–2511 Ma.The (clinopyroxene) amphibolites correspond to meta-basaltic rocks, with some containing high modal content of titanite. These rocks show moderate to high FeO_T (8.96–13.62 wt.%) and TiO₂ (0.59–1.59 wt.%), flat to less fractionated REE patterns, and mildly negative Th, Nb, and Ta anomalies, resembling those of Fe-tholeiites. In addition, they display positive zircon ?_Hf(t) values (+2.6 to +8.7), and are devoid of crustal contamination or fractional crystallization. Combined with the low Nb/Yb (mostly < 1.60) and (Hf/Sm)_N (mostly < 0.95), low to moderate Th/Yb (0.08–0.54), and low V/Sc (5.53–9.19) ratios, these basaltic rocks are interpreted to have been derived from a relatively reduced and depleted mantle source that was mildly metasomatized by hydrous fluids. The hornblende plagioclase gneisses are meta-andesitic rocks, and occur interlayered with the basaltic rocks. They are transitional between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline rock series, and show fractionated REE patterns with evidently negative Th, Nb, and Ta anomalies. The depleted zircon ?_Hf(t) values (+2.4 to +8.4) and quantitative chemical modeling suggest that the andesitic rocks were most likely generated by injection and mixing of juvenile felsic magmas with the tholeiitic basaltic magmas.In general, the chemical features and genesis of late Neoarchean meta-basaltic rocks in our study area resemble those of Mariana back-arc basin basalts. Combined with regional geological data, it is proposed that the Jiaobei terrane witnessed late Neoarchean crustal growth under a paired continental arc-back arc setting. On a regional context, we propose two distinct geodynamic mode of late Neoarchean continental growth across North China Craton (particularly the Eastern Block), i.e., (1) arc-continent accretion along northwestern part of the Eastern Block; and (2) paired continental arc-back arc system surrounding the ~3.8–2.7 Ga continental nuclei to the southeast.     

A novel index to evaluate discretization methods:A case study of flood susceptibility assessment based on random forest

The selection of a suitable discretization method(DM)to discretize spatially continuous variables(SCVs)is critical in ML-based natural hazard susceptibility assessment.However,few studies start to consider the influence due to the selected DMs and how to efficiently select a suitable DM for each SCV.These issues were well addressed in this study.The information loss rate(ILR),an index based on the informa-tion entropy,seems can be used to select optimal DM for each SCV.However,the ILR fails to show the actual influence of discretization because such index only considers the total amount of information of the discretized variables departing from the original SCV.Facing this issue,we propose an index,infor-mation change rate(ICR),that focuses on the changed amount of information due to the discretization based on each cell,enabling the identification of the optimal DM.We develop a case study with Random Forest(training/testing ratio of 7:3)to assess flood susceptibility in Wanan County,China.The area under the curve-based and susceptibility maps-based approaches were presented to compare the ILR and ICR.The results show the ICR-based optimal DMs are more rational than the ILR-based ones in both cases.Moreover,we observed the ILR values are unnaturally small(＜1％),whereas the ICR values are obviously more in line with general recognition(usually 10％-30％).The above results all demonstrate the superiority of the ICR.We consider this study fills up the existing research gaps,improving the ML-based natural hazard susceptibility assessments.     

Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on strength and ductility and microstructure of cement-treated silt with polypropylene fiber

Acta Geotechnica - In this paper, the strength, ductility and microstructure behavior of cement-treated silt with polypropylene fiber was studied by a host of experimental studies. The influence of...     

Machine learning reveals the influences of grain morphology on grain crushing strength

Acta Geotechnica - Grain morphology has significant impacts on the mechanical behaviors of granular materials. However, its influences on grain breakage are still poorly understood due to the...     

世界气象中心(北京)全球预报服务共享平台设计与实现

世界气象中心(北京)建设是中国气象局承担世界气象组织(WMO)的全球数据处理和预报系统(GDPFS)要求的任务,为全球实时气象预报预测业务提供高效丰富的无缝隙天气气候监测、预报、预测分析指导产品及数据产品服务共享,提高区域性国际天气业务会商交流效率,国家气象中心设计并实现了世界气象中心(北京)全球预报服务共享平台,通过分析全球监测、预报预测等业务数据海量、异构、实时性强等特征,采用浏览器/服务器(B/S结构)多层架构和分布式实时处理、任务调度等关键技术实现了全球实况监测、天气模式、气候模式、模式检验数据的高效加工预处理、产品分析制作、产品自动流转、网络服务共享和业务指导等全流程业务功能,并提供了国际天气预报会商等专业化功能。平台自2018年6月6日业务运行以来,已有13个国家和地区注册会商用户,超过15万次全球访问量,为全球专业用户高效提供了全球实时天气监测、预报服务产品业务指导,未来将成为中国气象局对外气象业务指导和气象服务的重要窗口和纽带。     

河北省苹果膨大期高温热害和气候适宜性分析

选取河北省45个苹果种植主产县,利用1988—2017年6—8月≥35℃高温日数、≥0.1 mm降水日数、20～27℃适宜气温日数(剔除高温和降水同时出现日数)进行数理统计,分析河北省苹果膨大期高温热害指数和气候适宜指数时间变化特征,并对各指数进行分级、评价。采用GIS反距离权重法差值分析,构建区划图,分析河北省苹果膨大期高温热害指数和气候适宜指数的空间分布特征。结果表明:苹果膨大期高温日数以每10年0.9天的日数上升;适宜气温日数、降水日数分别以每10年2.7、1.1天的日数下降。历年高温热害指数每10年上升0.03,气候适宜指数每10年下降3.6。高温热害重度风险区域主要分布在河北平原中南部的冀南地区,中度风险区分布在河北省境内太行山中、西部及河北平原的北部区域,轻度风险区主要分布在燕山区域的冀东地区。气候适宜区主要分布在燕山区域的冀东地区、西北及环渤海区域;较适宜区分布在河北省境内太行山中部及河北平原的北部区域,也包括沧州、邯郸市的苹果种植县;一般适宜区主要分布在河北平原中南部的冀南地区。     

中国地区集合预报产品自适应递减平均偏差订正法的改进研究

基于中国地区T213集合预报产品2 m温度预报数据,采用卡尔曼滤波类型的自适应递减平均法进行偏差订正处理,原方案在剧烈降温天气订正效果表现不理想。通过对递减平均参数w的重新构建得到改进的订正方案w(i,p)(i为站点信息,p为天气过程信息),在此基础上进一步优化对历史信息的有效提取,得到改进的方案w(i,p)相似法和w(i,p)统计法,并进行效果检验。结果表明:改进为包含空间和天气过程信息的函数w(i,p)后方案的订正效果得到不同程度的提高,其中24 h剧烈降温预报各成员预报均方根误差平均减小了0. 15℃;而进一步改进的w(i,p)统计法在当前几种剧烈降温预报中订正效果最优,其集合平均偏差与w(i,p)方案相比减小2. 54℃。     

感热加热对华北及其周边对流活动的影响

利用2006～2017年风云气象卫星资料和气象再分析资料,对华北及周边5～8月对流活动和地面感热加热进行统计分析。分析表明,华北及周边白天平均感热加热和地形关系密切,内蒙古中部和东南部、华北北部和华北西部山区感热加热较强,最强感热加热出现在5月和6月,7月和8月明显减弱。和感热加热强度相对应,对流活动频率较高的月份同样出现在5月和6月,其中5月以弱对流为主,6月华北中北部强对流最活跃,另外,环渤海区域6～7月强对流相对频繁。5～8月日平均感热加热和对流频率趋势呈现一致的减弱对应关系。上午,感热加热引起河北西部和北部对流层低层出现辐合气流,700 hPa以下出现不同程度的增温,上升气流可达对流层中层,东侧的平原地区出现补偿下沉运动,升温和上升运动触发对流,在有利条件下发展东移。不同月份和区域对流频率日变化呈现明显差异,6月对流频率日变化显著,8月最弱,山区对流频率日变化显著,东部渤海及周边对流频率日变化较小。对流频率的月平均分布和日变化均表现出和地形相关的感热加热差异的特征。     

两个相似路径台风残余造成局地特大暴雨的成因机制和能量收支对比分析

本文利用ERA-Interim 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料、自动站小时和分钟加密资料、风云2G（FY-2G）卫星红外云图及多普勒雷达和风廓线雷达资料对2015年路径高度相似的“苏迪罗”和“杜鹃”台风在浙江沿海引发的局地特大暴雨进行对比分析。这两次降水过程都是在台风减弱为热带低压甚至残压并深入内陆远离浙江沿海后发生的。结果表明,“苏迪罗”降水过程是由低层强东南和偏南急流长时间辐合加上有利地形共同作用导致的;经向环流背景下来自季风持续的水汽输送有利于“苏迪罗”维持较长的生命史和稳定的降水。“杜鹃”残压特大暴雨的触发系统则是高纬地面冷高压底部的东东北出流南下与“杜鹃”北象限的东东南风交汇形成的中尺度倒槽;纬向环流和强盛副热带高压造成的弱引导气流及夏季风南撤和低涡卷挟造成的水汽通道断裂是“杜鹃”登陆后快速减弱为残压和降水维持时间较短的原因。两次台风降水过程中均无外部动能输送和来自有效位能的动能转换。动能收支的主要影响因子为中低层局地次网格运动间的能量转换、旋转风和散度风效应及下垫面的摩擦耗散。所以,虽然“杜鹃”的对流有效位能很小,但仍可造成强对流和特大暴雨。此外,降水过程中释放的凝结潜热造成的局地非绝热加热使气柱中显热能大量累积,促使地面中小尺度涡旋和倒槽不断加深,造成降水的增幅。