1992～2005年云南地震灾害及其对农村民居的影响

统计了1992～2005年中国大陆与云南境内破坏性地震灾害、人员伤亡和经济损失情况。对云南与中国大陆同期地震灾害及其损失进行了对比,阐述了云南地震灾害和灾害损失的特点;统计了云南地震灾害城乡分布情况、农村民居破坏面积以及因农居的地震破坏而造成的人员伤亡和经济损失,分析了地震灾害对农村和农民的危害性,并讨论了农居破坏带来的社会问题。     

岷县-卓尼5.0级地震的基本特征和地质背景研究

归纳总结了岷县-卓尼5．0级地震的基本参数、烈度分布、建筑物震害、发震构造等基本特征,并分析了该地震烈度偏高和震害较重的基本原因。该次地震与2003年11月13日岷县Ms5．2地震基本特征相同,发震构造也相同,为临潭-宕昌断裂带。     

大兴安岭地区古利库金(银)矿床成因探讨

古利库金(银)矿床的形成与早白垩世中晚期火山喷发活动及其所形成的火山穹隆构造有关,矿体定位于火山活动波及范围内,平均成矿温度220℃,平均成矿压力135×105Pa,成矿深度约500～600m,属冰长石-绢云母型浅成低温热液矿床,与国内外同类型矿床具有可比性.     

青藏铁路填土路基热-力耦合离散元研究

多年冻土是含有冰的特殊土体,在自然环境变化及工程扰动下易发生冻胀融沉变形,严重威胁着青藏高原工程建筑物的安全稳定,特别对青藏铁路的畅通运营提出了严峻挑战.以青藏铁路五道梁地区路基断面为研究对象,采用颗粒离散单元法,通过建立热-力离散元计算模型,对路基的温度场和变形进行了计算和预测.结果表明:离散单元法克服了有限元方法无...     

宁镇扬地区不透水面增长变化监测及其增长模式分析

不透水面是衡量城市化进程的重要指标,本文以宁镇扬地区为例,引入不透水面变化轨迹、增长模式等方法,定量剖析不透水面时空演变过程.结果表明,研究时段内,在城市化进程的推动下不透水面持续扩张,研究区2015—2019年有301 km2的自然或半自然景观最终转化为不透水景观,年均增长率为0.44％;不透水面格局变化在2017年...     

Impacts of native vegetation on the hydraulic properties of the concentrated flows in bank gullies

To quantify the impacts of native vegetation on the spatial and temporal variations in hydraulic properties of bank gully concentrated flows, a series of in situ flume experiments in the bank gully were performed at the Yuanmou Gully Erosion and Collapse Experimental Station in the dry-hot valley region of the Jinsha River, Southwest China. This experiment involved upstream catchment areas withone-and two-year native grass(Heteropogon contortus) and bare land drained to bare gully headcuts, i.e., Gullies 1, 2 and 3. In Gully 4, Heteropogon contortus and Agave sisalana were planted in the upstream catchment area and gully bed, respectively. Among these experiments, the sediment concentration in runoff in Gully 3 was the highest and that in Gully 2 was the lowest, clearly indicating that the sediment concentration in runoff obviously decreased and the deposition of sediment obviously increased as the vegetation cover increased. The concentrated flows were turbulent in response to the flow discharge. The concentrated flows in the gully zones with native grass and bare land were sub-and supercritical, respectively. The flow rate and shear stress in Gully 3 upstream catchment area were highest among the four upstream catchment areas, while the flow rate and shear stress in the gully bed of Gully 4 were lowest among the four gully beds, indicating that native grass notably decreased the bank gully flow rate and shear stress. The Darcy–Weisbach friction factor(resistance f) and flow energy consumption in the gully bed of Gully 4 were notably higher than those in the other three gully beds, clearly indicating that native grass increased the bank gully surface resistance and flow energy consumption. The Reynolds number(Re), flow rate, shear stress, resistance f, and flow energy consumption in the gully beds and upstream areas increased over time, while the sediment concentration in runoff and Froude number(Fr) decreased. Overall, increasing vegetation cover in upstream catchment areas and downstream gully beds of the bank gully is essential for gully erosion mitigation.     

渤海湾盆地新生代沉降特征及其动力学机制探讨

综合分析了渤海湾盆地新生代以来断裂发育的分布规律,以及伸展量和沉积沉降随时间和空间的变化规律,并结合现今的深部结构特征,试图揭示盆地新生代沉降的地球动力学机制。发现在断陷阶段,断裂发育在时间和空间上控制了沉积沉降中心的迁移;坳陷阶段后期,在断裂作用非常弱的情况下,以渤中坳陷为中心,出现裂后加速沉降现象,并逐渐波及到相邻坳陷。断陷阶段的断裂发育和沉积沉降主要受板块运动形成应力场的控制,其沉降是岩石圈水平伸展和岩石圈垂向热减薄耦合作用的结果;而裂后加速沉降可能是岩石圈垂向密度突然变化及其后迅速热衰减造成的。     

激光雷达点云树木建模研究进展与展望

三维树木几何模型是数字城市与数字林业工程的重要组成部分.针对点云树木建模,深入分析了基于广义(泛在)激光雷达点云的树木模型重建方法,提出了聚类思想建模、图论方法建模、先验假设建模、拉普拉斯算子建模与轻量化表达建模5类建模体系,归纳总结了不同建模体系在树冠枝干的细节表达、建模算法性能、树木模型的多层次细节表达、建模体系综...     

Apollo 11和嫦娥四号着陆区撞击坑退化对比分析

Apollo 11和嫦娥四号(Chang'E-4)是人类探月历史上的里程碑,它们的着陆区分别位于月球正面和背面.对两个着陆区内不同退化程度撞击坑的统计和对比分析有助于揭示研究区域的地质年龄和演化历史,对月球地质研究有着重要的意义.本文使用LRO NAC影像和DTM产品对两个着陆区附近1 km2范围内撞击坑的退化进行分析...     

黄条(鰤)(Seriola aureovittata)MyHC基因克隆及其在早期发育阶段表达研究

为解析肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)基因在黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)生长发育过程中作用机制,本研究采用RACE技术,克隆了黄条鰤MyHC基因全长cDNA序列,采用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法对MyHC在黄条鰤不同组织、胚胎发育过程以及仔稚幼鱼发育过程中的表达特征进行了研究。结果表明:黄条鰤MyHC基因全长为6143bp,开放阅读框为5811bp,编码了1936个氨基酸,由3个保守结构域组成即MYSc-classⅡ、Myosin taill和SH3;系统进化树分析显示黄条鰤MyHC与高体鰤进化关系最近。qRT-PCR分析发现黄条鰤MyHC在各组织中均有表达,但在肌肉中表达量最高(P0.05);随着黄条鰤胚胎发育的进行,MyHC在16细胞期之前表达量较高,在胚体下包2/3时期表达量显著升高,且在孵化期达到峰值(P0.05:);在仔稚幼鱼发育阶段,MyHC在孵化后20d后表达量显著升高,30d表达水平达到峰值(P0.05),随后的35d到40d表达水平略有下降但仍保持较高表达趋势,黄条鰤MyHC表达具有发育阶段表达的特异性。MyHC表达特征揭示其参与了调控黄条鰤的早期生长发育。