坐标投影作图法在川藏线宿瓦卡岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用

边坡稳定性问题是川藏线工程建设面临的重要问题。野外调查发现基岩边坡失稳一般表现为块体塌落或滑动。基于岩体结构控制理论,作者以川藏线西藏境内宿瓦卡附近的人工高边坡为例,进行了块体边坡稳定性分析。对比现有理论方法的优缺点,采用坐标投影作图法及其计算机化程序CPH。坐标投影作图法是一种以正投影为基础,以分析岩体结构面的几何关系及由其切割出来的块体的稳定性为目的的图解方法。根据现场量测取得的数据,采用CPH程序确定了块体边坡的结构面方程,从而求出各结构面产状。在此基础上建立水平切面图,并求得各块体顶点坐标,计算出块体的表面积及体积。根据极限平衡理论,运用CPH程序进行块体稳定性分析,并求出块体的稳定性系数。通过分析可知,坐标投影作图法及其计算机化的CPH程序在块体边坡稳定性分析中有着很好的应用效果。     

2007年度地质学科项目受理与评审综述

2007年度地质学科共受理各类项目1 134.基中面上项目703项,青年科学基金207项,地区科学基金14项,重点项目72项,国家杰出青年基金64项,海外青年学者合作基金11项,创新研究群体2项,重大研究计划项目30项,重大国际合作项目1项,联合资助项目30项.     

河北省张家口金矿集区同位素及包裹体地质特征

张家口地区是我国重要的金矿集中区之一.自上世纪80年代以来,在崇礼县-赤城县毗邻地段的大型偏碱性二长岩杂岩体及其太古界中深变质岩系中,相继发现金矿田三个,探明金矿储量近100t.通过对该金矿集中区各类型矿床的大量同位素以及包裹体地质特征的研究,对该区金矿的成矿物质来源、矿床成因进行了探讨,这对于该区今后的金矿找矿工作具有实质性的指导意义.     

中间件技术在地震信息系统中的应用

中间件技术屏蔽了底层分布式环境的复杂性和异构性,简化了分布式应用程序的开发,使分布式应用程序的健壮性、可扩展性、可用性更好。介绍了面向对象中间件、面向消息中间件、面向大规模分布式系统中间件、服务质量中间件等当前各种中间件技术发展的现状,分析了中间件技术的原理、种类及在地震信息系统中的应用,提出了中间件技术研究的几个发展趋势,即网格技术、面向移动计算、面向服务质量等。     

现行有关规范用于黄土地区的局限性分析

探讨了现行有关规范用于黄土地区存在的某些不足,阐明了场地条件和场地类别等因素对抗震设防参数的影响问题,强调了重视地方标准的制定的必要性。同时也展望了今后尚需开展的研究工作。     

云南水汞群体非均匀度异常与成组强震活动关系

阐述了一种前兆群体异常信息提取新方法前兆群体非均匀度的数学原理,并以云南水汞群体异常信息为例进行了具体计算。结果表明该方法以群体异常分布特征的变化为异常标准(ID≥1),达到异常即自动识别报警。该方法能克服个人经验的局限,易为他人进行检验,可成为本地区成组强震预测对应概率较高的新指标。     

Ternary geochemical-tracing system in natural gas accumulation

The establishment of geochemical-tracing system of gas generation and accumulation is helpful to re-elucidating the gas migration and accumulation in time and space. To deduce the complex process of gas accumulation, a ternary geochemical-tracing system is set up, according to stable isotope inheritance of source rocks, kinetic fractionation of stable isotopes, time-accumulating effect of noble gas isotopes, mantle-derived volatile inheritance, and organic molecule inheritance of light hydrocarbons and thermally kinetic fractionation in their generation, in combination with the previous achievements of gas geochemistry and geochemical parameters of gas-source correlation. There are tight interactions for the geochemical parameters with much information about parent inheritance and special biomarkers, in which they are confirmed each other, reciprocally associated and preferentially used for the requirement so that we can use these geochemical parameters to effectively demonstrate the sources of natural gas, sedimentary environments and thermal evolution of source rocks, migration and accumulation of natural gas, and rearrangement of natural gas reservoirs. It is necessary for the ternary geochemical-tracing system to predict the formation of high efficient gas reservoir and their distribution in time and space.     

修正的莫尔-库仑理论的解析和验证

根据主应力可分解为静水应力和偏应力,以及它们在应力莫尔圆和变形方面的相关性,推导出修正的莫尔-库仑理论的数学表达式。从理论上解决了库仑理论和莫尔理论存在的许多缺陷,特别是中间主应力对材料抗剪强度的影响。它的四参数准则的计算结果与一些混凝土的试验数据相当吻合。     

川中、川南过渡带须家河组储集砂体成因类型及特征

川中、川南过渡带地区在晚三叠世须家河期湖盆演化的各阶段沉积了不同成因类型的碎屑岩储积砂体,以须家河组二段、四段和六段最为发育,其成因类型主要有三角洲平原分流河道砂体、三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体、河口坝砂体、滨湖砂滩和浅湖砂坝砂体。通过野外剖面、岩芯、测井曲线以及样品的薄片鉴定和扫描电镜分析,对各成因类型砂体的分布特征进行了研究,进而对各类砂体的结构构造、物性特征进行了对比研究。     

中国云南哀牢山含海蓝宝石伟晶岩的起源和成岩模拟实验研究

The Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites are associated with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the southern portion of the Ailaoshan fault-folded complex.The gem-bearing pegmatite mineralization zones of the region occur in areas generally consistent with the regional tectonic trend.The pegmatites are found in metamorphic rocks,migmatites and in the inner/outer contact zones of gneissoid granites. The Rb-Sr isochron drawn for the pegmatites is 26～31 Ma,(i.e.in Himalayan).The homogenization temperatures of melt and liquid inclusions in minerals vary from 185 to 920℃,which are comparable to the inclusions observed in banded migmatites and ptygmatic quartz veins in the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The mineralization fluids of the pegmatite were rich in HCO_3 and CO_2,and their compositional assemblages are comparable to metamorphic fluids.Results of H,O,C,Si etc.isotopic analyses and REE,and Be analyses indicates that the sources of mineralization components that formed the pegmatites are closely associated with metamorphic fluids and the enclosing metamorphic rocks. A pegmatite structure simulation experiment was conducted at high temperature and pressure(840℃and 1,500×105Pa.),with various metamorphic rock samples in a water-rich and volatile-rich environment.When the liquidus was reached,the temperature was gradually decreased at the rate of 5～10℃/day over a time period of three months.SEM energy-dispersive spectrum analyses were performed on the experimental products.A series of pegmatoid textures were observed including zonal texture,megacryst texture,drusy cavities,crystal druses,and vesicular texture along with more than ten types of minerals including plagioclase,microcline,quartz and biotite.Different metamorphic rock melts generated different mineral assemblages.Experiment results revealed that the partial melting of metamorphic rocks could form melts similar to pegmatite magmas. Based upon the geological characteristics,geochemistry,and pegmatite texture simulation experimental results,it is concluded that the mineralization components of Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites came from metamorphic rocks.The petrogenetic model for the origin of pegmatites is related to ultrametamorphism and metamorphic anatexis.