西藏拉萨地块的乐平统及其古地理意义

西藏拉萨地块乐平统以海相与陆相沉积并存为特征。海相乐平统含复体珊瑚Waagenophyllum、■类Reichelina和有孔虫Colaniella。陆相乐平统含两类植物群,一类发育于措勤盆地中北部地区,为舌羊齿植物群分子Glossopteris、Noeggerathiopsis、Phyllotheca和华夏植物群分子Pecopteris、Sphenopteris共生的混生植物群;另一类主要发现于改则县下岗江和昂仁县贡久布地区,以Lepidophylloides、Paracalamites、Pecopteris等华夏植物群分子为主。根据沉积层序分析,拉萨地块乐平世时表现为整体上升。藏南喜马拉雅特提斯带的乐平统以产有冈瓦纳型Glossopteris植物群、冷水型单体珊瑚Cyathaxonia和腕足动物群为特征,并且从曲布组到曲布日嘎组表现为海进的沉积序列。拉萨地块和喜马拉雅特提斯带乐平世在植物群、动物群以及沉积层序方面存在着本质的差别,因此,拉萨地块在晚二叠世已基本脱离位于冈瓦纳大陆北缘的喜马拉雅特提斯带。     

四川盆地复合盆山体系的结构构造和演化

盆山体系研究是当前大陆动力学探索的热门。四川盆地周缘为造山带所围绕,盆地与造山带存在着耦合关系。系统地分析四川盆地和周缘造山带组成的盆山体系的结构和演化特征对深入认识四川盆地的构造和油气分布规律具有重要的意义。通过构造剖面的解释、沉积充填特征和陆源碎屑物源的分析以及同位素年代学的分析,研究了四川盆地盆山体系的结构、构造变形特征和演化历史。四川盆地与周缘造山带均以冲断褶皱带相耦合,构造变形在平面上和纵向上具有明显的分带性和层次性的特点。提出了"复合盆山体系和亚盆山体系"的概念,并认为四川盆地及周缘造山带组成了一个复合盆山体系,并由多个次一级的亚盆山体系所组成,各亚盆山体系是互相影响、互相叠加、互相干扰联合的。这在一定程度上丰富了盆山体系的认识。     

河流静水滩区潜流带水交换空间分布模式研究（英文）

Hyporheic zone(HZ) influences hydraulic and biogeochemical processes in and alongside streams, therefore, investigating the controlling geographic factors is beneficial for understanding the hydrological processes in HZ. Slack water pool (SWP) is an essential micro-topographic structure that has an impact on surface water and groundwater interactions in the HZ during and after high flows. However, only a few studies investigate HZ surface water and groundwater exchange in the SWP. This study used the thermal method to estimate the HZ water exchange in the SWP in a segment of the Weihe River in China during the winter season. The findings show that on the flow-direction parallel to the stream, river recharge dominates the HZ water exchange, while on the opposing flow-direction bank groundwater discharge dominates the water exchange. The water exchange in the opposing flow-direction bank is about 1.6 times of that in the flow-direction bank. The HZ water exchange is not only controlled by flow velocity but also the location and shape of the SWP. Great water exchange amount corresponds to the shape with more deformation. The maximum water exchange within the SWP is close to the river bank where the edge is relatively high. This study provides some guidelines for water resources management during flooding events.     

西昆仑-喀喇昆仑造山带锂矿成矿特征与成矿规律初探

西昆仑- 喀喇昆仑造山带中生代花岗伟晶岩相当发育,主要分布于麻扎- 康西瓦缝合带以南的喀喇昆仑造山带,构成了西自木吉—塔什库尔干,东到大红柳滩长达600 km的喀喇昆仑稀有金属成矿带。通过多年的研究,本文对西昆仑- 喀喇昆仑造山带37处稀有金属矿床(点)进行了全面系统的梳理,认为喀喇昆仑- 喀喇昆仑造山带表现为“西铍东锂”的格局,稀有金属成矿年龄集中213~206 Ma。将喀喇昆仑造山带稀有金属成矿带划分为木吉- 塔什库尔干稀有金属成矿亚带、赛图拉- 大红柳滩稀有金属成矿亚带,从西向东可划定4个矿化集中区：木吉- 布伦口稀有金属集中区、塔什库尔干- 塔吐鲁沟稀有金属矿化集中区、康西瓦稀有金属矿化集中区、大红柳滩- 白龙山稀有金属矿化集中区。同时,认为西昆仑- 喀喇昆仑造山带西段下一阶段的找矿可放在西合休南锂铍找矿远景区、阿然保泰铍找矿远景区、木吉西锂铍找矿远景区。     

贵州矿山地质环境恢复治理效果评估方法改进研究——以贵州省毕节市某煤矿为例

在收集矿山地质环境恢复治理相关规范和技术要求的基础上,结合矿山开采造成的地质环境问题的现状、分布,从众多常用的矿山地质环境恢复治理评价指标中,选取普适性较强的地质灾害治理效果、水环境恢复效果、景观植被恢复效果、管护措施这4个评价指标作为评价因子,从而验证上述普适性较强的评价因子可以较好的反映治理恢复效果。根据评价因子的重要性,分别赋予不同的权重,采用加权综合法进行计算,对恢复治理效果评估方法进行改进量化,综合判定地质环境恢复治理效果。本文以贵州省毕节市某煤矿为例,采用的矿山地质环境恢复治理评估方法通过验证,可以为同类型矿山开展地质环境恢复治理效果评估提供借鉴。     

流沙湾的底栖大型海藻调查

2008年3月～2009年1月调查了流沙湾潮间带及湾内(109°55'～109°59'E,20?22'～20°28'N)底栖大型海藻资源,定性、定量分析该海湾底栖大型海藻种类、生态分布、区系性质、群落结构及生物量的季节变化规律。共采集底栖大型海藻3门10目17科19属32种,其中红藻门4目9科9属15种,绿藻门4目6科7属14种,褐藻门2目2科3属3种,以亚热带藻种占绝对优势,达59.4%,温带成分21.9%,热带成分18.7%。采样海藻具印度-西太平洋海洋植物区系中国-日本亚热带海洋植物亚区特点。调查区域内底栖大型海藻群落组成的季节变化明显。     

南极放线菌NJ-F2萃取物的抗菌活性初步研究

从南极第24次科学考察采集的海泥样品中分离获得放线菌NJ-F2,对NJ-F2发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取物进行体外抗菌实验,并采用16S rDNA方法对NJ-F2进行系统发育分析.结果表明萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为0.25 mg/mL,5.0 mg/mL;而对大肠杆菌和产气杆菌的MIC、MBC分别为0.5 mg/mL,5.0 mg/mL,但对真菌没有抗菌作用;16SrDNA分析结果表明NJ-F2为链霉菌属(Streptomyces sp.).     

基于POM的物质输运方程数值格式研究

在三维海洋模式POM基础上建立水质模型,采用中心差分格式、迎风格式以及Smolarkiewicz迎风格式离散物质输运方程.以三维理想水槽中连续源排放的浓度场预测为例,分析3种离散格式求解所得的浓度场.结果表明,3种格式的数值解与解析解的偏差均小于20%.中心差分格式会引起解的震荡,导致物质的反向输移,出现浓度负值.迎风格式能够保证浓度的正值,但该格式带来的数值耗散导致数值解与解析解偏离较大.Smolarkiewicz迎风格式在普通迎风格式基础上引入抗扩散流速,经多次叠代,能有效降低计算中的数值耗散,提高了计算精度.     

Wind impact on pollutant transport in a shallow estuary

A three-dimensional numerical model, EFDC （ environmental fluid dynamics code） is applied to the Pamlico River Estuary （PRE） in eastern North Carolina of the United States to examine the wind impact on pollutant age distributions and residence time. A series of model experiments representing base case, remote-wind-induced water level set-up and local winds cases are conducted. Model results indicate that the pollutant mean age and the system residence time are functions of gravitational circulation in the PRE. The system responses to remote-wind-induced water level set-up are different in different portions of the PRE. Under such condition, dissolved substances in the upstream portion of the PRE have a younger age and shorter residence time （compared with the base case） , by contrast, they have a older age and longer residence time in the downstream portion of the PRE. Upriver and downriver local winds appear to have opposite impacts on pollutant age distributions. The substances are retained much longer within the PRE under upriver wind than those under downriver wind. The model results also suggest that across - river winds may lead to longer residence time through enhanced turbulence mixing, which slows down the gravitational circulation in the PRE.     

用于水下运载器的高精度多普勒计程仪开发

文中主要介绍了高精度多普勒计程仪的原理及组成,在863计划的资助下成功开发了该多普勒计程仪的样机,并取得了很好的实验效果,正在走向产业化。