一种地震P波和S波初至时间自动拾取的新方法

地震P波、S波初至时间的拾取是地震波分析的一项基础性工作.本文提出了一种新的地震波初至时间自动拾取的方法:首先,把地震波的三分量时程曲线变换为一组空间向的能量变化率时程曲线;然后对能量变化率时程曲线进行STA/LTA(Short Time Average/Long Time Average,短时间的均值/长时间的均值)处理,拾取地震P波和S波的大致初至时间;最后提出采用一种二次方自回归模型对初至附近的能量变化率曲线进行二次方自回归处理,精确拾取出P波和S波的初至时间.本文采用了10组芦山地震的记录数据和150组汶川地震的记录数据对此方法的可靠性进行了检验.以人工拾取结果为参考,此方法具有很高的准确率和稳定性,同时,相比于常用的STA/LTA方法和AIC(Akaike Information Criterion,Akaike信息准则)方法,此方法在计算时间效率方面稍微逊色,但是对S波初至时间的拾取精度和可靠性更高.此方法丰富了地震P波、S波初至时间的自动拾取方法.     

SSR改正数更新频率及中断时间间隔对实时PPP的影响分析

实验模拟服务器端不同更新频率的SSR改正数对实时精密单点定位的影响,以及客户端改正数中断时长对实时精密单点定位的影响。结果表明,服务器端SSR改正数的播发频率控制在30 s以内可获得cm级定位精度;客户端的SSR改正数中断在150 s之内可获得cm级定位精度,改正数中断200 s可获得20 cm的定位精度,改正数中断300 s可获得亚m级定位精度。     

南黄海西部某风电场区浅层气特征与分析

通过对南黄海西部某风电场区调查资料的分析,发现大量浅层气,主要表现为连续地层反射波发生间断,反射杂乱,部分地层反射波被屏蔽且延伸到深部地层中,局部地层反射波因声速异常导致下拉,反射高频衰减迅速,分辨率降低等。该区域内未发现断层,浅层气封存较好,推测为生物成因沼气,弥散浅层气埋深最浅约5 m,高压气囊顶部埋深最浅约272 m,地质浅孔钻遇高压气风险小。根据浅层气的特征,对其成因、压力和灾害进行了分析和探讨。     

佛山行政区划调整与整合发展研究

分析佛山行政区划调整的特点和利弊,提出佛山整合发展面临的主要问题：“诸侯”观念没有得到完全消除;地方政府行为有待规范;缺乏一个强大的中心城区带动市域整合发展;产业布局分散;基础设施衔接不畅等,最后提出了整合发展的5点对策。     

县级土地利用数据库建设方法探讨

在研究目前县级土地利用数据库建设方法的基础上,提出基于数据库格式存储、加强数据库的联动性和加强软件的检查机制三点改进县级土地利用数据库建设方法的建议,以加快数据库建设速度、提高数据库质量和增强数据的实用性。     

铀试剂螯合形成树脂分离富集极谱连测样品的贵金属元素

采用2-邻胂酸偶氮苯-1, 8-二羟基-3, 6-二磺酸钠(铀试剂) 作为螯合剂制备螯合形成树脂, 并研究了该树脂的性能及对分离富集和测定结果的影响因素。实验发现, 用pH = 1.0的盐酸溶液做淋洗剂、柱高为8 cm、流速为1.00 mL /min、pH = 1.0的3%的硫脲-盐酸40 mL洗脱时, 贵金属离子能和常见的金属离子分离, 定量富集于树脂上。用极谱法测定贵金属元素的标准回收实验表明, 其回收率为94% ～106%。     

基于BP神经网络的智能入侵检测系统

介绍了BP神经网络的基本知识，设计了基于BP神经网络的智能入侵检测系统。并提出了根据不同的网络协议使用不同神经网络的思想，指出了每个神经网络需要的网络数据，并阐述了训练和测试神经网络的方法。     

Comprehensive Combustion Performances of Water Hyacinth and Pistia stratiotes Pellet Fuels

For efficient combustion of aquatic biomass, the effects of heating rate on the combustion and dynamic characteristics of two typical aquatic species (water hyacinth, Pistia stratiotes), and the effects of temperature and additives on ash K and Cl concentrations are studied. The two types of pellets have ignition temperatures of 252.7 and 250.3 °C, respectively. At a heating rate of 10 °C min⁻¹, where combustion is most stable, the comprehensive combustion efficiencies reach their maximum at 4.7 × 10⁻⁶ and 2.2 × 10⁻⁶ mg²min⁻¹°C⁻², respectively. The K and Cl concentrations in the ash decrease steadily with increasing temperature, falling to 10.3% and 0.41% for water hyacinth and 11.1% and 1.85% for P. stratiotes, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD)shows that abundant Ca minerals form in the ash after the addition of CaO, which inhibit KCl formation, and K and Al silicates form in the ash after the addition of kaoline, which reserve K in the ash. These findings provide a starting point for the development of efficient aquatic biomass combustion.     

水体叶绿素含量的遥感定量模型

利用１９９２年７月２５日陆地卫星ＴＭ数据与该日同步湖面多点观测资料,对太湖北部水体叶绿素含量与不同波段遥感值的关系进行了定量分析,发现ＴＭ３与Ｃｈｌ－ａ含量有负幂次关系,ＴＭ４,ＴＭ７则分别与Ｃｈｌ－ａ含量有较好的正、负线性相关性。     

Calcite Dissolution in Deionized Water from 50℃ to 250℃ at 10 MPa： Rate Equation and Reaction Order

Carbonate minerals and water (or geofluids) reactions are important for modeling of geochemical processes and have received considerable attention over the past decades.The calcite dissolution rates from 50℃to 250℃at 10 MPa in deionized water with a flow rate varying from 0.2 to 5 mL/min were experimentally measured in a continuous flow column pressure vessel reactor.The dissolution began near the equilibrium with c/c_(eq)>0.3 and finally reached the equilibrium at 100℃-250℃,so the corresponding solubility was also determined as 1.87,2.02,2.02 and 1.88×10~(-4)·mol/L at 100℃,150℃,200℃and 250℃respectively,which was first increasing and then switching to decreasing with temperature and the maximum value might occur between 150℃and 200℃.The experimental dissolution rate not only increased with temperature,but also had a rapid increase between 150℃and 200℃at a constant flow rate of 4 mL/min.The measured dissolution rates can be described using rate equations of R=k(1-c/c_(eq))n or R=kc~(-n).In these equations the reaction order n changed with temperature,which indicates that n was a variable rather than a constant,and the activation energy was 13.4 kJ/mol calculated with R=k(1-c/c_(eq))~n or 18.0 k J/mol with R=kc~(-n),which is a little lower than the surface controlled values.The varied reaction order and lower activation energy indicates that calcite dissolution in this study is a complex interplay of diffusion controlled and surface controlled processes.