长江三角洲地区农业可持续发展的问题与对策

随着农地制度的改革、农业投入以及技术创新活动的加强,长江三角洲地区的农业现代化建设取得了较快发展,但从长远来看,影响和制约农业发展的问题非常严骏。文章主要从土地资源合理利用角度分析对农业可持续发展的影响。基于日趋严峻的人地矛盾和快速发展的市场经济条件,阐述了农业可持续发展对策;加强宏观调控和对资源开发利用保护的监督,坚持优质高效,从市场需求出发开发利用资源,建立高效地利用土地资源机制,面向国内国际     

渤南洼陷沙四下亚段沉积时期古气候演化

正全球于古近纪发育PETM、ETM2、EECO、和MECO多个短期热气候事件(雷华蕊等,2018)。受热气候事件影响,渤南洼陷沙四下亚段沉积时期红层沉积发育并记录着热气候事件控制下古气候演化过程。立足于渤南洼陷沙四下亚段红层,恢复古气候演化过程,一方面可以点带面,揭示全球古近纪气候演化;另一方面为研究极端气候条件对湖盆沉积体系的控制作用奠定基础。     

中国古代牧业社会骨制品的初步考察:以新疆巴里坤石人子沟遗址为例

考古遗址出土骨制品的研究对于揭示古代社会的动物资源获取和利用、手工业生产、社会组织结构等问题具有重要意义。国内骨制品研究目前多集中在农业区域,这些研究为探讨新石器时代至青铜时代的动物使用及其与社会发展、早期国家形成的关系等问题作出了重要贡献。然而,针对牧业社会骨制品的考察十分缺乏。新疆哈密地区巴里坤草原分布有大量古代牧业文化遗址,石人子沟遗址（43°31'12.8"~43°34'28.9"N,93°13'44.8"~93°16'49.1"E）是其中一处青铜时代晚期至铁器时代早期的大型聚落。本文从动物考古学视角研究该遗址2006年至2011年发掘出土的426件骨制品。结果显示,石人子沟遗址骨制品的原料主要为以羊（Ovis aries/Capra hircus）、马（Equus caballus）为主的家养动物和以鹿（Cervidae）为主的野生动物,其中羊的比例最高（69.7%）,鹿（13.8%）、马（2.3%）次之,这与中原地区青铜时代农业文化遗址的骨制品多以牛为原料的情况明显不同。羊在骨制品原料中占绝对多数且大量使用羊距骨制品的现象是对石人子沟遗址以牧业为主的生业经济方式的直接反映。石人子沟遗址不同类型骨制品的制作各具特点,但整体表现出"省时省力"的特点,即对使用部位细致打磨,对非使用部位仅做简单处理。与中原地区商周时期大型制骨作坊规范化、规模化、产业化的骨器生产不同,石人子沟遗址未见专门的制骨场所,骨制品生产的操作链条也并不完整。遗址的骨制品生产可能是以家庭为单元进行的,产品的专业化、精细化程度也相对较低。该研究填补了我国古代牧业文化遗址出土骨制品动物考古学专门研究的空白,为进一步探究我国古代不同区域、不同生业经济基础下的制骨手工业面貌提供了重要资料。

     

西藏多不杂斑岩铜矿床高温高盐度流体包裹体及其成因意义

多不杂铜矿为班公湖—怒江缝合带上发现的第一处大型斑岩铜矿床,矿床位于羌塘—三江复合板片南缘的多不杂构造岩浆带中。多不杂斑岩铜矿总体上具有典型的斑岩铜矿矿石特征和蚀变分带特点,围绕斑岩体从岩体中心向外,可以划分出三个主要的蚀变带,依次为钾硅化 绢英岩化带、绢英岩化带和黄铁矿化—角岩化带。矿床以岩体内部和外部均发育强烈的磁铁矿化蚀变、而外围青磐岩化带不发育等特征有别于国内其他斑岩铜矿。对斑岩铜矿的流体包裹体特征和均一测温结果表明斑岩铜矿石英含有丰富的流体包裹体,包裹体类型众多,而以大量发育含子矿物多相包裹体为突出特征。子矿物种类有石盐、钾盐、赤铁矿、红钾铁盐、石膏、黄铜矿等,有时一个包裹体含有多达5~6个子矿物,在我国其他斑岩铜矿中是不多见的。金属子矿物大量发育表明流体成矿金属元素含量很高。成矿流体由来自岩浆的高温、高盐度流体和以天水成因为主的中低温、低盐度流体两个流体端员组份组成。高温、高盐度流体为主要成矿流体,以含子矿物多相流体包裹体为代表,其形成温度>450℃,盐度在28%~83%NaClequ.,平均达到58%~60%NaClequ.,流体组分主要属于H2O-NaCl-KCl-FeCl2体系。高温高盐度流体是在浅成条件下于岩浆结晶的最后阶段从浅部岩浆中直接出溶形成的。中低温、低盐度流体主要来源于天水或天水与晚期岩浆热液的混合,温度在360℃以下,盐度3.71%~14.15%NaClequ.。含矿硫化物主要在300~420℃温度区间沉淀,沉淀富集主要与温度降低有关,多不杂斑岩铜矿为与浅成斑岩体侵入有关的高温岩浆热液型斑岩铜矿。与世界上其他斑岩铜矿相比,多不杂斑岩铜矿具有与Bingham和Grasberg等世界级超大型斑岩铜矿相似的流体包裹体和蚀变分带特征,暗示该矿床具备形成超大型斑岩铜矿的潜力。     

基于分类规则挖掘的遥感影像分类研究

分析了目前遥感影像的统计分类、神经网络分类及基于符号知识的逻辑推理分类方法的优缺点.以GIS为平台,构建了多源空间数据库,将数据挖掘的思想和方法引入遥感影像分类中,提出了面向分类规则挖掘的遥感影像分类框架.针对遥感光谱数据及其他空间数据的特点,定义了连续属性样本分类概念和分割点评价指标,提出了一种新的连续属性样本分类规则挖掘算法.选择一个试验区,采用该算法分别对遥感光谱数据、遥感光谱和DEM数据相结合的数据进行分类规则挖掘、遥感影像分类和分类精度比较.结果表明：（1）该算法具有较高的分类精度;（2）加入DEM等与分类相关的其他空间数据可以提高遥感影像的分类精度.通过挖掘分类规则进行遥感影像分类,扩展了基于知识的逻辑推理分类方法中知识获取渠道,提高了分类规则获取的智能化程度.新的连续属性样本分类规则挖掘算法,扩展了归纳学习算法对连续属性样本分类的适应性.     

Distribution characteristics of delta reservoirs reshaped by bottom currents: A case study from the second member of the Yinggehai Formation in the DF1-1 gas field,Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

The Dongfang1-1 gas field (DF1-1) in the Yinggehai Basin is currently the largest offshore self-developed gas field in China and is rich in oil and gas resources. The second member of the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation (YGHF) is the main gas-producing formation and is composed of various sedimentary types; however, a clear understanding of the sedimentary types and development patterns is lacking. Here, typical lithofacies, logging facies and seismic facies types and characteristics of the YGHF are identified based on high-precision 3D seismic data combined with drilling, logging, analysis and testing data. Based on 3D seismic interpretation and attribute analysis, the origin of high-amplitude reflections is clarified, and the main types and evolution characteristics of sedimentary facies are identified. Taking gas formation upper II (IIU) as an example, the plane distribution of the delta front and bottom current channel is determined; finally, a comprehensive sedimentary model of the YGHF second member is established. This second member is a shallowly buried “bright spot” gas reservoir with weak compaction. The velocity of sandstone is slightly lower than that of mudstone, and the reflection has medium amplitude when there is no gas. The velocity of sandstone decreases considerably after gas accumulation, resulting in an increase in the wave impedance difference and high-amplitude (bright spot) reflection between sandstone and mudstone; the range of high amplitudes is consistent with that of gas-bearing traps. The distribution of gas reservoirs is obviously controlled by dome-shaped diapir structural traps, and diapir faults are channels through which natural gas from underlying Miocene source rocks can enter traps. The study area is a delta front deposit developed on a shallow sea shelf. The lithologies of the reservoir are mainly composed of very fine sand and coarse silt, and a variety of sedimentary structural types reflect a shallow sea delta environment; upward thickening funnel type, strong toothed bell type and toothed funnel type logging facies are developed. In total, 4 stages of delta front sand bodies (corresponding to progradational reflection seismic facies) derived from the Red River and Blue River in Vietnam have developed in the second member of the YGHF; these sand bodies are dated to 1.5 Ma and correspond to four gas formations. During sedimentation, many bottom current channels (corresponding to channel fill seismic facies) formed, which interacted with the superposed progradational reflections. When the provenance supply was strong in the northwest, the area was dominated by a large set of delta front deposits. In the period of relative sea level rise, surface bottom currents parallel to the coastline were dominant, and undercutting erosion was obvious, forming multistage superimposed erosion troughs. Three large bottom current channels that developed in the late sedimentary period of gas formation IIU are the most typical.     

柴达木盆地南缘祁漫塔格—鄂拉山地区斑岩-矽卡岩矿床地质

柴达木盆地南缘祁漫塔格-鄂拉山地区发育斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,成矿主元素为Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn,大部分矿床伴生Au、Ag。斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿（化）体共生于同一个矿区之中,是这类矿床的一个重要特点。与成矿有关的侵入体是印支期的中酸性小岩体,它们具有浅成_超浅成和高侵位等特点。斑岩-矽卡岩矿床的成岩年龄和成矿年龄一致,形成于中三叠世至晚三叠世。它们是东昆仑造山带晚碰撞造山阶段壳-幔作用（幔源岩浆底侵-岩浆混合）的产物,与东昆仑地区这一时期的矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床、热液脉状多金属矿床,以及造山型金矿床共同构成了一个矿床成矿系列。     

春秋两季鄱阳湖浮游动物的编目、数量分布与变动

分析鉴定了1999年春、秋两季,在鄱阳湖区8个断面24个采样站采得的水样．共观察到各类浮游动物共150种．其中轮虫动物物种最为丰富,为96种,占总种数的64．0％,且单位体积的数量亦呈明显优势,说明轮虫动物是该湖区浮游动物的优势类群;其次为原生动物．24个采样站中,原生动物、轮虫动物、枝角类、桡足类这四类浮游动物个体数量分布的差异极大,其中第10、12、13和23号站中的个体数量较高,超过100ind／L最大数量出现在13号站,个体数量高达1101．60ind／L鄱阳湖浮游动物的数量有明显的季节变动,尤属轮虫的变动最大．本次调查中轮虫和枝角类的数量春季大于秋季,而原生动物和桡足类则秋季大于春季．     

内蒙古阿勒特高勒金多金属矿地质特征及找矿前景

内蒙古乌拉特后旗阿勒特高勒金多金属矿位于内蒙古中部狼山—白云鄂博铜、铅、金、锌、铁、铂、镍多金属成矿带西段,该矿是在完成1∶5万区域矿产远景调查中通过化探异常查证发现的,金矿赋存于中元古界渣尔泰山群阿古鲁沟组,主要为一套浅变质碎屑岩建造,受NEE断裂构造控制,该金矿主要矿体赋存于地表长约1 km,宽约3~50m的褐铁矿化蚀变带中,蚀变带内石英脉发育。勘查区内圈定金矿体4条,深部钻探验证表明,矿体延深稳定。本文分析了阿勒特高勒金等多金属矿的矿床特征、控矿因素,总结了找矿标志,指出该区成矿潜力较大。     

Airborne geometry correction method for marine multispectrum data without attitude information

Marine airborne multispectrum scanner (MAMS) onboard the China marine surveillance plane can be used to survey marine environment, resources and disaster and provide the technical support for high-frequency, high-efficiency and high-resolution remote sensing monitoring for the coastal management. MAMS did not have the IMU/POS equipment, so it brought severe challenge for the geometry correction. One airborne geometry correction method is introduced for marine multispectrum data without the attitude information. First, it is the coarse geometry correction, which simulates the roll angle and pitch angle of plane according to the ideal flying model; the second step is the precise geometry correction by using the SPOT orthogonal projected data as the reference of registration, based on maximization of alignment metric method. With the validation, relative error of coarse correction is 81.42 m compared with SPOT data, and 11.3 m for precise correction. This method provides the high precision localization information for the oceanic remote sensing and application, and establishes the foundation for monitoring the marine resource and environment.