下扬子地区二叠系“三气一油”钻探发现

正1研究目的(Objective)页岩油气已经成为当今油气资源领域发展最快的油气类型,近几年中国在中上扬子取得了页岩油气的重大发现,但是,同属扬子地块的下扬子地区有着类似的地质条件却一直没有取得页岩油气的重大发现。本文的目的旨在阐述下扬子地区二叠系大隆组、龙潭组和孤峰组页岩的发育特征和含     

雨滴溅蚀下压实黄土变形破坏规律研究

针对工程建设中存在的裸露黄土路堤边坡水土流失现象,为进一步研究降雨条件下雨滴击溅对路堤边坡的破坏作用,本文通过室内模拟单雨滴溅蚀试验,观测试件表面溅蚀坑深度随时间的变化情况,分析不同地表压实度和雨滴击溅速率两种因素作用下压实黄土的溅蚀破坏规律。在此基础上,研究了压实度、含水率对黄土耐溅蚀性的影响,分析了降雨强度与土体溅蚀破坏的关系。结果表明:当溅蚀坑内存在薄层积水时,短历时降雨易使土体发生表层破坏;反之,容易产生二次溅蚀,二次溅蚀易造成黄土路堤边坡的深层破坏。     

湘东南太和仙铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究

太和仙铅锌矿床位于东南地洼区之南岭成矿带中段,为了了解其流体性质及演化,探讨成矿机制,通过现场调查,对矿区不同成矿阶段的矿石进行了流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析。该矿区成矿作用分为3个阶段,依次为石英-黄铁矿毒砂阶段(早阶段)、石英-铅锌多金属硫化物阶段(中阶段)、石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段(晚阶段)。包裹体研究表明:矿床中主要发育富液相水溶液包裹体(Ia型)、富气相水溶液包裹体(Ib型)、CO_2包裹体(Ⅱ型)、含CO_2的三相水溶液包裹体(Ⅲ型)4类。早阶段中均一温度为235~349℃,盐度为2.03%~7.44%(NaCleq,质量分数,下同);中阶段包裹体均一温度为159~272℃,盐度为1.39%~10.86%;晚阶段包裹体均一温度为128~205℃,盐度为1.39%~7.58%。激光拉曼探针测试表明,3个阶段中包裹体的组分主要为H2O,其次有少量CO_2和还原性气体CH4、N2。早阶段成矿流体在演化过程中发生了不混溶作用,表现为CO_2等气相成分的逸失是导致金属元素沉淀富集的主要因素。中阶段成矿流体在演化过程中发生不同流体间的混合作用,表现在以大气降水及层间水的混入是导致大量金属元素沉淀成矿的主要因素。晚阶段流体以大气降水为主,推测可能流体自然冷却致使成矿元素沉淀富集。     

全景技术在“数字盐城”建设中的研究与应用

本文介绍了全景技术的分类,以及各类型的技术路线和作业流程,并介绍了该技术方法在"数字盐城"建设项目中的三种不同的应用情况。     

测绘仪器信息管理系统的设计与实现

为降低实验室管理成本和提高工作效率,根据测绘仪器实验室的需求,运用MIS技术,开发实验室仪器管理系统.系统采用Delphi开发工具,后台利用Access存储相关数据,结合ADO组件技术,链接数据库使用ODBC接口.测绘仪器信息管理系统主要实现仪器信息录入、借出、归还、维修、报废、查询、统计分析、报表输出、数据备份和系统管理等功能,基本能满足仪器实验室工作流程要求,有助于改善测绘仪器实验室管理现状.     

基于机载LIDAR的地勘专题图测绘技术研究

根据地质勘查和矿山设计的用图需要,针对传统测图技术的滞后现状,结合矿山地理位置要素的实际情况和现代机载LIDAR技术的应用特点,经过实践创新研究,总结出符合地质勘查工作实际地图测绘的新方法、新工艺.     

Intra-annual variability of satellite observed surface albedo associated with typical land cover types in China

Surface albedo is a primary causative variable associated with the process of surface energy exchange. Numerous studies have examined diurnal variation of surface albedo at a regional scale; however, few studies have analyzed the intra-annual variations of surface albedo in concurrence with different land cover types. In this study, we amalgamated surface albedo product data (MCD43) from 2001 to 2008, land-use data (in 2000 and 2008) and land cover data (in 2000); quantitative analyses of surface albedo variation pertaining to diverse land cover types and the effect of the presence/absence of ground snow were undertaken. Results indicate that intra-annual surface albedo values exhibit flat Gaussian or triangular distributions depending upon land cover types. During snow-free periods, satellite observed surface albedo associated with the non-growing season was lower than that associated with the growing season. Satellite observed surface albedo during the presence of ground snow period was 2-4 times higher than that observed during snow-free periods. Surface albedo reference values in typical land cover types have been calculated; notably, grassland, cropland and built-up land were associated with higher surface albedo reference values than barren while ground snow was present. Irrespective of land cover types, the lowest surface albedo reference values were associated with forested areas. Proposed reference values may prove extremely useful in diverse research areas, including ecological modeling, land surface process modeling and radiation energy balance applications.     

山区土地流转对缓解耕地撂荒的作用

耕地撂荒是目前山区发展较快的一种土地利用变化,耕地流转能否缓解这一过程,促进土地资源有效配置,以避免耕地资源浪费,是一个值得探讨的课题。借助前期研究成果,使用多视角两因素散点分析和单因素相关分析方法,旨在查明山区耕地流转对缓解耕地撂荒的作用,结果表明:1在村级尺度上,样区耕地流转与耕地撂荒间呈现显著负相关关系,流转率高的村庄,撂荒率低,尤其在优等耕作条件的耕地中表现更为突出,说明耕地流转可以减少优等耕作条件的耕地撂荒;2在地块尺度上,优等耕作条件的耕地撂荒率显著低于劣等耕作条件,样区耕地的撂荒主要由Ⅳ等耕作条件的耕地所贡献;3在村级尺度上,样区耕作条件对耕地撂荒率的作用较弱,村样本间耕作条件对撂荒率差异的解释能力不强,优等耕作条件的耕地撂荒仍然存在,说明以耕地流转率代表的土地租赁市场尚不发育;4但是,样区耕地流转率高的村庄,优等耕作条件的耕地撂荒率低,说明耕地撂荒仍然受到土地租赁市场的完善程度所左右,且土地租赁市场在优化耕地资源利用方面的作用已有一定程度的显现;5进一步完善土地租赁的市场化程度,有助于减少或降低耕地撂荒现象的发生,可以避免优等耕作条件的耕地浪费。     

中国典型土地覆盖类型地表反照率的年内变化特征(英文)

Surface albedo is a primary causative variable associated with the process of surface energy exchange. Numerous studies have examined diurnal variation of surface albedo at a regional scale; however, few studies have analyzed the intra-annual variations of surface albedo in concurrence with different land cover types. In this study, we amalgamated surface albedo product data(MCD43) from 2001 to 2008, land-use data(in 2000 and 2008) and land cover data(in 2000); quantitative analyses of surface albedo variation pertaining to diverse land cover types and the effect of the presence/absence of ground snow were undertaken. Results indicate that intra-annual surface albedo values exhibit flat Gaussian or triangular distributions depending upon land cover types. During snow-free periods, satellite observed surface albedo associated with the non-growing season was lower than that associated with the growing season. Satellite observed surface albedo during the presence of ground snow period was 2–4 times higher than that observed during snow-free periods. Surface albedo reference values in typical land cover types have been calculated; notably, grassland, cropland and built-up land were associated with higher surface albedo reference values than barren while ground snow was present. Irrespective of land cover types, the lowest surface albedo reference values were associated with forested areas. Proposed reference values may prove extremely useful in diverse research areas, including ecological modeling, land surface process modeling and radiation energy balance applications.