非饱和黏性土抗剪强度的温度效应试验研究

为了系统地了解温度对黏性土工程性质的影响,本文采用南京地区三种不同矿物成分的黏性土,制成不同含水量和干密度的试样,在5～45℃条件下,开展了抗剪强度试验,获得了三种土的非饱和重塑试样的抗剪强度与温度的关系.试验结果表明:黏性土的黏聚力随温度升高呈线性变化;亲水矿物含量较高的黏性土抗剪强度对温度变化较敏感,黏聚力随着温度...     

激电在汝阳县绿竹坪铅锌矿区勘查中的应用

绿竹坪铅锌矿床是近年来在豫西地区熊耳群火山岩中探明的一个铅锌矿床,在勘查工作中,通过激电扫面和激电测深,缩小了找矿靶区,发现了深部有铅锌矿体赋存,预测了矿体的形态、产状,使找矿工作取得突破。对激电方法在铅锌矿床勘查中应用的研究,有助于同类型铅锌多金属矿床的寻找工作。     

我国近海赤潮灾害发生特征、机理及防治对策研究

近海赤潮灾害的频繁暴发严重破坏海洋生态平衡和海洋环境.根据2000～2009年的统计数据,从赤潮灾害发生时间、地域分布、赤潮生物优势种和规模变化4个方面分析了我国近海赤潮灾害的发生特征,同时探究了赤潮生物、营养物质(氮、磷、铁、锰、维生素、特殊有机物等)和外部环境(气象条件、水动力条件、海水理化因子等)引发赤潮灾害的机...     

一株海绵共附生真菌Pleosporaceae sp.中甾体类化合物及其生物活性

在生物活性测定指导下,综合运用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析以及半制备HPLC等方法,从南海海绵Xestospongiatestudinaria来源的一株共附生真菌Pleosporaceae sp.发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离鉴定出5个甾体类化物,通过NMR,MS等波谱技术鉴定其结构分别为:(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(1),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,9,22-trien-3β-ol(2),(22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol(3),ergosta-6α-hydroxy-4,22-dien-3-one(4),(22E)-5α-cholesta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol(5)。这些化合物均为首次从Pleosporaceae属真菌中分离获得。化合物1,4和5具有较强的卤虫Ar-temia salina致死活性,化合物1还显示强的抗藤壶Balanus amphitrite附着活性,其EC50为0.85μg/mL。     

近30年来青海省三江源区草地的土壤侵蚀时空分析

分析了青海省三江源区草地生态系统土壤侵蚀的空间差异,以及草地退化与土壤侵蚀的关系,并对该区近30年来土壤侵蚀的动念变化进行描述.结果表明,该区域微度以上土壤侵蚀面积占源区总面积的46.47%,而草地生态系统发生微度以上土壤侵蚀的面积比例达56.04%.源区土壤侵蚀类型是以冻融侵蚀伴随着水力侵蚀或风力侵蚀的复合侵蚀为主,...     

基于分位数映射法的黑河上游气候模式降水误差订正

区域气候模式降水弥补了高寒山区气象站点稀少的缺陷,是水文模拟的重要驱动变量。然而,高寒山区模式输出降水的总量和频率都存在较大不确定性。因此,改进了用于降水频率纠正的分位数映射法(Quantile Mapping,QM),对中尺度数值预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting model,WRF)模拟的黑河上游日降水输出数据进行误差订正。选取第95分位和第98分位降水量为阈值,选择2004-2009年为建模时段,2010-2013年为验证时段,使用分段拟合的方法建立传递函数,侧重于对极端降水进行单独订正。研究结果表明:该方法不仅对降水空间分布有明显的改善,对极端降水也有很好的订正效果。订正前模式模拟日降水与台站之间的均方根误差为3.41 mm·d^-1,绝对偏差为115.67 mm·y^-1,订正后均方根误差减少为3.11 mm·d^-1,绝对偏差有明显改善,为60.3 mm·y^-1。订正后流域内年降水空间分布更加合理,年降水量也更接近于观测降水插值结果,其空间相关系数由0.74改善为0.94。春、夏季订正效果优于秋、冬季,其中夏季订正效果较为明显,订正前降水偏差百分比在-0.1~0.1以内的区域面积仅占流域总面积的28%,而订正后占比增加至66%。同时,该方法对极端降水有较好的订正效果,减小了日降水强度(SDII)和极强降水量(R99p)的模拟偏差,订正后的第95分位模拟降水与观测降水插值的相关系数由0.15提高到0.48。本研究为站点稀少的黑河上游提供了一种更有效的误差订正方案,有利于为寒区水文研究获取更精确的降水数据。     

IMPACT OF VERTICAL RESOLUTION,MODEL TOP AND DATA ASSIMILATION ON WEATHER FORECASTING——A CASE STUDY

The impacts of stratospheric initial conditions and vertical resolution on the stratosphere by raising the model top, refining the vertical resolution, and the assimilation of operationally available observations, including conventional and satellite observations, on continental U.S. winter short-range weather forecasting, were investigated in this study. The initial and predicted wind and temperature profiles were analyzed against conventional observations. Generally, the initial wind and temperature bias profiles were better adjusted when a higher model top and refined vertical resolution were used. Negative impacts were also observed in both the initial wind and temperature profiles, over the lower troposphere. Different from the results by only raising the model top, the assimilation of operationally available observations led to significant improvements in both the troposphere and stratosphere initial conditions when a higher top was used. Predictions made with the adjusted stratospheric initial conditions and refined vertical resolutions showed generally better forecasting skill. The major improvements caused by raising the model top with refined vertical resolution, as well as those caused by data assimilation, were in both cases located in the tropopause and lower stratosphere. Negative impacts were also observed, in the predicted near surface wind and lower-tropospheric temperature. These negative impacts were related to the uncertainties caused by more stratospheric information, as well as to some physical processes. A case study shows that when we raise the model top, put more vertical layers in stratosphere and apply data assimilation, the precipitation scores can be slightly improved. However, more analysis are needed due to uncertainties brought by data assimilation.     

STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACKS IN THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC REGION WITH CLASSIFICATION MODEL

Accurate simulation of tropical cyclone tracks is a prerequisite for tropical cyclone risk assessment. Against the spatial characteristics of tropical cyclone tracks in the Northwest Pacific region, stochastic simulation method based on classification model is used to simulate tropical cyclone tracks in this region. Such simulation includes the classification method, the genesis model, the traveling model, and the lysis model. Tropical cyclone tracks in the Northwest Pacific region are classified into five categories on the basis of its movement characteristics and steering positions. In the genesis model, Gaussian kernel probability density functions with the biased cross validation method are used to simulate the annual occurrence number and genesis positions. The traveling model is established on the basis of the mean and mean square error of the historical 6 h latitude and longitude displacements. The termination probability is used as the discrimination standard in the lysis model. Then, this stochastic simulation method of tropical cyclone tracks is applied and qualitatively evaluated with different diagnostics. Results show that the tropical cyclone tracks in Northwest Pacific can be satisfactorily simulated with this classification model.     

总状蕨藻多糖提取工艺的研究

采用酶法提取与热水抽提相结合的方法研究了总状蕨藻多糖的提取工艺，结果显示，采用固液质量比1：10，蛋白酶用量136．5U／g，于60气下酶法提取2．5h后，再将固液质量比调至1：20，在温度95气：条件下继续进行热水提取2．5h，多糖得率为6．7％，比单用热水提取法提高了131．0％。     

COMA星系团的研究5．动力学问题讨论

本文利用Ｋｅｎｔ和Ｇｕｎｎ提供的ＣＯＭＡ团天区４１４个星系的视向速度资料，以及关于团成员的统计判别结果，对ＣＯＭＡ团进行了动力学方面的讨论，分析表明ＣＯＭＡ团不存在显著动力学效应的整体转动。利用Ｋｉｎｇ－Ｍｉｃｈｉｅ模型拟合得到ＣＯＭＡ团的核半径为５．＇２（相当于２１０ｋｐｃ，取Ｈ０＝５０ｋｍ·ｓ－１·Ｍｐｃ－１），特征速度弥散度为９３５ｋｍ·ｓ－１．从动力学模型的角度来看，ＣＯＭＡ团有较为明显的形态分层。有迹象表明团中心区域的次结构是存在的。