Identification of Milankovitch Cycles and Calculation of Net Primary Productivity of Paleo-peatlands using Geophysical Logs of Coal Seams

Individual coal seams formed in paleo-peatlands represent sustained periods of terrestrial carbon accumulation and a key environmental indicator attributed to this record is the rate of carbon accumulation. Determining the rate of carbon accumulation requires a measure of time contained within the coal. This study aimed to determine this rate via the identification of Milankovitch orbital cycles in the coals. The geophysical log is an ideal paleoclimate proxy and has been widely used in the study of sedimentary records using spectral analysis. Spectral analyses of geophysical log from thick coal seams can be used to identify the Milankovitch cycles and to calculate the period of the coal deposition. By considering the carbon loss during coalification, the long-term average carbon accumulation rate and net primary productivity (NPP) of paleo-peatlands in coal seams can be obtained. This review paper presents the procedures of analysis, assessment of results and interpretation of geophysical logs in determining the NPP of paleo-peatlands.     

黑龙江省林口县五义屯石墨矿矿床地质特征及找矿方向

天山—兴蒙造山带是国内晶质石墨矿的主要成矿带,已查明柳毛石墨矿、石场石墨矿等多个大型沉积型石墨矿床,五义屯石墨矿矿床是近年在该带上新探获的一座大型晶质石墨矿床。本文阐述了该矿床的区域地质背景、地球物理特征、矿床地质特征,并分析了矿床成因和找矿方向。结果表明,该矿床是大型沉积变质型石墨矿床,矿体具明显层控特征,主要赋存于中-新元古界麻山岩群余庆岩组中;矿体品位厚度稳定,主要呈大鳞片粒级;矿体与围岩地球物理特征差异明显,具明显低阻高极化特征;本矿床具有成为超大型石墨矿床的潜力,其外围对寻找沉积变质型石墨矿床具有良好的资源远景。     

甘肃玛曲大水金矿田控矿因素及主矿体特征对比分析

大水金矿田由大水、贡北、格尔托3处大、中型金矿床组成,经过30年巨量探矿工程的投入和持续有效的勘查与研究,整体达到了详查程度,累计查明金资源量约130 t,为典型矿床对比研究提供了理想基地。通过大水金矿田赋矿地层岩性、控矿断裂构造、成矿侵入岩等控矿因素的对比分析认为：大水金矿田赋矿地层岩性以中三叠统马热松多组灰岩为主;控矿断裂、成矿容矿脉岩及其所赋存矿体的规模,以大水特大型金矿明显优于贡北、格尔托中型金矿,大水金矿主要以NWW向压扭性主干断裂与近SN向放射状张性断裂的交汇部位控制厚富主矿体,贡北以EW向、格尔托以NNW与NE向断裂的交汇部位控制主矿体的分布;中酸性岩体及其派生的酸性岩脉与金成矿关系密切,容矿花岗闪长岩（斑）岩脉及其蚀变方解石大脉在陡倾断裂破碎带中的集中分布,往往指示厚富金矿体的赋存地段。通过3个矿区主矿体的规模、品位、资源量分布等特征的对比分析可以看出,主矿体的规模、品位以大水较贡北、格尔托为大、为富,大水、贡北、格尔托金矿的主矿体资源量分别占矿区的75. 62%、78. 51%和79. 58%,且由普查到详查,主矿体资源量占比有所变化,如大水金矿由70. 59%增加到75. 63%,贡北金矿则由88. 24%降低为84. 16%。     

库车坳陷大北克深井区白垩系储层含盐特征与分布规律#br#

塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐下深部储层是天然气勘探的重要领域,白垩系储层岩盐广泛发育,储层含盐特征的精细表征和评价对该区勘探区带优选具有重要意义.以库车坳陷大北克深井区白垩系砂岩储层７２件岩心样品为研究对象,通过薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析与QEMSCAN(岩石矿物定量分析)等技术手段,对研究区白垩系砂岩储层的含盐特征、分布规律、形成条件及来源等进行研究.结果表明:岩盐晶体主要赋存在碎屑颗粒间、碎屑颗粒表面和溶蚀孔与裂缝中,呈格架状、晶粒状和团块状集合体等３种赋存状态,不同状态岩盐晶体Na和Cl等元素的原子分数存在差异;岩盐分布规律为,平面上表现出西高东低的特点,垂向上距上覆膏盐岩层越近,岩盐体积分数越高;不同的盐源供给条件、储层埋藏深度、砂岩粒级、分选性等制约岩盐晶体的集合体形态;岩盐来源主要为古近系膏盐类沉积物的溶蚀渗流,也可能与含盐流体沿构造断裂的侧向渗入有关.     

Mechanical behaviors of conjugate-flawed rocks subjected to coupled static–dynamic compression

Conjugate flaws widely exist in rock masses and play a significant role in their deformation and strength properties. Understanding the mechanical behaviors of rock masses containing conjugate flaws is conducive to rock engineering stability assessment and the related supporting design. This study experimentally investigates the mechanical properties of conjugate-flawed sandstone specimens under coupled static–dynamic compression, thereby providing insight into how conjugate fractures interact to produce tracing tensional joints. Results indicate that the coupled compressive strength and the dynamic elastic modulus of conjugate-flawed rock specimens show remarkable loading rate dependence. For a fixed strain rate, the specimen with a static pre-stress equal to 60% of its uniaxial compressive strength has the highest coupled strength. Besides, both higher static pre-stress and strain rate can induce smaller mean fragment size and greater fractal dimension of the specimen, corresponding to a more uniform distribution of the broken fragments with smaller sizes. When the static pre-stress is lower than 80%UCS, the flawed specimen under a higher strain rate is characterized by higher absorbed energy. However, when the pre-stress equals 80%UCS, the value of the energy absorbed by the specimen in the dynamic loading process is negative due to the release of the preexisting considerable elastic strain energy input from the static pre-loading. As for the failure modes, cracks always penetrate the preexisting ipsilateral flaw tips to form anti-wing cracks. Under dynamic loading, the conjugate-flawed specimen generally shows tensile failure at a low strain rate, while the shear failure dominates at a high strain rate. In addition, based on progressive failure processes of the conjugate-flawed rock specimens, the evolution of tracing tensional joints in the field is discussed.

     

Hydro-mechanical coupled analyses on wall deformations caused by deep excavations and dewatering in a confined aquifer

Acta Geotechnica - This study investigates the effect of dewatering on wall deformations of deep excavations through numerical analyses. A hydro-mechanical coupled method...     

Dynamic multifield coupling model of gas drainage and a new remedy method for borehole leakage

Acta Geotechnica - Air leakage in borehole not only seriously restricts the development and utilization of coal bed methane (CBM) but also affects gas disaster prevention and underground safety...     

A simplified analysis approach for the effect of the installation of adjacent XCC pile on the existing single XCC pile in undrained clay

Acta Geotechnica - In this paper, a simplified two-stage analysis method is introduced to predict the lateral response of the existing X-section Cast-in-place Concrete (XCC) pile caused by adjacent...     

Strengthening mechanisms in cement-stabilized kaolinite revealed by cross-scale nanoindentation

Acta Geotechnica - The macroscale mechanical properties of cement-stabilized soil have been widely reported, but the microscale behavior remains largely unexplored. This paper presents the first...