海洋烷烃降解菌Alcanivorax sp.A-11-3的分离鉴定及其降解酶基因研究

从马六岬海峡的表层海水中分离到一株石油降解菌A-11-3.经16S rDNA Blast结果表明其与Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2具有最高相似性为96%,该菌可能是食烷菌属的一个新种.该菌具有很强的石油降解能力.结果表明,A-11-3对烷烃的降解范围较宽,能以C8～C36的烷烃为唯一碳源和能源生长;在7d内该菌对柴油的降解率达到49.5%.此外,还从菌株中克隆到了大小为426bp的烷烃羟化酶基因alkB片段和843bp的P450 烷烃羟化酶基因的部分序列.序列分析表明,alkB片段编码的氨基酸序列与A. borkumensis SK2T的AlkB1和AlkB2的同源性分别为57.75%和40.14%;该菌的P450与SK2菌株的P450具有最高同源性,为87%.研究结果对于海洋石油降解微生物生态研究及石油污染生物修复技术开发有参考价值.     

三江源南部草地退化时空特征分析

本文利用三江源南部1977年MSS、1990年TM和2004年TM三期遥感影像,结合1∶10万地形图、1∶100万草地图、1∶100万植被图和野外考察等资料,分析该区草地退化的时空变化特征和规律。结果表明:该区草地总体呈轻度退化,即为轻度破碎化退化、轻度覆盖度下降、轻度破碎化和轻度覆盖度下降复合型退化,共占研究区退化总面积的84.3%;轻度退化草地主要散布在唐古拉山东北部区域,中度退化草地多数分布于河流、居民点周围,草地轻度沙化/盐化退化主要发生在湖盆周围、河岸附近、滩地等区域。草地退化面积随海拔高度升高近似于正态分布,退化面积集中4 400～5 300m左右。1977～1990年和1990～2004年前后两期草地退化面积占研究区草地面积12.6%和18.9%,指示着草地状况的恶化。同时,对前后两个时段比较发现,草地退化发生以破碎化为先导,随后发生覆盖度持续降低。沼泽和沼泽化草甸的变化反映了区内气候的趋干化。另外,受气候条件等因素的影响,前期草地和沼泽变化有转好迹象。     

天气雷达移动测试保障平台自动智能化测试设计及实现

针对天气雷达固定测试平台存在无法完成雷达系统、分系统关键参数测试;便携式移动测试平台不具备对雷达自动控制功能,无法实现一键自动化测试功能;以及雷达故障诊断不具备智能诊断等缺点,设计了一种基于天气雷达移动测试保障平台的自动智能化测试系统,该系统由软件系统、嵌入式计算机系统、测量仪器功能组件以及测试适配接口四大部分组成。该系统基于标准总线与合成仪器的架构,采用高集成度的射频收发硬件平台和具有二次开发能力的开放式可扩展软件平台相结合进行设计。通过仪表和雷达自动化控制、测试数据自动采集和处理、测试报表自动生成、基于逻辑判断的故障智能定位等技术,实现了雷达参数自动化一键测试和定标,以及雷达故障智能定位等功能。结果表明,该系统能提高雷达现场测试、定标和故障诊断效率。     

Pore Pressure Accumulation of Anisotropically Consolidated Soft Clay Subjected to Complex Loads Under Different Stress Paths

Owing to different influence factors of foundation soil, the initial stress state of the soil under various working conditions is complex. To simulate this situation, in this paper, a series of tests on undisturbed soft clay under pure principal stress axis rotation were carried out by using the hollow cylinder apparatus(HCA). The influence of initial consolidation angle ζ(the angle between the vertical direction and direction of the applied load in consolidation) and intermediate principal stress coefficient b on pore water pressure accumulation of undisturbed soft clay were mainly studied. The test results show that, during pure principal stress axis rotation, the pore water pressure accumulation of the undisturbed soft clay fluctuates and increases with the rotation of the major principal stress; the values of major principal stress angles α, corresponding to the peak value of the pore water pressure in a certain cycle, are different with different initial consolidation angles; the pore water pressure accumulation of soft clay is greatly affected by the intermediate principal stress coefficient b. With the fixed initial consolidation angle ζ, the variation trend of the maximum pore water pressure for each cycle is appropriately the same with different b values. With the increase of cycles, the difference value of pore water pressure between b = 0 and b = 1 in each cycle increases gradually with different initial consolidation angles ζ. While with different initial consolidation angles ζ, the increase of the pore water pressure when b increases from 0 to 0.5 is different with that when b increases from 0.5 to 1; the variation of maximum pore water pressure with ζ is significantly affected by the value of b; the value of maximum pore water pressure increases with the cycle number increases under all test conditions, but the growth rate decreases gradually.And the variation of maximum pore water pressure with the cycle number N is obviously influenced by both ζ and b.     

长江口及其邻近海域富营养化状况评价

通过对长江口及其邻近海域生态环境参数的背景值(20世纪50-60年代)和现状值(1997-2003年)的比较,应用欧盟“综合评价法”对长江口及其邻近海域的富营养化状况进行了评价。结果表明,长江向长江口海域输送总氮和总磷通量持续增大,长江口及其邻近海域无机氮浓度持续增高而硅浓度持续下降,并由此导致N/P/Si比值的显著变化;该海域叶绿素a浓度持续增大,浮游植物群落结构也发生了显著变化;该海域底栖生物种类和生物量都大大减少,底层水低氧区面积也显著扩大;该海域赤潮事件无论是规模还是频率都大大增加,藻类毒素DSP/PSP贻贝传染事件也时有发生。综合以上4类评价因子的评价结果得出结论:长江口及其邻近海域属于富营养化“问题海域”,即有充分证据表明,人为的富营养化已经对长江口及其邻近海域的海洋生态系统造成不良干扰。     

黄海西部2005—2007年海雾演变的气候特征研究

海雾对沿海地区的交通运输、工农业生产等影响很大,需要开展深入研究,以探索其生消演变规律。本文选择黄海西部的成山头、青岛、海阳、日照等4个测站为代表性测站,分析了2005—2007年海雾发生期间的位势高度、海温、海表面风场、相对湿度、稳定度及散度等要素场特征,着重探讨了海雾演变的气候特征。研究结果表明:500 hPa高空槽前位于黄海上空时有利于成雾;海温异常低的年份雾日较多;风向、散度和低层的层结稳定度是影响黄海海雾的主要因素;地理位置也是影响黄海海雾变化的重要因子;黄海海雾的水平分布具有南北空间不一致的特点。     

盐度对方斑东风螺耗氧率和排氨率的影响

采用实验生态学方法研究盐度对方斑东风螺Babylonia areolata耗氧率和排氨率的影响。根据方斑东风螺个体大小设立A、B、C(壳高分别为6.86±0.24、4.75±0.37、3.15±0.12cm,软体部干重分别为11.064±0.361、4.245±0.690、2.015±0.122 g)3组,盐度设13、18、23、28、33等5个梯度,实验水温为27—28℃。结果表明:(1)盐度、个体大小对方斑东风螺的耗氧率有显著的影响(p<0.01)。盐度在13—28之间时,3组方斑东风螺的耗氧率都随盐度的升高而增加;当盐度升至33时,耗氧率下降。方斑东风螺的软体部干重(W)与单位体重耗氧率(O)之间的关系符合幂函数方程O=aWb,其中a值的范围为1.365 5—3.072 2,平均值是2.236 8,b值的范围为-0.195 2—-0.093 6,平均值为-0.130 6。(2)盐度、个体大小以及二者的交互作用均对方斑东风螺的排氨率有显著的影响(p<0.01)。盐度在13—28之间时,3组方斑东风螺的排氨率随着盐度的升高而增加;当盐度升至33时,排氨率下降。方斑东风螺的软体部干重(W)与单位体重排氨率(N)之间的关系也符合幂函数方程N=c Wd,其中c值的范围为261.769 4—360.427 9,平均值为320.643 4,d值的范围是-0.325 3—-0.189 0,平均值是-0.248 5。(3)单位体重耗氧率和排氨率与盐度(S)、软体部干重(W)的二元线性回归方程分别为:O=1.208-0.039W+0.039S(R=0.578,F=10.517,显著性概率=0.000)、N=-210.442-9.255W+2.965S(R=0.813,F=40.834,显著性概率=0.000)。     

利用GPS高求取正常高的几种拟合方法

全面系统地研究了GPS点正常高的拟合方法,对平面拟合、二次多项式拟合、移动曲面拟合、多曲面拟合的GPS水准拟合方法,采用不同参数进行了论述。并结合实际测区,对GPS水准点进行了计算分析。提出了不同测区、不同地形、不同大地水准面的拟合方法,部分拟合方法已用于实际生产中,结果表明,这些方法是切实可行的。通过计算分析,得出结论：不同地形、不同面积的测区需要采用不同的拟合模型,并且拟合时采用的参数也不同。利用GPS高求定正常高,能够降低劳动强度和作业成本,提高作业效率。     

Late Triassic Intracontinental Deformation of South Tianshan, Central Asia: Evidence from Syn-tectonic Sedimentation and Detrital Zircon Provenances of the Kuqa Depression

The Tianshan range, a Paleozoic orogenic belt in Central Asia, has undergone multiple phases of tectonic activities characterized by the N–S compression after the early Mesozoic, including the far-field effects of the Cenozoic Indian–Asian collision. However, there are limited reports on the tectonic deformation and initiation of Triassic intracontinental deformation in the Tianshan range. Understanding this structural context is crucial for interpreting the early intracontinental deformation history of the Eurasian continent during the early Mesozoic. Growth strata and syn-tectonic sediments provide a rich source of information on tectonic activities and have been extensively used in the studies of orogenic belts. Based on detail fieldwork conducted in this study, the middle–late Triassic Kelamayi Formation of the northern Kuqa Depression in the southern Tianshan fold-thrust belt has been identified as the typical syn-tectonic growth strata. The youngest detrital zircon component in two lithic sandstone samples from the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata yielded U-Pb ages of 223.4 ± 3.1 and 215.5 ± 2.9 Ma, respectively, indicating that the maximum depositional age of the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata is 226–220 and 218–212 Ma. The geochronological distribution of detrital samples from the Early–Middle Triassic and Late Triassic revealed abrupt changes, suggesting a new source supply resulting from tectonic activation in the Tianshan range. The coupling relationship between the syn-tectonic sedimentation of the Kelamayi Formation and the South Tianshan fold-thrust system provides robust evidence that the Triassic intracontinental deformation of the South Tianshan range began at approximately 226–220 Ma (during the Late Triassic) and ended at approximately 218–212 Ma. These findings provide crucial constraints for understanding the intraplate deformation in the Tianshan range during the Triassic.