青岛市崂山区典型地质灾害危险性分析及治理施工方案

青岛市崂山区特殊的自然地理和地质环境条件,在内、外动力地质作用以及人类工程、经济活动的影响下,引发了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等突发性的地质灾害。在对区内地质灾害点全面调查、排查和勘测工作的基础上,进行地质灾害危险性分析,编制出崂山区典型地质灾害的治理方案,为该区地质灾害治理工作提供技术依据。     

2015年夏季南疆地区高温冰雪洪水特征

2015年7月中旬开始至8月初,新疆地区受东移的伊朗高压控制,新疆南疆塔里木河流域及其周边区域遭遇历史同期罕见高温天气.南疆地区和天山山区7月平均气温分别为27.9℃、17.8℃,较常年分别偏高2.3℃、2.6℃,偏高幅度均居历史同期第一位;南疆及天山山区共计42站7月平均气温突破同期历史极值,使该地区从高空到地面不同高度气温都同时升高.0℃层高度都高于雪线高度,导致南疆多条河流发生冰雪消融性洪水,造成不同程度的洪水灾害.此次由高温天气产生的多条河流冰雪消融性洪水,由于具有充足的水热因子,致使南疆多条河流超过警戒流量和保证流量.尼雅河出现有实测资料以来第2位的洪水,阿克苏库玛拉克河发生有实测资料以来第3位的洪水;发生洪水的河流范围之广、持续时间之长历史罕见,叶尔羌河、玉龙喀什河、喀拉喀什河超警戒流量持续时间在半个月以上,叶尔羌河达到25 d.通过对历年冰雪消融性洪水资料分析,洪峰流量和日流量（洪量）与高空温度有较好的相关性,由此建立冰雪消融性洪水预报模型,应用在2015年夏季洪水预报中取得明显的效果,对于今后预报此类洪水提供了有益的借鉴.     

“陆内造山带形成演化与动力学机制”主题专辑目次

正中国是以大陆为主的国家,广泛存在不同时代、不同方向、不同结构、不同性质的造山带,也有中新生代在陆壳基底上因裂解扩张形成的南海盆地。对这些地区进行深入研究,将为建立中国大陆构造理论提供地质基础和重要条件。20世纪30年代始,中国老一辈构造地质学家通过对中国大陆构造研究,陆续创立了不同构造学派,促进了对中国大陆构造研究的深入和发展。自20世纪70年代初,     

一种基于数据机制的DBM模型及其应用

将DBM(Data Based Mechanistic)模型应用到辽东森林小流域——大湖沟,分别以其2006年6月和2007年7月数据构建研究区丰水期和枯水期的DBM模型,拟合效率系数分别为0.952 8和0.837 8,模型拟合效果在验证期的不同时段表现出明显的差异性。对丰水期模型参数用固定时间间隔法(FIS)进行时变性分析,发现参数b的取值随时间产生变化。对枯水期的二阶DBM模型进行快、慢流分解,得出了连续时间当量的快、慢流的平均滞后时间分别为5.3h和243.3h。     

Evolution of a coastal upwelling event during summer 2004 in the southern Taiwan Strait

A coastal upwelling event in the southern Taiwan Strait (STWS) was investigated using intensive cruise surveys (four repeated transects in a month) and satellite data in July and early August 2004.The extensive upwelling-associated surface cold water was first observed in early July (～2.0×10 4 km 2) along the STWS coast.Then,the cold surface water reduced in size by ～50% with decreased chlorophyll concentrations after 15 days,indicating the weakening of the upwelling event.At the end of July,the cold surface water disappeared.The temporal variations of the surface cold water and the 3-D hydrography around Dongshan Island are thought to be mainly attributed to the weakened upwelling-favorable southwestern wind,the asymmetric spatial structure of the wind field and the intrusion of warm water from the northern South China Sea.     

微山湖流域高氟地下水的成因分析

依据2006—2016年间采集的区内475件地下水无机分析数据以及钻探岩心易溶盐测试数据,详细研究了微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布特征和富集机制。结果表明:微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布有明显的东西分区特征,湖西冲积、湖积平原区有大范围的高氟地下水,在深度0—40 m的浅层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~2 mg/L为主,仅现代黄河影响带地下水氟含量小于1 mg/L,金乡、单县、嘉祥局部超过3 mg/L,最大值9.5 mg/L;在深度150—400 m的深层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~1.5 mg/L为主,菏泽—单县条带氟含量超过2 mg/L,最大值3.5 mg/L。微山湖东冲积、洪积平原浅层孔隙地下水、深层岩溶地下水氟含量均小于1 mg/L。湖西冲积、湖积平原沉积物中可溶性氟含量随深度增加而降低。微山湖流域湖西高氟地下水形成受物质来源、淋滤和蒸发浓缩等三方面因素共同控制,CaF_2的溶解平衡是控制地下水F–含量的重要因素。     

陇南伏期旱涝指数及预测模型

从陇南气候规律及农业生产实际出发，制定出客观定量衡量陇南伏期旱涝特征的旱涝指数，并利用1967－1996年旱涝指数，用EOF对陇南伏期旱涝进行分片，分析其时空分布特征，建立各片伏期旱涝均生函数预测模型，通过应用，预报准确率有较大提高。     

Estimation of Turbulent Fluxes Using the Flux-Variance Method over an Alpine Meadow Surface in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

The flux-variance similarity relation and the vertical transfer of scalars exhibit dissimilarity over different types of surfaces,resulting in different parameterization approaches of relative transport efficiency among scalars to estimate turbulent fluxes using the flux-variance method.We investigated these issues using eddycovariance measurements over an open,homogeneous and flat grassland in the eastern Tibetan Plateau in summer under intermediate hydrological conditions during rainy season.In unstable conditions,the temperature,water vapor,and CO2 followed the flux-variance similarity relation,but did not show in precisely the same way due to different roles(active or passive) of these scalars.Similarity constants of temperature,water vapor and CO2 were found to be 1.12,1.19 and 1.17,respectively.Heat transportation was more efficient than water vapor and CO2.Based on the estimated sensible heat flux,five parameterization methods of relative transport efficiency of heat to water vapor and CO2 were examined to estimate latent heat and CO2 fluxes.The strategy of local determination of flux-variance similarity relation is recommended for the estimation of latent heat and CO2 fluxes.This approach is better for representing the averaged relative transport efficiency,and technically easier to apply,compared to other more complex ones.     

珲春中部土壤常量元素地球化学特征

采用XRF-X荧光光谱法,研究了吉林省珲春中部常量元素在表层土壤中的含量以及在土壤剖面中的迁移分布等土壤地球化学特征.结果表明:表层土壤中MgO(0.85%)、CaO(0.95%)的含量平均值低于全国土壤平均值(分别为1.8%和3.2%),Fe2O3(3.41%)、K2O(2.61%)、Al2O3(13.33%)、SiO2(69.25%)含量平均值与全国平均值基本相当(分别为3.40%,2.50%,12.60%和65.00%),Na2O(1.83%)含量平均值高于全国平均值(1.60%).暗棕壤和白浆土两种类型土壤剖面常量元素组成差别不大,在垂向上呈现出不同的规律性.Sa、Saf和ba指标反映出暗棕壤土壤的风化淋溶度略强于白浆土,在剖面不同层次上,随土壤深度的增加,Sa和Saf呈现下降的趋势,而表层土壤的ba值比深层土壤高.     

A new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide

1 Introduction The landslides influences on the human society have become an environment difficult problem not able to be neglected, and according to the priority of harms, harms of landslides are only smaller than those from earthquakes in all sorts of natural hazards[1]. Landslide is part of rock mass, soil mass or their compound mass slides downward along a certain slid- ing surface under the actions of inner and external dy- namics, and it is one severe instability phenomenon of rock and s…